Health Psychology Research最新文献

Tobacco consumption is one of the major public health concerns worldwide. Moreover, alternative tobacco and nicotine products (ATNPs) are growing in popularity, especially among young adults in the past decade. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors of tobacco consumption among university students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 338 university students of a private Malaysian university from March to April 2021. Data was collected using a self-administered online questionnaire with items including sociodemographic information, user status of tobacco consumption and types of tobacco product used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS version 26.0 to analyse the data. The prevalence of tobacco consumption in this study was 8.6% and the main tobacco product used was manufactured cigarettes. In Pearson's chi square test and Fisher's exact test, current use of tobacco was significantly associated with nationality, ethnicity, religion, school, current level of education and parents, siblings and friends use of tobacco (p<0.05). In simple and multiple logistic regression analysis, being non-Malaysian, Indian, Muslim, year 4 student and having parents or siblings who used tobacco, all had statistically significant associations with the current use of tobacco (p<0.05). Findings of this study showed that the use of tobacco among university students is concerning and warrants the need to develop and implement a strategic anti-tobacco program to limit this behaviour among university students.

Background: Domestic violence is a widespread problem affecting individuals, families, and communities worldwide. Peritraumatic distress is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health problems among victims, but research on men's experiences is limited.

Objective: We analyzed data from 48 physical domestic violence victims (16 males and 32 females) to compare their levels of peritraumatic distress and negative emotions, and to examine the types of aggressors they faced.

Methods: We used descriptives to summarize sample characteristics and Peritraumatic Distress Inventory scores and used statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U, Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's test, contingency tables, and chi-square to investigate differences and associations between variables.

Results: Female victims of domestic violence had significantly higher scores on the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory than male victims and experienced significantly higher levels of negative emotions than male victims, including impotence/inability to react, sadness, anger/frustration, loss of control, fear, guilt, and shame. Husbands and domestic partners were the most frequent aggressors against female victims, while wives and ex-wives were the most frequent aggressors against male victims. In addition, partners were found to be the most frequent type of aggressor in the sample. Descriptive statistics, box plots, and scatter plots were used to provide a clear picture of the sample characteristics.

Conclusion: Female victims of domestic violence reported higher levels of peritraumatic distress and negative emotions compared to men victims. Partners were the most frequent type of aggressor in the sample.

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) as a real-time data collection method can provide insight into the daily experiences of family caregivers.

Purpose: This systematic review aimed to synthesize studies involving EMA completed by family caregivers of adults with chronic conditions.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted within six databases for articles published from the inception of the database through September 2023. We extracted the characteristics of the included studies and data on EMA-specific methods to determine the quality of the included studies.

Results: A total of 12 studies involving EMA completed by family caregivers of adults with chronic conditions were identified, with almost all studies focused on caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's or dementia-related conditions. The average compliance rate across the included studies was 75%, below the recommended rate. In addition, most of the included studies did not collect the family caregivers' daily activities and care contexts in their responses (i.e., affect, stress, well-being, care demand, and fatigue) to the EMA prompts.

Discussion: This review showed that using EMA to collect information on family caregivers of adults with chronic health conditions appeared feasible and acceptable. However, the methodology or design of using EMA to collect caregiver information in this population is still preliminary. The limited number of existing studies that have used EMA to capture the daily experiences of family caregivers does not provide key information that could improve understanding of caregivers' emotional experiences and well-being in real-life situations. We identified gaps in the literature that warrant additional EMA studies for this population.

Background: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) carries significant global burden, with approximately 27% of women who have ever had a partner experiencing IPV. Additionally, substance use (alcohol and drugs) is often associated with aggressive attitudes and serves as a risk factor for IPV.

Objective: Determine the association between substance use and the recurrence of IPV in the Peruvian population in 2022.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using public data from the Ministry of Women, employing regression based on generalized linear models to calculate crude and adjusted Odds Ratios.

Results: A total of 65,290 cases of IPV were analyzed, the results revealed that 93.70% of the reports were cases of recidivism. A relationship was identified between substance use and IPV, with an Odds Ratio of 2.24 for the perpetrator's alcohol consumption and an Odds Ratio of 2.33 for drug use.

Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that a relationship exists between substance use and IPV, and national strategies should incorporate proper monitoring after the initial report of violence, as well as effective control of substance use among perpetrators.

The number of police officers suffering from mental illnesses is becoming a significant public health concern. Police officers are more likely to experience mental health problems than the general population. The use of effective mental health promotion programs can assist in reducing police officers' psychological problems. In this paper author reviews existing literature on mental disorders and mental health promotion among police officers. This review emphasizes the importance of mental health promotion and programs in improving police officers' well-being and decreasing mental disorders. The prevalence of mental disorders, risk factors, and negative consequences are explained. Furthermore, examples of programs or interventions to promote mental health, and recommendations for further study are presented. Therefore, this review could be useful in developing intervention program to support police officers' health.

Background: Cancer patients may suffer from psychological disorders related to their health condition. Various medical, surgical, and interventional procedures, alongside the distinct tumor localization, have been linked to an elevated predisposition towards psychological disorders, including but not limited to depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and cognitive impairments.

Objective: To systematically review the literature on neurocognitive rehabilitation of patients before and after brain cancer.

Methods: The systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for the systematic review of the PRISMA Group. The literature search was conducted from February 2022 to December 2022 in the databases of PubMed, APA PsycNet, and Web of Science. The focus was on cognitive-behavioural treatments, with Goal Management Training (GMT), and also an app on the iPad- ReMind- that includes psychoeducation, strategy training, and retraining, and new technologies such as virtual reality, in patients with cognitive deficits after neurosurgery.

Conclusions: Overall, neurocognitive rehabilitation had an improvement on cancer patients and a recovery of executive and cognitive functions, a better quality of life, and psychological well-being.

Background: Poor psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic has been reported in several studies of healthcare workers from around the world. Factors that might predict this have yet to be established.

Objectives: First, to ascertain which factors were associated with poor psychological functioning in a cohort of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, to characterize key sociodemographic aspects of this cohort. Third, to determine the degree to which any predictors of poor psychological functioning were associated with each other.

Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted of 144 healthcare workers in Patras, Greece, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaire consisted of: (1) demographic survey questions; (2) the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire scale; (3) the Kessler Psychological Distress scale; and (4) Toulouse's scale for coping strategies. The data were analyzed using general linear modeling.

Results: The statistical model (p < 10^-10) indicated that smoking or taking drugs to calm anxiety, feeling ashamed, and being overwhelmed by one's feelings were all predictors of poor psychological functioning. Conversely, income was a protective factor. A post hoc network analysis showed that smoking or taking drugs to calm anxiety was relatively strongly associated with feeling ashamed; the latter was also associated with feeling overwhelmed. There was a weak negative association between income and feeling ashamed.

Conclusion: This study highlights the critical importance of psychological functioning in shaping the mental well-being of healthcare professionals during pandemics. Prioritizing the mental health of frontline workers is crucial for their well-being and for the overall functioning of healthcare systems.

Background: The mental health of healthcare workers, particularly family medicine residents, is an area of growing concern, more so in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. High levels of burnout and depression among these professionals can affect their well-being and patients' quality of care.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and burnout among family medicine residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 213 family medicine residents, using a self-administered survey. The survey included the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 to assess burnout and depression. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participants' characteristics, and regression model was developed to explore predictors of burnout and depression.

Results: The mean age of participants was 26.85±1.42 years, and 53.3% were males. The study found a high prevalence of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) among participants, with mean scores of 21.10±9.38 and 15.44±7.69, respectively, indicating moderate to high levels. Similarly, a high level of personal accomplishment (PA) was reported, with a mean score of 11.46±6.33. Around 10% of participants reported moderately severe and severe depression, with a mean PHQ-9 scale score of 6.03±5.10. Gender and depression severity were significantly associated with burnout (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion: The study underscores a significant prevalence of burnout and depression among family medicine residents in Riyadh, with notable variations across different demographic and professional characteristics. This necessitates tailored mental health interventions for this population, especially in challenging times like the ongoing pandemic.