Pub Date : 2020-06-06DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.37
Martin Manina, P. Halaj, Ľ. Jurík, T. Kaletová
{"title":"MODELLING SEASONAL CHANGES OF LONGITUDINAL DISPERSION IN THE OKNA RIVER","authors":"Martin Manina, P. Halaj, Ľ. Jurík, T. Kaletová","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90345836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-06DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.61
F. Imanov, I. Aliyeva
{"title":"UNDERGROUND FLOW STUDY OF GREAT CAUCASIAN RIVERS WITHIN AZERBAIJAN","authors":"F. Imanov, I. Aliyeva","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85195366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.47
R. Mazur, M. Sitarek
Aim of the study Study of the effects of the microbiological bioremediation process carried out as a part of a purification process of a reservoir in Kamienna Góra. Material and methods A number of field measurements were made, i.e. thickness of bottom sediments, light transmission, and physicochemical analyses of waters. Activities undertaken in the bioremediation process were described. The final effects have been characterised. Results and conclusions The microbiological bioremediation process has contributed to the reduction of bottom sediments (organic fractions) by 30–100% at the selected measuring points. There was an improvement in the euphotic zone conditions from 70–100% in the examined points. The level of organic pollutants in water has also partially improved. The concentrations of the studied nutrients did not decrease, and even in some points they increased in 2018. Despite visible changes in the water quality in the reservoir, and almost complete elimination of organic fractions in bottom sediments, an increase in nutrients in the flood waters could be expected. In the last year of research, complete elimination of algal blooms was noted and ecotones were located in places of their earlier occurrence. The reservoir is still exposed to pressure from pollutants brought in by waters of the Zadrna River. If sources of pollution are not eliminated, this type of treatment will have to be repeated in subsequent seasons to maintain the quality of the reservoir water.
{"title":"MICROBIOLOGICAL BIOREMEDIATION OF THE KAMIENNA GÓRA DAM RESERVOIR","authors":"R. Mazur, M. Sitarek","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.47","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study Study of the effects of the microbiological bioremediation process carried out as a part of a purification process of a reservoir in Kamienna Góra. Material and methods A number of field measurements were made, i.e. thickness of bottom sediments, light transmission, and physicochemical analyses of waters. Activities undertaken in the bioremediation process were described. The final effects have been characterised. Results and conclusions The microbiological bioremediation process has contributed to the reduction of bottom sediments (organic fractions) by 30–100% at the selected measuring points. There was an improvement in the euphotic zone conditions from 70–100% in the examined points. The level of organic pollutants in water has also partially improved. The concentrations of the studied nutrients did not decrease, and even in some points they increased in 2018. Despite visible changes in the water quality in the reservoir, and almost complete elimination of organic fractions in bottom sediments, an increase in nutrients in the flood waters could be expected. In the last year of research, complete elimination of algal blooms was noted and ecotones were located in places of their earlier occurrence. The reservoir is still exposed to pressure from pollutants brought in by waters of the Zadrna River. If sources of pollution are not eliminated, this type of treatment will have to be repeated in subsequent seasons to maintain the quality of the reservoir water.","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76039686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-20DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.13
Ewa Broszkiewicz-Suwaj, L. Kuchar
Aim of the study The first weather derivatives appeared in 1996. Soon later such instruments began to be traded on the CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange). The group of underlyings included indices related to temperature as well as the amount of precipitation. But the specificity of weather derivatives led to the commodity exchanges stopping trade in some of them. However, climate change is increasing the risk associated with adverse weather conditions. The grain producers’ sector is highly exposed to this risk, which is why the subject of this work is to build a strategy to protect against the risk of low rainfall during the growing season of plants. Material and methods The valuation of rainfall derivatives is made using Monte Carlo simulation for two types of models: a model based on daily rainfall value simulation and a model based on direct estimation of the index distribution. Then these instruments are used to build a hedging strategy against the risk of low yields in the Lower Silesian District. In the last step, the effectiveness of such a strategy is examined using percentage reduction in volatility of a secured portfolio and average squared loss. Results and conclusions Based on the calculations, we can conclude that the amount of precipitation is an important factor affecting the level of cereal yield. Therefore, it is reasonable for grain producers to apply hedging strategies against low rainfall. Additionally we derived that daily precipitation model used in the work underestimates the derivative instrument price, whereas the model based on direct simulation of the index produces acceptable results.
{"title":"RAINFALL DERIVATIVES AS A RISK MANAGEMENT TOOL FOR GRAIN PRODUCERS: DAILY MODEL VS. INDEX MODEL","authors":"Ewa Broszkiewicz-Suwaj, L. Kuchar","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2020.19.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study The first weather derivatives appeared in 1996. Soon later such instruments began to be traded on the CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange). The group of underlyings included indices related to temperature as well as the amount of precipitation. But the specificity of weather derivatives led to the commodity exchanges stopping trade in some of them. However, climate change is increasing the risk associated with adverse weather conditions. The grain producers’ sector is highly exposed to this risk, which is why the subject of this work is to build a strategy to protect against the risk of low rainfall during the growing season of plants. Material and methods The valuation of rainfall derivatives is made using Monte Carlo simulation for two types of models: a model based on daily rainfall value simulation and a model based on direct estimation of the index distribution. Then these instruments are used to build a hedging strategy against the risk of low yields in the Lower Silesian District. In the last step, the effectiveness of such a strategy is examined using percentage reduction in volatility of a secured portfolio and average squared loss. Results and conclusions Based on the calculations, we can conclude that the amount of precipitation is an important factor affecting the level of cereal yield. Therefore, it is reasonable for grain producers to apply hedging strategies against low rainfall. Additionally we derived that daily precipitation model used in the work underestimates the derivative instrument price, whereas the model based on direct simulation of the index produces acceptable results.","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74773757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.43
Elżbieta Jarosińska, Marek Bodziony
Aim of the study The aim of this study is to provide temporal-spatial characteristics of rainfall distribution variability in the Cracow area, based on the new method of determining spatial distribution, as well as establishing the areas of the highest and lowest rainfall variability as compared to a multi-annual period. Material and methods For the calculations, 10-minute precipitation data sequences were used from the period of 2013–2016 (recorded by the MPWiK’s precipitation monitoring system in Cracow; from 18 precipitation stations) as well as daily and monthly precipitation data sequences from the multi-annual period 1951–2018 (recorded at the Kraków-Obserwatorium station by the IMGW).The rainfalls observed in the period of 2013–2016 were compared to the rainfalls from the multi-annual period of 1951–2018 contrasting the average monthly and annual precipitation totals, as well as the maximum daily precipitation totals in the summer months. The comparison was made by calculating the degree of exceedance or subceedance of the average values in [%] in relation to the Kraków-Obserwatorium station, which was chosen as the benchmark. The last stage of the study was to create, in the geodata and geoinformation environment , bitmaps of spatial distribution of precipitation in the Cracow area. For drawing the isolines, the interpolation method was used. Results and conclusions That methodology: a) uses data from multiple precipitation stations in the researched area, b) allows for the comparison of precipitation quantities for a given period versus the data from the multi-annual period (utilizing a benchmark), c) continuously monitor precipitation variability occurring in the researched area.
{"title":"TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN THE URBANIZED AREA OF CRACOW","authors":"Elżbieta Jarosińska, Marek Bodziony","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.43","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study The aim of this study is to provide temporal-spatial characteristics of rainfall distribution variability in the Cracow area, based on the new method of determining spatial distribution, as well as establishing the areas of the highest and lowest rainfall variability as compared to a multi-annual period. Material and methods For the calculations, 10-minute precipitation data sequences were used from the period of 2013–2016 (recorded by the MPWiK’s precipitation monitoring system in Cracow; from 18 precipitation stations) as well as daily and monthly precipitation data sequences from the multi-annual period 1951–2018 (recorded at the Kraków-Obserwatorium station by the IMGW).The rainfalls observed in the period of 2013–2016 were compared to the rainfalls from the multi-annual period of 1951–2018 contrasting the average monthly and annual precipitation totals, as well as the maximum daily precipitation totals in the summer months. The comparison was made by calculating the degree of exceedance or subceedance of the average values in [%] in relation to the Kraków-Obserwatorium station, which was chosen as the benchmark. The last stage of the study was to create, in the geodata and geoinformation environment , bitmaps of spatial distribution of precipitation in the Cracow area. For drawing the isolines, the interpolation method was used. Results and conclusions That methodology: a) uses data from multiple precipitation stations in the researched area, b) allows for the comparison of precipitation quantities for a given period versus the data from the multi-annual period (utilizing a benchmark), c) continuously monitor precipitation variability occurring in the researched area.","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84600632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.113
Andam Mustafa, H. Muhammed, M. Szydłowski
Aim of the study The current paper aims to give a detailed evaluation and analysis of some extreme rainfall events that happened in the last decade in terms of spatial and temporal rainfall distribution, intensity rate, and exceedance probability. Moreover, it examines the effects of each analysed aspect on the resulting flash floods in the studied area. In their glossary of meteorology, American Meteorology Society (AMS) subdivided rainfall intensity types into four groups (light, moderate, heavy, and violent). Also, for estimating the exceedance probability, lognormal distribution was applied as a statistical model of the precipitation probability distribution function. Results and conclusions Out of six episodes, five of the analysed events were classified as heavy rainfall. However, the duration of those heavy rainfall events was not more than two hours. Four events of maximum daily rainfall (for a 39-year dataset) were rated at 1–10% of exceedance probability. To conclude, the current study can be an initial step in modelling hydrological events in the studied area, and in the process of transforming precipitation into the outflows of urban basins in the future.
{"title":"EXTREME RAINFALLS AS A CAUSE OF URBAN FLASH FLOODS; A CASE STUDY OF THE ERBIL-KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ","authors":"Andam Mustafa, H. Muhammed, M. Szydłowski","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.113","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study The current paper aims to give a detailed evaluation and analysis of some extreme rainfall events that happened in the last decade in terms of spatial and temporal rainfall distribution, intensity rate, and exceedance probability. Moreover, it examines the effects of each analysed aspect on the resulting flash floods in the studied area. In their glossary of meteorology, American Meteorology Society (AMS) subdivided rainfall intensity types into four groups (light, moderate, heavy, and violent). Also, for estimating the exceedance probability, lognormal distribution was applied as a statistical model of the precipitation probability distribution function. Results and conclusions Out of six episodes, five of the analysed events were classified as heavy rainfall. However, the duration of those heavy rainfall events was not more than two hours. Four events of maximum daily rainfall (for a 39-year dataset) were rated at 1–10% of exceedance probability. To conclude, the current study can be an initial step in modelling hydrological events in the studied area, and in the process of transforming precipitation into the outflows of urban basins in the future.","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79410007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.3
M. Hämmerling, N. Walczak, Z. Walczak, P. Zawadzki
Aim of study The aim of presented paper was to assess the technical conditions of bank protection in Poznań on following hydrotechnical structures: the Warta River, Cybina River, Malta Lake, Rusałka Lake, Bogdanka River, Sołackie Ponds and the Główna River. Materials and methods Both river banks and reservoirs in cities require a specific approach. Natural processes (sediment accumulation, surface runoff, seepage) and human activity (including thoughtless acts of vandalism) force the need for continuous monitoring of banks and taking targeted measures to ensure safety in their vicinity. Properly designed, constructed and maintained reinforcements allows for long-term protection of embankments against damage and protect city residents against flooding. In Poznań, access to the banks of the Warta River and its tributaries is unlimited. Along the waterway there are walking and cycling paths. There are water barrages on the watercourses and reservoirs are among the most attractive spots in the parks. The largest artificial reservoir, Malta Lake on the Cybina River, has a regatta course and a small beach, meaning it is under strong anthropopressure. The stands of regatta course and its technical facilities are utilised during mass events by thousands of water sports enthusiasts. From the first warm days of spring, the banks of the Warta on the downtown section are occupied by Poznań citizens. Open at 4 city beaches water equipment rentals offer kayaks and motorized boats. Results and conclusions The overall condition of checked reinforcements of river banks and water reservoirs should be evaluated as good. The flexible strengthening in a form of a stone coating was in the worst, though still satisfactory, condition.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL CONDITIONS OF BANK PROTECTION OF WATERCOURSES AND RESERVOIRS IN THE CITY OF POZNAŃ","authors":"M. Hämmerling, N. Walczak, Z. Walczak, P. Zawadzki","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of study The aim of presented paper was to assess the technical conditions of bank protection in Poznań on following hydrotechnical structures: the Warta River, Cybina River, Malta Lake, Rusałka Lake, Bogdanka River, Sołackie Ponds and the Główna River. Materials and methods Both river banks and reservoirs in cities require a specific approach. Natural processes (sediment accumulation, surface runoff, seepage) and human activity (including thoughtless acts of vandalism) force the need for continuous monitoring of banks and taking targeted measures to ensure safety in their vicinity. Properly designed, constructed and maintained reinforcements allows for long-term protection of embankments against damage and protect city residents against flooding. In Poznań, access to the banks of the Warta River and its tributaries is unlimited. Along the waterway there are walking and cycling paths. There are water barrages on the watercourses and reservoirs are among the most attractive spots in the parks. The largest artificial reservoir, Malta Lake on the Cybina River, has a regatta course and a small beach, meaning it is under strong anthropopressure. The stands of regatta course and its technical facilities are utilised during mass events by thousands of water sports enthusiasts. From the first warm days of spring, the banks of the Warta on the downtown section are occupied by Poznań citizens. Open at 4 city beaches water equipment rentals offer kayaks and motorized boats. Results and conclusions The overall condition of checked reinforcements of river banks and water reservoirs should be evaluated as good. The flexible strengthening in a form of a stone coating was in the worst, though still satisfactory, condition.","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90255219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.19
Ł. Borek, Kraków, Karolina Drymajło, T. Consulting
{"title":"THE ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR INCREASING THE WATER RESOURCES: THE CASE OF THE NIDA RIVER VALLEY","authors":"Ł. Borek, Kraków, Karolina Drymajło, T. Consulting","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"688 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76281178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.31
A. Chorostyński, M. Kaczmarski, A. Łach, M. Wrona
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SPRING WATERS FROM LESKO IN TERMS OF THEIR MEDICAL PROPERTIES","authors":"A. Chorostyński, M. Kaczmarski, A. Łach, M. Wrona","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77520874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.85
T. Siuta, A. Mączałowski
{"title":"EVALUATION OF VORTEX FLOW CONTROLS EFFICIENCY BASED ON CFD NUMERICAL MODELLING","authors":"T. Siuta, A. Mączałowski","doi":"10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2019.18.3.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51904,"journal":{"name":"Acta Scientiarum Polonorum-Formatio Circumiectus","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75872521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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