Berliner Journal Fur Soziologie最新文献

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib), characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis, neutropenia, and neutrophil dysfunction, is caused by a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT). Neutropenia in GSD-Ib has been known to result from enhanced apoptosis of neutrophils. However, it has also been raised that neutrophil maturation arrest in the bone marrow would contribute to neutropenia. We now show that G6pt^-/- mice exhibit severe neutropenia and impaired neutrophil differentiation in the bone marrow. To investigate the role of G6PT in myeloid progenitor cells, the G6PT gene was mutated using CRISPR/Cas9 system, and single cell-derived G6PT^-/- human promyelocyte HL-60 cell lines were established. The G6PT^-/- HL-60s exhibited impaired neutrophil differentiation, which is associated with two mechanisms: (i) abnormal lipid metabolism causing a delayed metabolic reprogramming and (ii) reduced nuclear transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in G6PT^-/- HL-60s. In this study, we demonstrated that G6PT is essential for neutrophil differentiation of myeloid progenitor cells and regulates PPARγ activity.

The economic difficulties following the COVID-19 pandemic have seemingly reinforced the need for geographic restructuring and a reshoring of production, as they have demonstrated the vulnerability of globalized production. This article provides an assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the geographies of production. Criticizing overly simplified perspectives on globalization, the article argues that global production networks are multiscalar and politically shaped phenomena. Based on these theoretical considerations and case studies on the automotive, electronics and clothing industries, the article concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be interpreted as a trigger for a general retreat from global manufacturing, but it reinforced longer-standing shifts toward more multipolar production and consumption structures. While the issue of global production network resilience has attracted greater attention in corporate strategies and industrial policies, the localization and regionalization of production networks is only one of several strategies, and it has hardly been implemented so far. Ongoing disruptions of supply chains, increased transport costs, and, above all, geopolitically and environmentally motivated policies could well lead to greater re- or nearshoring. Political efforts in this direction are, however, limited by pre-existing global economic development paths and the balance of power associated with them. In the conclusions, the article stresses the necessity of a politically motivated restructuring of global production networks in the context of an urgently needed social-ecological transformation.

The article examines the importance of social class in shaping solidarity orientations in Austria, especially with regard to welfare state arrangements and solidarity with refugees. It builds on 48 interviews conducted between 2016 and 2019. Distinguishing multiple dimensions of solidarity, the paper builds a typology of seven solidarity configurations, which are then systematically related to the class position of interviewees articulating them. In that context, not only objective class positions, but also latent mechanisms of habitus formation are taken into account. In so doing, the paper indicates how solidarity configurations of both privileged and non-privileged interviewees are shaped, but not determined by class. This casts new light on meaningful differences in the scope, conditions and underlying normative principles of distinct solidarity configurations. Class is key to understanding how attitudes towards the community of welfare solidarity are tied to specific preferences as to who should be included in and excluded from that community.