{"title":"Book review - Language and Text. Data, Models, Information and Applications. By Pawłowski, A., Mačutek, J., Embleton, S., Mikros, G. (Eds.). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. 2021","authors":"E. Kelih","doi":"10.53482/2022_53_403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2022_53_403","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84298915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the differences in the mean dependency distances (MDDs) of the English essays in a learner corpus, focusing on the different proficiency levels of learners, and the different dependency types. This study is based on the following three assumptions. Firstly, the MDDs of learners' production increase as proficiency levels increase. Secondly, there is an upper limit over which MDDs do not exceed, as predicted by the Dependency Distance Minimization principle. Finally, different types of dependencies show different tendencies across learners of different proficiency levels. This study attempts to verify these assumptions with substantial learner corpus data, categorized into subcorpora according to learner proficiency. Corpus analyses yield results that support these assumptions. These results are expected to constitute a prerequisite for employing the MDD of an individual learner's production to evaluate his or her proficiency level.
{"title":"Differences of Mean Dependency Distances of English Essays Written by Learners of Different Proficiency Levels","authors":"M. Oya","doi":"10.53482/2022_53_400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2022_53_400","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the differences in the mean dependency distances (MDDs) of the English essays in a learner corpus, focusing on the different proficiency levels of learners, and the different dependency types. This study is based on the following three assumptions. Firstly, the MDDs of learners' production increase as proficiency levels increase. Secondly, there is an upper limit over which MDDs do not exceed, as predicted by the Dependency Distance Minimization principle. Finally, different types of dependencies show different tendencies across learners of different proficiency levels. This study attempts to verify these assumptions with substantial learner corpus data, categorized into subcorpora according to learner proficiency. Corpus analyses yield results that support these assumptions. These results are expected to constitute a prerequisite for employing the MDD of an individual learner's production to evaluate his or her proficiency level.","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89822148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Happy Birthday Glottometrics ? On the Occasion of the 50th Issue and 20th Anniversary","authors":"E. Kelih, Radek Čech, Ján Mačutek","doi":"10.53482/383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/383","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial Note","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75724063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the degree to which Persian orthography deviates from transparency is quantified and evaluated. We investigate the relations between graphemes and phonemes in Persian, in which the writing system is not fully representative of the spoken language, mostly due to the omission of the short-vowel graphemes. We measure the degree of the Persian orthographic system transparency using a heuristic mathematical model. We apply the same measures to orthographic systems of other languages and compare the results to those obtained for Persian. The results show a relatively high degree of transparency in Persian when it comes to writing, but a low degree of transparency when it comes to reading. We also consider models that avoid the problems related to the short vowels in Persian and these models demonstrate a considerable decrease of the uncertainty in the Persian orthographic system.
{"title":"The Ambiguity of the Relations between Graphemes and Phonemes in the Persian Orthographic System","authors":"Tayebeh Mosavi Miangah, R. Vulanović","doi":"10.53482/2021_50_385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2021_50_385","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the degree to which Persian orthography deviates from transparency is quantified and evaluated. We investigate the relations between graphemes and phonemes in Persian, in which the writing system is not fully representative of the spoken language, mostly due to the omission of the short-vowel graphemes. We measure the degree of the Persian orthographic system transparency using a heuristic mathematical model. We apply the same measures to orthographic systems of other languages and compare the results to those obtained for Persian. The results show a relatively high degree of transparency in Persian when it comes to writing, but a low degree of transparency when it comes to reading. We also consider models that avoid the problems related to the short vowels in Persian and these models demonstrate a considerable decrease of the uncertainty in the Persian orthographic system.","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76628527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many authors have examined the influence of loanwords in languages using statistical methods. However, English loanwords in Mongolian are rarely studied in quantitative linguistics. The results of the present study show that English loanwords in Mongolian share the universal feature of other tested languages, as their frequency distribution abides by Zipf’s Law. In addition, we define and test nine English loanword models depending on borrowing method and parts of speech, and find that the results can be described using a power function.
{"title":"English Loanwords in Mongolian Usage","authors":"Minna Bao, Saheya Brintag, Dabhurbayar Huang","doi":"10.53482/2021_50_386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2021_50_386","url":null,"abstract":"Many authors have examined the influence of loanwords in languages using statistical methods. However, English loanwords in Mongolian are rarely studied in quantitative linguistics. The results of the present study show that English loanwords in Mongolian share the universal feature of other tested languages, as their frequency distribution abides by Zipf’s Law. In addition, we define and test nine English loanword models depending on borrowing method and parts of speech, and find that the results can be described using a power function.","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77509804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a novel quantitative approach for classification of authors' stylistics and gender differences based on extraction of word collocation. The proposed algorithm attenuates previously described issues of text processing using the vector models. We demonstrate the approach by analyzing a corpus of Russian prose. We discuss different approaches for classification and identification of the author's style implemented by currently-available software solutions and libraries of morphological analysis, methods of parameterization, indexing of texts, artificial intelligence algorithms and knowledge extraction. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and relative advantage of regression decision tree methods in identifying informative frequency indexes in a way that lends itself to their logical interpretation. We develop a toolkit for conducting comparative experiments to assess the effectiveness of classification of natural language text data, using vector, set-theoretic and the author's set-theoretic with collocation extraction models of text representation. Comparing the ability of different methods to identify the style and gender differences of authors of fiction works, we find that the proposed approach incorporating collocation information alleviates some of the previously identified deficiencies and yields overall improvements in the classification accuracy.
{"title":"Automatic Identification of Authors' Stylistics and Gender on the Basis of the Corpus of Russian Fiction Using Extended Set-theoretic Model with Collocation Extraction","authors":"Alexandr Osochkin, X. Piotrowska, Vladimir Fomin","doi":"10.53482/2021_50_389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2021_50_389","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel quantitative approach for classification of authors' stylistics and gender differences based on extraction of word collocation. The proposed algorithm attenuates previously described issues of text processing using the vector models. We demonstrate the approach by analyzing a corpus of Russian prose. We discuss different approaches for classification and identification of the author's style implemented by currently-available software solutions and libraries of morphological analysis, methods of parameterization, indexing of texts, artificial intelligence algorithms and knowledge extraction. Our results demonstrate the efficiency and relative advantage of regression decision tree methods in identifying informative frequency indexes in a way that lends itself to their logical interpretation. We develop a toolkit for conducting comparative experiments to assess the effectiveness of classification of natural language text data, using vector, set-theoretic and the author's set-theoretic with collocation extraction models of text representation. Comparing the ability of different methods to identify the style and gender differences of authors of fiction works, we find that the proposed approach incorporating collocation information alleviates some of the previously identified deficiencies and yields overall improvements in the classification accuracy.","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74469088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Happy Birthday Glottometrics – On the Occasion of the 50th Issue and 20th Anniversary","authors":"E. Kelih, Radek Čech, Ján Mačutek","doi":"10.53482/2021_50_383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2021_50_383","url":null,"abstract":"Editorial Note","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79196468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the syllabic structure of Tatar words using fiction text data. Syllable construction rules are unique for each language as they are determined by the laws that govern its specific internal structure. However, the issue of the syllable finds a rather superficial description in Tatar grammars. Thus, possible correlations of the syllable structure with morphological features of the language will be examined in this paper. We analyze the distribution of syllable types in Tatar texts and represent their ranked frequencies and theoretical values fitted by means of the Zipf Mandelbrot distribution. The main part of the study is devoted to inquiry into the structure of initial and final syllables. We proceed from the hypothesis that distributions of syllable structures in word-initial and word-final positions should be marked by statistically important differences due to discriminative structural features of stems and affixal chains. The study is based on a selection of obstruent and sonorant consonants. To evaluate statistical significance of these differences, the well-known chi square test is applied.
{"title":"Initial and Final Syllables in Tatar: from Phonotactics to Morphology","authors":"A. Galieva, Zhanna Vavilova","doi":"10.53482/2021_50_388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2021_50_388","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the syllabic structure of Tatar words using fiction text data. Syllable construction rules are unique for each language as they are determined by the laws that govern its specific internal structure. However, the issue of the syllable finds a rather superficial description in Tatar grammars. Thus, possible correlations of the syllable structure with morphological features of the language will be examined in this paper. We analyze the distribution of syllable types in Tatar texts and represent their ranked frequencies and theoretical values fitted by means of the Zipf Mandelbrot distribution. The main part of the study is devoted to inquiry into the structure of initial and final syllables. We proceed from the hypothesis that distributions of syllable structures in word-initial and word-final positions should be marked by statistically important differences due to discriminative structural features of stems and affixal chains. The study is based on a selection of obstruent and sonorant consonants. To evaluate statistical significance of these differences, the well-known chi square test is applied.","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85444903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nominal modification works to describe and restrict noun phrases, making the information delivery more vivid and precise. In English, the communicative functions of different modification patterns of head-nouns have been studied in a lot of corpus-based investigations of the written and the spoken registers, but few corpus-based register studies have been ever conducted in Chinese. This research takes the initiative attempt to conduct a corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns across registers. A one-million-word corpus including both written and spoken Chinese is first built and all the modification patterns of noun phrases are extracted in Chunker, a self-developed colligation query and analysis tool. Through classification of modification patterns and statistical processing, the study displays the distributions of simple and complex modification patterns and the relationship between the frequency of modification patterns and the information density across registers and discusses the functional implication of such distributions and relationship under the guidance of Biber’s register theory.
{"title":"A corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns of nouns across registers","authors":"Dan Zhang, Minglu Xu, Yunhua Qu","doi":"10.53482/2021_51_392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53482/2021_51_392","url":null,"abstract":"Nominal modification works to describe and restrict noun phrases, making the information delivery more vivid and precise. In English, the communicative functions of different modification patterns of head-nouns have been studied in a lot of corpus-based investigations of the written and the spoken registers, but few corpus-based register studies have been ever conducted in Chinese. This research takes the initiative attempt to conduct a corpus-based study on Chinese modification patterns across registers. A one-million-word corpus including both written and spoken Chinese is first built and all the modification patterns of noun phrases are extracted in Chunker, a self-developed colligation query and analysis tool. Through classification of modification patterns and statistical processing, the study displays the distributions of simple and complex modification patterns and the relationship between the frequency of modification patterns and the information density across registers and discusses the functional implication of such distributions and relationship under the guidance of Biber’s register theory.","PeriodicalId":51918,"journal":{"name":"Glottometrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74101884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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