Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0111
V. Arowoiya, O. Oyefusi
{"title":"An Analysis of the Benefits of Adopting Modular Construction: A Nigerian Construction Industry Context","authors":"V. Arowoiya, O. Oyefusi","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"26 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83739089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex clients’ requirements and numerous construction industry challenges require an interrogation of the quantity surveyor’s competencies. This article reports on a study that sought to determine the expected competencies of quantity surveyors and to establish statistically significant differences in ranking due to quantity surveyor designations. A questionnaire survey research design was employed to collect the primary data. Quantity surveyors from all quantity surveying firms and those working for construction companies in the major cities of Harare and Bulawayo participated in the study. Eight components were revealed through factor analysis, with the highest ranked component consisting of project finance control and reporting, sustainability issues, and conflict avoidance management and dispute resolution procedures. While the traditional competencies of effective financial control and conflict management remains vital, sustainability issues have also become a priority. Hence, continuous professional development programmes and curricula redesigns that cater for these competencies are essential. A statistically significant difference due to the consultant and contractors’ quantity surveyor designations was revealed, indicating a differentiation of their roles. Thus, relevant weighted competency assessment frameworks also need to be instituted. However, owing to the exploratory nature of the study, only views of quantity surveyors were considered.
{"title":"Expected Competencies of Quantity Surveyors in Zimbabwe","authors":"Tirivavi Moyo, Mernard Mukawa, Cynthia Moyo, Benviolent Chigara","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-04-21-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-04-21-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Complex clients’ requirements and numerous construction industry challenges require an interrogation of the quantity surveyor’s competencies. This article reports on a study that sought to determine the expected competencies of quantity surveyors and to establish statistically significant differences in ranking due to quantity surveyor designations. A questionnaire survey research design was employed to collect the primary data. Quantity surveyors from all quantity surveying firms and those working for construction companies in the major cities of Harare and Bulawayo participated in the study. Eight components were revealed through factor analysis, with the highest ranked component consisting of project finance control and reporting, sustainability issues, and conflict avoidance management and dispute resolution procedures. While the traditional competencies of effective financial control and conflict management remains vital, sustainability issues have also become a priority. Hence, continuous professional development programmes and curricula redesigns that cater for these competencies are essential. A statistically significant difference due to the consultant and contractors’ quantity surveyor designations was revealed, indicating a differentiation of their roles. Thus, relevant weighted competency assessment frameworks also need to be instituted. However, owing to the exploratory nature of the study, only views of quantity surveyors were considered.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89520847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-10-21-0157
J. B. Yap, Sin Ying Lim
The traditional construction procurement approach engenders adversarial attitudes and the pursuit of individual organisation’s gain has led to inefficiencies and poor project management. Previous studies suggest collaborative working in the construction supply chain may produce better outcomes. This paper examines the drivers and barriers to embracing collaborative procurement practices pertinent to the construction industry in the developing world; using Malaysia as a base of the study. Drawing on an empirical survey involving construction professionals (contractors, consultants and clients), the significance of the drivers and barriers are prioritised based on mean scores. The most significant drivers are better quality outcome, better cost control, better time control, effective problem solving and increased client satisfaction. As for the barriers, resistance to change current way of working, communication problem, incompatible personalities and organisational cultures, lack of top management support, and inadequate training and guidance rank the highest. Next, Kruskal-Wallis tests were selected to compare the results given by the three groups of respondents. All the drivers are homogeneously perceived except for ‘long-term relationship’. Homogeneous perceptions are observed for all drivers. Results from this study are expected to benefit both construction practitioners and researchers in the exploration, planning and implementation of collaboration-based project procurement arrangements.
{"title":"Collaborative Project Procurement in the Construction Industry: Investigating the Drivers and Barriers in Malaysia","authors":"J. B. Yap, Sin Ying Lim","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-10-21-0157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-10-21-0157","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional construction procurement approach engenders adversarial attitudes and the pursuit of individual organisation’s gain has led to inefficiencies and poor project management. Previous studies suggest collaborative working in the construction supply chain may produce better outcomes. This paper examines the drivers and barriers to embracing collaborative procurement practices pertinent to the construction industry in the developing world; using Malaysia as a base of the study. Drawing on an empirical survey involving construction professionals (contractors, consultants and clients), the significance of the drivers and barriers are prioritised based on mean scores. The most significant drivers are better quality outcome, better cost control, better time control, effective problem solving and increased client satisfaction. As for the barriers, resistance to change current way of working, communication problem, incompatible personalities and organisational cultures, lack of top management support, and inadequate training and guidance rank the highest. Next, Kruskal-Wallis tests were selected to compare the results given by the three groups of respondents. All the drivers are homogeneously perceived except for ‘long-term relationship’. Homogeneous perceptions are observed for all drivers. Results from this study are expected to benefit both construction practitioners and researchers in the exploration, planning and implementation of collaboration-based project procurement arrangements.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79537119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-02-22-0025
Tirivavi Moyo, Benviolent Chigara
The increased complexity of construction projects necessitates the need for quantity surveying professionals to achieve and maintain the highest levels of competency. However, various factors have inhibited their expected professional practice aptitude. Hence, this study reports on the factors affecting their competency. A questionnaire-based descriptive survey strategy was undertaken to collect quantitative dat a from both consultants’ and contractors’ quantity surveyors on the factors affecting their competence. Factor analysis revealed four significant components that include inadequate project and professional practice, inadequate academic and technological advances, inadequate organizational structure and teamwork, and unclear individual career development goals. In addition, an assessment of statistically significant differences in ranking by consultants and contractors quantity surveyors was undertaken. Contractors’ quantity surveyors considered inadequate polytechnic education and training, inconsistent project implementation strategies, and unclear organization development goals as impacting most negatively on the competence of quantity surveying professionals. These findings reveal a need to establish collaboration between higher education institutions and professional bodies for the development and implementation of relevant strategic plans for resolving these inadequacies. Also, organizational development goals and project implementation strategies are more relevant and important for contractors as opposed to consultants ’ firms. The withdrawal of primary data from quantity surveying professionals only was a limitation; however, the factors primarily affect quantity surveyors and their insights are vital. the study, and limitations of the study are presented.
{"title":"Factors Affecting the Competence of Quantity Surveying Professionals in Zimbabwe","authors":"Tirivavi Moyo, Benviolent Chigara","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-02-22-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-02-22-0025","url":null,"abstract":"The increased complexity of construction projects necessitates the need for quantity surveying professionals to achieve and maintain the highest levels of competency. However, various factors have inhibited their expected professional practice aptitude. Hence, this study reports on the factors affecting their competency. A questionnaire-based descriptive survey strategy was undertaken to collect quantitative dat a from both consultants’ and contractors’ quantity surveyors on the factors affecting their competence. Factor analysis revealed four significant components that include inadequate project and professional practice, inadequate academic and technological advances, inadequate organizational structure and teamwork, and unclear individual career development goals. In addition, an assessment of statistically significant differences in ranking by consultants and contractors quantity surveyors was undertaken. Contractors’ quantity surveyors considered inadequate polytechnic education and training, inconsistent project implementation strategies, and unclear organization development goals as impacting most negatively on the competence of quantity surveying professionals. These findings reveal a need to establish collaboration between higher education institutions and professional bodies for the development and implementation of relevant strategic plans for resolving these inadequacies. Also, organizational development goals and project implementation strategies are more relevant and important for contractors as opposed to consultants ’ firms. The withdrawal of primary data from quantity surveying professionals only was a limitation; however, the factors primarily affect quantity surveyors and their insights are vital. the study, and limitations of the study are presented.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87551639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-12-21-0192
O. Adebowale, J. Agumba
Despite the importance of the construction sector to economic development, labour productivity in construction is lower than productivity in many sectors. Construction productivity has declined continuously for decades, particularly in developing countries. The challenges of low productivity in construction is considered a chronic problem. This has engendered the concern of construction stakeholders to address the myriad of challenges undermining labour productivity growth. This study conducted a meta-data analysis of factors affecting construction labour productivity growth in the Middle East. A systematic review of the existing construction labour productivity studies was presented. Ten Middle East studies were selected for a meta-data analysis. The key factors affecting construction labour productivity in the region were identified, and quantitative data of the selected studies were synthesized. Effect summaries derived from the analysis revealed delay in responding to requests for information, inadequate workers supervision, a shortage of skilled labour, extent of change orders, and clarity of technical specifications as the major factors affecting productivity. The study is limited to journal articles published from 2000-2020 in the Scopus database. Contractors in the Middle East can adopt the interventions of the study to evolve productivity growth policies for their organisations.
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of Factors Affecting Construction Labour Productivity in the Middle East","authors":"O. Adebowale, J. Agumba","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-12-21-0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-12-21-0192","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of the construction sector to economic development, labour productivity in construction is lower than productivity in many sectors. Construction productivity has declined continuously for decades, particularly in developing countries. The challenges of low productivity in construction is considered a chronic problem. This has engendered the concern of construction stakeholders to address the myriad of challenges undermining labour productivity growth. This study conducted a meta-data analysis of factors affecting construction labour productivity growth in the Middle East. A systematic review of the existing construction labour productivity studies was presented. Ten Middle East studies were selected for a meta-data analysis. The key factors affecting construction labour productivity in the region were identified, and quantitative data of the selected studies were synthesized. Effect summaries derived from the analysis revealed delay in responding to requests for information, inadequate workers supervision, a shortage of skilled labour, extent of change orders, and clarity of technical specifications as the major factors affecting productivity. The study is limited to journal articles published from 2000-2020 in the Scopus database. Contractors in the Middle East can adopt the interventions of the study to evolve productivity growth policies for their organisations.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82079463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-05-22-0091
F. Sierra, Christayos Rodboonpha
. This research is original and relevant as it provides for the first time an overview of the typical BIM implementation models in Thailand and a BIM implementation guide for contractors to avoid the repetition of current common mistakes. It also reveals that Thai private developers request the use of BIM for more than 60% of large projects. This is the main driver for contractors to use BIM. Most of them use BIM below its potential and receive limited benefits. In general, BIM is used to produce a 3D model, update technical drawings, detect clashes, quantity take-offs and create 3D visualizations. It was also found that the main barriers are the negative effect that the implementation of BIM has at the beginning on the schedule/productivity of the projects; high initial investment; lack of knowledge and information available about BIM; lack of leadership from government to promote the change; resistance to change of practice; and the long adoption period. This research makes suggestions to minimise each barrier.
{"title":"BIM Implementation Models in Thailand: Drivers, Benefits, Barriers and Lessons Learned","authors":"F. Sierra, Christayos Rodboonpha","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-05-22-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-05-22-0091","url":null,"abstract":". This research is original and relevant as it provides for the first time an overview of the typical BIM implementation models in Thailand and a BIM implementation guide for contractors to avoid the repetition of current common mistakes. It also reveals that Thai private developers request the use of BIM for more than 60% of large projects. This is the main driver for contractors to use BIM. Most of them use BIM below its potential and receive limited benefits. In general, BIM is used to produce a 3D model, update technical drawings, detect clashes, quantity take-offs and create 3D visualizations. It was also found that the main barriers are the negative effect that the implementation of BIM has at the beginning on the schedule/productivity of the projects; high initial investment; lack of knowledge and information available about BIM; lack of leadership from government to promote the change; resistance to change of practice; and the long adoption period. This research makes suggestions to minimise each barrier.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89782556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0110
Abdul Manaan Osman, Yi Sheng Liu
. Construction industry's contribution to the development of nations has been well documented in the literature. Some authors argue that the construction industry offers one of the most significant avenues through which infrastructure is provided for almost every sector of an economy. Yet, studies focusing on the development of the construction industry are replete with problems regarding the numerous competitiveness determinants to consider, not only from where and whom to collect the data but also the type and range of data. This study investigates the essential factors influencing the competitiveness of the Ghanaian Construction Industry (GCI) using Michael Porter’s Diamond framework. Factor analysis revealed four underlying constructs that determine the competitiveness of the GCI. These include Industrial Resources Availability, Construction Business Strategies and Project Management, Stakeholders' Demands and Performance, and Government Role and Industry Development Policy. The study highlights that (1) more emphasis should be placed on macro-variables of GCIs at the national level and (2) senior managers in GCI should integrate advanced management processes and techniques in construction business management to improve upon their performances. In addition, the results from the current study may help inform and direct government policies towards repositioning and engendering the competitiveness of the GC1, while providing international construction firms entering the GCI with firsthand information about the performance of GCI.
{"title":"Critical Determinants of the Competitiveness of the Ghanaian Construction Industry","authors":"Abdul Manaan Osman, Yi Sheng Liu","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0110","url":null,"abstract":". Construction industry's contribution to the development of nations has been well documented in the literature. Some authors argue that the construction industry offers one of the most significant avenues through which infrastructure is provided for almost every sector of an economy. Yet, studies focusing on the development of the construction industry are replete with problems regarding the numerous competitiveness determinants to consider, not only from where and whom to collect the data but also the type and range of data. This study investigates the essential factors influencing the competitiveness of the Ghanaian Construction Industry (GCI) using Michael Porter’s Diamond framework. Factor analysis revealed four underlying constructs that determine the competitiveness of the GCI. These include Industrial Resources Availability, Construction Business Strategies and Project Management, Stakeholders' Demands and Performance, and Government Role and Industry Development Policy. The study highlights that (1) more emphasis should be placed on macro-variables of GCIs at the national level and (2) senior managers in GCI should integrate advanced management processes and techniques in construction business management to improve upon their performances. In addition, the results from the current study may help inform and direct government policies towards repositioning and engendering the competitiveness of the GC1, while providing international construction firms entering the GCI with firsthand information about the performance of GCI.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81344433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-02-21-0022
Anastasia Erlita, M. Amin, B. Bintoro
: This article reports research on a flour mill factory building construction in Indonesia by investigating the root cause of time overrun in consultant perspective. While numerous risks are identified during the phases of construction project, it is unknown which risk is the primary cause of project delays. To better understand the optimization of risk management and risk mitigation, a multiphase risk management is proposed, which is divided into 4 phases: pre-design, design, project bidding, and construction phase. As a result, employing the bow-tie analysis enables a more in-depth examination to identify the risk. From each bow-tie diagram, a detailed risk mitigation table can be formulated and easier to plan the response for each risk. Probability Impact Matrix also used to identify the risk score and evaluate the risk. This research begins by giving questionnaire to 45 qualified respondents. It was found that 45 factors that caused the delay in all phases were divided into 7 factors from the pre-design phase, 14 factors from the design phase, 6 factors from the tender phase and 16 factors from the construction phase. As the final step of risk management process, there are various responses in this research depends on their final assessment based on the score and questionnaire result. Factory building construction is quite different from other type of building construction because machine design also being an important part that affects the structural, architectural, mechanical and also electrical aspects.
{"title":"Multiphase Project Risk Management on Food Factory Building Construction: Consultant Perspective","authors":"Anastasia Erlita, M. Amin, B. Bintoro","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-02-21-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-02-21-0022","url":null,"abstract":": This article reports research on a flour mill factory building construction in Indonesia by investigating the root cause of time overrun in consultant perspective. While numerous risks are identified during the phases of construction project, it is unknown which risk is the primary cause of project delays. To better understand the optimization of risk management and risk mitigation, a multiphase risk management is proposed, which is divided into 4 phases: pre-design, design, project bidding, and construction phase. As a result, employing the bow-tie analysis enables a more in-depth examination to identify the risk. From each bow-tie diagram, a detailed risk mitigation table can be formulated and easier to plan the response for each risk. Probability Impact Matrix also used to identify the risk score and evaluate the risk. This research begins by giving questionnaire to 45 qualified respondents. It was found that 45 factors that caused the delay in all phases were divided into 7 factors from the pre-design phase, 14 factors from the design phase, 6 factors from the tender phase and 16 factors from the construction phase. As the final step of risk management process, there are various responses in this research depends on their final assessment based on the score and questionnaire result. Factory building construction is quite different from other type of building construction because machine design also being an important part that affects the structural, architectural, mechanical and also electrical aspects.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"144 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77475653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-04-21-0061
Kimia Soudbaksh, Mahrokh Etminan, Mohammad Hakimazari, Seyedehmamak Salavatian
This paper deals with the research into optimal passive design parameters, such as building’s envelope components and orientation that result in improving energy efficiency. Despite the ever-increasing demand for residential complexes in developing countries like Iran during recent decades, architects and engineers are deprived of the specific guidelines to design energy-saving residential units. The present paper aims to monitor the influence of window and orientation variables through the case study in the microclimate region in Iran, which is determined to be a temperate and humid climate. The residential unit is simulated by Design Builder to assess the value of energy used to fulfill heating, cooling, lighting, and annual energy consumption regarding controlled variables (shading devices, and mechanical and natural ventilation). The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) is evaluated in the range of 15% to 85% for northern and southern external walls. Subsequently, the most conventional range of width-to-height ratio (WHR) among the regional dwellings reported from the National Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center is investigated. Additionally, more variables like Building orientation (BO) is considered in the parametric analysis as the effective parameter to design passive solar. The considered building is routed on the ground with the azimuth angles from 0° to 360° with 5° increments in a clockwise direction to create 72 building orientation intervals. The results reveal that WWR is recommended to be 15% and 65% on the northern and southern façade, respectively. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the north-facing windows has the marginal effect on energy saving compared to south-facing windows. Although there is an optimal building orientation, most of the ideal values can be found in the narrow ranges 175°< BO < BO < 20°. Findings indicated that the reported variables played an important role in the reduction of energy consumption, particularly in housing units of residential complexes.
本文对建筑围护结构构件和建筑朝向等优化被动式设计参数进行了研究，从而提高了建筑的能效。近几十年来，尽管伊朗等发展中国家对住宅综合体的需求不断增长，但建筑师和工程师却缺乏设计节能住宅单元的具体指导方针。本文以伊朗小气候区为例，研究了窗向变量和方位变量的影响，确定了该地区为温带湿润气候。Design Builder对住宅单元进行了模拟，以评估用于供暖、制冷、照明和控制变量(遮阳设备、机械和自然通风)的年度能源消耗的价值。北外墙和南外墙的窗墙比(WWR)在15%到85%之间。随后，对国家道路、住房和城市发展研究中心报告的区域住宅中最常规的宽高比(WHR)范围进行了调查。此外，在参数分析中考虑了更多的变量，如建筑朝向(BO)，作为被动式太阳能设计的有效参数。考虑的建筑在地面上以0°到360°的方位角沿顺时针方向增加5°，创建72个建筑朝向间隔。结果表明，北侧和南侧的水比建议分别为15%和65%。此外，与朝南的窗户相比，朝北窗户的宽高比在节能方面具有边际效应。虽然存在最优的建筑朝向，但大多数理想值都在175°< BO < BO < 20°的狭窄范围内。研究结果表明，报告的变量在减少能源消耗方面发挥了重要作用，特别是在住宅综合体的住房单元中。
{"title":"Impact of Window Factors and Building Orientation on Energy-consumption in Residential Buildings of Humid Temperate Climatic Zone in Iran","authors":"Kimia Soudbaksh, Mahrokh Etminan, Mohammad Hakimazari, Seyedehmamak Salavatian","doi":"10.21315/jcdc-04-21-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/jcdc-04-21-0061","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the research into optimal passive design parameters, such as building’s envelope components and orientation that result in improving energy efficiency. Despite the ever-increasing demand for residential complexes in developing countries like Iran during recent decades, architects and engineers are deprived of the specific guidelines to design energy-saving residential units. The present paper aims to monitor the influence of window and orientation variables through the case study in the microclimate region in Iran, which is determined to be a temperate and humid climate. The residential unit is simulated by Design Builder to assess the value of energy used to fulfill heating, cooling, lighting, and annual energy consumption regarding controlled variables (shading devices, and mechanical and natural ventilation). The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) is evaluated in the range of 15% to 85% for northern and southern external walls. Subsequently, the most conventional range of width-to-height ratio (WHR) among the regional dwellings reported from the National Road, Housing and Urban Development Research Center is investigated. Additionally, more variables like Building orientation (BO) is considered in the parametric analysis as the effective parameter to design passive solar. The considered building is routed on the ground with the azimuth angles from 0° to 360° with 5° increments in a clockwise direction to create 72 building orientation intervals. The results reveal that WWR is recommended to be 15% and 65% on the northern and southern façade, respectively. Furthermore, the aspect ratio of the north-facing windows has the marginal effect on energy saving compared to south-facing windows. Although there is an optimal building orientation, most of the ideal values can be found in the narrow ranges 175°< BO < BO < 20°. Findings indicated that the reported variables played an important role in the reduction of energy consumption, particularly in housing units of residential complexes.","PeriodicalId":51876,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Construction in Developing Countries","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81599504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21315/jcdc-07-21-0106
Hernán Parra, Alexander Zuñiga-Collazos, Luis Fernando Cruz-Caicedo
Because risks on international construction show region to region variation, the present study investigates the impact of external risks on international construction project (ICP) success and the relationships between them, from the perspective of construction professionals working in the Commonwealth Caribbean Island (CCI) states. After a literature review, a survey questionnaire was designed with the input of a small group of experts. An instrument was tested and then sent to construction professionals working in the CCI. Seventy valid surveys collected were processed using the structural equation model (SEM). The results suggest CCI be an attractive region for construction enterprises looking into developing countries because they do not support a direct impact of external risks on project success, contrary to findings in other studies on developing regions. The SEM confirmed that global risks influence economic risks, economic risks influence legal risks, and economic risks influence social risks in this region. Results obtained help address a knowledge gap for ICP risks for the Caribbean region. The study will help firms and professionals looking to venture into the CCI, or other regions with similar characteristics, to create their risk management plan.
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