Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2019.17.02
S. Androsov
The activities and work of architect Domenico Trezzini (1670–1734),and the masters that arrived in Russia with him, have been researchedfor a long time, and many contentions have been concretised ordisproven at various times. This article focuses on the issue of howmasters from a single area – Ticino, Switzerland – ended up creatingimportant fortifications, palaces and churches in the Russian Empireduring the reign of Peter the Great at the beginning of 18th century.The author describes the movement of Trezzini and the Ticino mastersfrom Copenhagen to Moscow as reported in various historical sourcesand the works of Danish and Russian researchers.
{"title":"DOMENICO TREZZINI E ALTRI MAESTRI TICINESI A PIETROBURGO E TALLINN ALL’INIZIO DEL SETTECENTO","authors":"S. Androsov","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2019.17.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2019.17.02","url":null,"abstract":"The activities and work of architect Domenico Trezzini (1670–1734),and the masters that arrived in Russia with him, have been researchedfor a long time, and many contentions have been concretised ordisproven at various times. This article focuses on the issue of howmasters from a single area – Ticino, Switzerland – ended up creatingimportant fortifications, palaces and churches in the Russian Empireduring the reign of Peter the Great at the beginning of 18th century.The author describes the movement of Trezzini and the Ticino mastersfrom Copenhagen to Moscow as reported in various historical sourcesand the works of Danish and Russian researchers.","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2019.17.07
Kaur Alttoa
{"title":"EINIGE KORREKTUREN BEZÜGLICH DER KIRCHEN ST. JACOBI IN RIGA UND DER ZU LUGGENHUSEN (LÜGANUSE) IN WIERLAND (VIRUMAA)","authors":"Kaur Alttoa","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2019.17.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2019.17.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42761609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2019.17.06
T. Tatar
In the traditional study of humanities non-humanitarian inputinto the study of culture has usually been rejected. According tohumanist theories, only the meanings and values derived fromhistory and culture can be attributed to art. Recently a disciplineknown as neuroaesthetics has risen to the fore from among thevarious disciplines that use non-humanitarian methods to approachthe subject of aesthetics. Triggered by the invention of varioustechnological devices (EEG, fMRI, PET), neuroaesthetics is nowbeing used to tackle the role of the brain in the processes of creation,reception and even thinking about arts.When introducing new perspectives, such as neuroaesthetics, it isimportant to acknowledge the limitations of the different methods.A narrow reductional approach to art and the brain clearly does notsuffice – a satisfactory explanation must also involve non-physicalfactors, such as knowledge about the history of art. On the otherhand, as with any theoretical approach, the explanatory capacityof neuroaesthetics varies when applied to different kinds of art.Neuroaesthetic theories tend to stress the visual, mimetic andemotional nature of art, often associating artistic features with theactivity of the visual brain as well as evolutionary psychology.Instead of stressing historic and local differences and culturalexceptions, researchers with a natural sciences background tend to search for the universal qualities of art. This appears to beirreconcilable with the institutional theory of art that implicitlyunderlies the entire contemporary paradigm of art. It can be assumedthat some of the reasoning behind the sceptical attitude shared bymost mainstream humanitarian discourse is hidden in this conflict.It can even be claimed that, under the banner of institutionalist ideas,the art of the modernist period constituted a systematic negation ofthe conditions of art prescribed by the universal qualities of art basedon the laws of the brain. Therefore, one of the challenges in this earlyphase of the biologically and psychologically based analysis of artshould be to shed light on this inherent and ideological bias that isdeeply rooted in the humanistic discourse of arts.
{"title":"THE POSSIBILITY OF A BRIDGE. PERSPECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS OF NEUROAESTHETICS","authors":"T. Tatar","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2019.17.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2019.17.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the traditional study of humanities non-humanitarian inputinto the study of culture has usually been rejected. According tohumanist theories, only the meanings and values derived fromhistory and culture can be attributed to art. Recently a disciplineknown as neuroaesthetics has risen to the fore from among thevarious disciplines that use non-humanitarian methods to approachthe subject of aesthetics. Triggered by the invention of varioustechnological devices (EEG, fMRI, PET), neuroaesthetics is nowbeing used to tackle the role of the brain in the processes of creation,reception and even thinking about arts.When introducing new perspectives, such as neuroaesthetics, it isimportant to acknowledge the limitations of the different methods.A narrow reductional approach to art and the brain clearly does notsuffice – a satisfactory explanation must also involve non-physicalfactors, such as knowledge about the history of art. On the otherhand, as with any theoretical approach, the explanatory capacityof neuroaesthetics varies when applied to different kinds of art.Neuroaesthetic theories tend to stress the visual, mimetic andemotional nature of art, often associating artistic features with theactivity of the visual brain as well as evolutionary psychology.Instead of stressing historic and local differences and culturalexceptions, researchers with a natural sciences background tend to search for the universal qualities of art. This appears to beirreconcilable with the institutional theory of art that implicitlyunderlies the entire contemporary paradigm of art. It can be assumedthat some of the reasoning behind the sceptical attitude shared bymost mainstream humanitarian discourse is hidden in this conflict.It can even be claimed that, under the banner of institutionalist ideas,the art of the modernist period constituted a systematic negation ofthe conditions of art prescribed by the universal qualities of art basedon the laws of the brain. Therefore, one of the challenges in this earlyphase of the biologically and psychologically based analysis of artshould be to shed light on this inherent and ideological bias that isdeeply rooted in the humanistic discourse of arts.","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.12697/bjah.2019.17.06","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.16.08
James R. Hopkins
{"title":"The Disciplinary Development of University Buildings: Medicine and Manchester","authors":"James R. Hopkins","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.16.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.16.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45227097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.16.02
R. Bowdler
{"title":"Landscapes of Learning: Gardens and Grounds at England’s Older Universities 1550–1800","authors":"R. Bowdler","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.16.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.16.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47945591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.16.09
M. Hebbert
Two things are clear from the abundant literature on the design of universities. Firstly, it is rash to generalise. The world’s regions operate on differing trajectories. Their universities vary enormously in size, shape and content. Each has its own narrative and geographical context. They are individuals. But, secondly, they are also historical actors, susceptible to social trends and the cultural Zeitgeist. University architecture embodies historical change. Nowhere is this more evident than in the relationship between town and gown, campus and city.1 Historically, the nexus between
{"title":"From Campus Landscapes to Knowledge Quarters: How Learning Returned to Its Urban Roots","authors":"M. Hebbert","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.16.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.16.09","url":null,"abstract":"Two things are clear from the abundant literature on the design of universities. Firstly, it is rash to generalise. The world’s regions operate on differing trajectories. Their universities vary enormously in size, shape and content. Each has its own narrative and geographical context. They are individuals. But, secondly, they are also historical actors, susceptible to social trends and the cultural Zeitgeist. University architecture embodies historical change. Nowhere is this more evident than in the relationship between town and gown, campus and city.1 Historically, the nexus between","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46776447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.16.03
Lea Leppik
{"title":"University of Tartu Professor in the University Landscape (in the First Third of the 19th Century)","authors":"Lea Leppik","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.16.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.16.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45657761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.16.05
G. Smirnov
The first ideas for creating a university in Russia came from Tsar Peter the Great, who discussed this with Leibniz. The great German philosopher suggested that the Tsar open universities in several cities, that is, in Moscow, St Petersburg, Astrakhan and Kiev, to include the important regions of the vast territory of Russian Empire1. One year before his death, on the 12 January 1724, Peter the Great founded the Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg, which should have included a university. But, actually, the latter did not operate properly. It was not until the mid-18th century, at the very beginning of the Enlightenment in Russia, that the first university was founded in Moscow. It was established at the initiative of, and according to the programme of, two prominent figures in Russian history – the scientist Mikhail Lomonosov and statesman Count Ivan Shuvalov, who both undoubtedly had the models of European universities in mind. Lomonosov had spent three years in Germany at Marburg University, where he studied under the guidance of the famous Christian Wolf. Count Shuvalov had A Description of Oxford University in his library, which had been published in 1675 and included 65
{"title":"The Architectural Image of Moscow University: A Temple of the Enlightenment or a City Manor?","authors":"G. Smirnov","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.16.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.16.05","url":null,"abstract":"The first ideas for creating a university in Russia came from Tsar Peter the Great, who discussed this with Leibniz. The great German philosopher suggested that the Tsar open universities in several cities, that is, in Moscow, St Petersburg, Astrakhan and Kiev, to include the important regions of the vast territory of Russian Empire1. One year before his death, on the 12 January 1724, Peter the Great founded the Academy of Sciences in St Petersburg, which should have included a university. But, actually, the latter did not operate properly. It was not until the mid-18th century, at the very beginning of the Enlightenment in Russia, that the first university was founded in Moscow. It was established at the initiative of, and according to the programme of, two prominent figures in Russian history – the scientist Mikhail Lomonosov and statesman Count Ivan Shuvalov, who both undoubtedly had the models of European universities in mind. Lomonosov had spent three years in Germany at Marburg University, where he studied under the guidance of the famous Christian Wolf. Count Shuvalov had A Description of Oxford University in his library, which had been published in 1675 and included 65","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44845468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.16.06
Gulchachak Nugmanova
The first university in Russia ‘based on the example of the European universities’ was opened in 1755 in Moscow. Between 1802 and 1804, a system of universities covered the entire country and six imperial universities became the centres of educational districts. The emergence of the universities in Russia is related to the country’s cultural orientation on the values of European civilisation. Established by the supreme power, the university concept was first seen as an instrument for the Europeanisation of the population. It was an educational project supported entirely by the state and aimed at the upbringing of a new type of imperial subject who would think in the European way. In the 19th century, German universities served as the model for Russian schools of higher education after the reform of the University of Göttingen, and thereafter based on the development of the so-called classic university modelled on Humboldt’s concept.1 Russian universities should ‘do their best to make sure Russian science is on a par with the science in other
{"title":"Kazan University: Western Concepts, Imperial Power and Urban Transformations in a 19th Century Russian Provincial City Introduction","authors":"Gulchachak Nugmanova","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.16.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.16.06","url":null,"abstract":"The first university in Russia ‘based on the example of the European universities’ was opened in 1755 in Moscow. Between 1802 and 1804, a system of universities covered the entire country and six imperial universities became the centres of educational districts. The emergence of the universities in Russia is related to the country’s cultural orientation on the values of European civilisation. Established by the supreme power, the university concept was first seen as an instrument for the Europeanisation of the population. It was an educational project supported entirely by the state and aimed at the upbringing of a new type of imperial subject who would think in the European way. In the 19th century, German universities served as the model for Russian schools of higher education after the reform of the University of Göttingen, and thereafter based on the development of the so-called classic university modelled on Humboldt’s concept.1 Russian universities should ‘do their best to make sure Russian science is on a par with the science in other","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66669788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-28DOI: 10.12697/bjah.2018.15.07
G. Vogel
Architecture for Teaching, Learning and Research: Academic Architectureat German Universities in the European Context from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment
教学、学习和研究用建筑：中世纪至启蒙时期欧洲背景下的德国大学学术建筑
{"title":"Architecture for Teaching, Learning and Research: Academic Architecture at German Universities in the European Context from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment","authors":"G. Vogel","doi":"10.12697/bjah.2018.15.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12697/bjah.2018.15.07","url":null,"abstract":"Architecture for Teaching, Learning and Research: Academic Architectureat German Universities in the European Context from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment","PeriodicalId":52089,"journal":{"name":"Baltic Journal of Art History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44641242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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