Recently, feed-in-tariff (FIT) is no longer under government’s preference due to fiscal support limits and reluctance of utility to purchase RE-based electricity at higher price. Indeed, the absence of any incentives will significantly impact to renewable market growth. Therefore, net metering/billing implemented, but sometimes its price is unfairly offered in comparison with utility retail price. To seek more interesting model that can benefit to government utility and people, a so-called mechanism peer-to-peer (P2P) is proposed as alternative solution in this study. This study investigates an applicability of this new energy trading mechanism in vertically integrated unit electricity market (regulated market), by comparing this mechanism with the existing mechanism e.g. net metering/billing. The P2P was studied using a built-own optimization tool (in excel base) to determine its economic analysis, its market price and cost-benefit for utility and P2P participants. As a result, using P2P, each participant which install solar photovoltaic (solar PV) can fasten their payback period up to 2 years from its net metering payback, raise internal rate of return (IRR) by 2-3%, obtain 500 US$ net present value (NPV) for prosumer only (a consumer with electricity generator such as solar PV) and 3,000 US$ for prosumer with storage system in comparison with its analysis with existing net metering. Besides, P2P also brings monetized benefits for a single-buyer utility than its lost market. This study also show that P2P is institutionally feasible for regulated market with any restriction to sell electricity from non-utility entities.
{"title":"Cost benefit analysis for peer-to-peer mechanism in residential sector of a single buyer electricity market","authors":"A. D. Pranadi, E. Setiawan","doi":"10.30521/jes.748138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.748138","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, feed-in-tariff (FIT) is no longer under government’s preference due to fiscal support limits and reluctance of utility to purchase RE-based electricity at higher price. Indeed, the absence of any incentives will significantly impact to renewable market growth. Therefore, net metering/billing implemented, but sometimes its price is unfairly offered in comparison with utility retail price. To seek more interesting model that can benefit to government utility and people, a so-called mechanism peer-to-peer (P2P) is proposed as alternative solution in this study. This study investigates an applicability of this new energy trading mechanism in vertically integrated unit electricity market (regulated market), by comparing this mechanism with the existing mechanism e.g. net metering/billing. The P2P was studied using a built-own optimization tool (in excel base) to determine its economic analysis, its market price and cost-benefit for utility and P2P participants. As a result, using P2P, each participant which install solar photovoltaic (solar PV) can fasten their payback period up to 2 years from its net metering payback, raise internal rate of return (IRR) by 2-3%, obtain 500 US$ net present value (NPV) for prosumer only (a consumer with electricity generator such as solar PV) and 3,000 US$ for prosumer with storage system in comparison with its analysis with existing net metering. Besides, P2P also brings monetized benefits for a single-buyer utility than its lost market. This study also show that P2P is institutionally feasible for regulated market with any restriction to sell electricity from non-utility entities.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48159850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Fractional order sliding mode control (FOSMC) strategy for a solar based DC-AC inverter is presented in this work. First FOSMC is implemented to voltage source inverter with a fixed DC input voltage of 400V to drive a load of 2.3 kW at a power factor of 0.8 lag. Here the load voltage and current through capacitor as state variables and a linear sliding surface are considered. FOSMC using Gao’s reaching law is derived for inverter circuit. FOSMC is implemented at load bus to control output voltage of inverter with linear and nonlinear loads to desired values. FOSMC controls the output voltage with good voltage regulation, less steady state error of 1.32 %, settling time of 0.15 ms, good dynamic response, and convergence to origin with less chattering compared to classical SMC. FOSMC based solar based VSI is presented. The maximum power from PV array is extracted using P&O MPPT algorithm. A boost converter is used to step up input voltage of 200 V to 400 V. P-V and I-V characteristics are obtained for a typical solar cell of 2.5 kW FOSMC requires less control efforts to obtain a pure sinusoidal output voltage waveform of 230 V (rms) with output voltage THD of 0.135% well within IEEE standards. PSCAD/EMTDC v4.6 is used for simulation work
{"title":"Robust fractional order sliding mode control for solar based DC-AC inverter","authors":"Shaik Silar Saheb, S. Gudey","doi":"10.30521/jes.737264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.737264","url":null,"abstract":": Fractional order sliding mode control (FOSMC) strategy for a solar based DC-AC inverter is presented in this work. First FOSMC is implemented to voltage source inverter with a fixed DC input voltage of 400V to drive a load of 2.3 kW at a power factor of 0.8 lag. Here the load voltage and current through capacitor as state variables and a linear sliding surface are considered. FOSMC using Gao’s reaching law is derived for inverter circuit. FOSMC is implemented at load bus to control output voltage of inverter with linear and nonlinear loads to desired values. FOSMC controls the output voltage with good voltage regulation, less steady state error of 1.32 %, settling time of 0.15 ms, good dynamic response, and convergence to origin with less chattering compared to classical SMC. FOSMC based solar based VSI is presented. The maximum power from PV array is extracted using P&O MPPT algorithm. A boost converter is used to step up input voltage of 200 V to 400 V. P-V and I-V characteristics are obtained for a typical solar cell of 2.5 kW FOSMC requires less control efforts to obtain a pure sinusoidal output voltage waveform of 230 V (rms) with output voltage THD of 0.135% well within IEEE standards. PSCAD/EMTDC v4.6 is used for simulation work","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48544103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kamaraj, Thamizhselvan Thamizharasu, Vishnupriya M
: This paper discusses about a fuzzy PI controlled three-stage soft switched interleaved boost converter with improved switching method. The proposed fuzzy PI controller has been compared with theproportional integral controller. The proposed fuzzy PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost converter model has been developed and tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Performance of the designed controller is tested under different loading constraints and step change for reference voltage conditions. Four performance parameters are taken consideration for the analyses such as integral of time multiplied absolute error, integral of squared error, integral of absolute error, and settling time for an effective comparison. From the simulation results, fuzzy PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost controller has exhibited better performance than PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost converter. Experimental verification has also been conducted to check the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost converter.
{"title":"Voltage Regulation of soft switched Interleaved Boost Converter Using Fuzzy Proportional Integral Controller","authors":"P. Kamaraj, Thamizhselvan Thamizharasu, Vishnupriya M","doi":"10.30521/jes.762506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.762506","url":null,"abstract":": This paper discusses about a fuzzy PI controlled three-stage soft switched interleaved boost converter with improved switching method. The proposed fuzzy PI controller has been compared with theproportional integral controller. The proposed fuzzy PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost converter model has been developed and tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Performance of the designed controller is tested under different loading constraints and step change for reference voltage conditions. Four performance parameters are taken consideration for the analyses such as integral of time multiplied absolute error, integral of squared error, integral of absolute error, and settling time for an effective comparison. From the simulation results, fuzzy PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost controller has exhibited better performance than PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost converter. Experimental verification has also been conducted to check the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy PI controlled soft switched interleaved boost converter.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48201547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heat loss/gain through the walls accounts for about 30% of the total building energy losses. Bricks are indispensable parts of buildings as a very common masonry wall unit; hence the present work aims at optimising thermal resistance of lightweight concrete hollow bricks through a CFD based numerical research. The optimisation is conducted over a certain number of independent variables such as hollow geometry and design, number of hollow rows across the heat transfer path and hollow depth for natural convection aspects within the hollow enclosure. A reliable CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 18.1 is utilised in the research. The accuracy of the CFD results is justified first through the reference model brick (RMB). Overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of RMB is determined to be 0.916 W/m2. K, which is in good accordance with the manufacturer’s data report (0.9 W/m2.K). Following this, parametric research is carried out for various scenarios to optimise the U-value as a function of brick mass. Based on the findings, the maximum improvement is found to be about 53% (U-value 0.43 W/m2. K) through the case of B48 which has an h-ratio of 1 (continuous hollow from top to bottom). Moreover, depending on the increase in h-ratio, it is achieved that the thermal performance of the bricks proportionally increases. The minimum weight of the brick design (B45) is found to be 7.645 kg and the corresponding U-value is obtained as 0.44 W/m2. K.
{"title":"Improving thermal resistance of lightweight concrete hollow bricks: A numerical optimisation research for a typical masonry unit","authors":"E. Cuce, Pinar Mert Cuce, A. Besir","doi":"10.30521/JES.775961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/JES.775961","url":null,"abstract":"Heat loss/gain through the walls accounts for about 30% of the total building energy losses. Bricks are indispensable parts of buildings as a very common masonry wall unit; hence the present work aims at optimising thermal resistance of lightweight concrete hollow bricks through a CFD based numerical research. The optimisation is conducted over a certain number of independent variables such as hollow geometry and design, number of hollow rows across the heat transfer path and hollow depth for natural convection aspects within the hollow enclosure. A reliable CFD software ANSYS FLUENT 18.1 is utilised in the research. The accuracy of the CFD results is justified first through the reference model brick (RMB). Overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of RMB is determined to be 0.916 W/m2. K, which is in good accordance with the manufacturer’s data report (0.9 W/m2.K). Following this, parametric research is carried out for various scenarios to optimise the U-value as a function of brick mass. Based on the findings, the maximum improvement is found to be about 53% (U-value 0.43 W/m2. K) through the case of B48 which has an h-ratio of 1 (continuous hollow from top to bottom). Moreover, depending on the increase in h-ratio, it is achieved that the thermal performance of the bricks proportionally increases. The minimum weight of the brick design (B45) is found to be 7.645 kg and the corresponding U-value is obtained as 0.44 W/m2. K.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays the advancement of technology and equipment to monitor the operating performance of power transformer has achieved a high level. So, the monitoring system enables the continued investigation of the operational work of power transformer parameters as well as the prevention of failures and enhance reliability. However, the monitoring of power transformers is of unquestionable value for the electrical power systems and consumers to have more reliability in supplying. Therefore, given that monitoring involves a considerable number of parameters and elements of transformers, in the present case the overview of the monitoring of some of the most important parameters has been taken into account. Thus, the paper includes the monitoring parameters such as; partial discharges, oil and winding temperatures, bushing currents, tap changer, moisture and dissolved gas analysis. Also, in the paper are presented data for the operation of these parameters in different periods as well as with different loading regimes. The reports of events that correspond to the operational performance of the transformer, which are a good cause for diagnosis and preliminary actions in transformers, are also presented.
{"title":"Monitoring parameters of power transformers in the electrical power system through smart devices","authors":"V. Rexhepi, Astrit Hulaj","doi":"10.30521/jes.724207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.724207","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the advancement of technology and equipment to monitor the operating performance of power transformer has achieved a high level. So, the monitoring system enables the continued investigation of the operational work of power transformer parameters as well as the prevention of failures and enhance reliability. However, the monitoring of power transformers is of unquestionable value for the electrical power systems and consumers to have more reliability in supplying. Therefore, given that monitoring involves a considerable number of parameters and elements of transformers, in the present case the overview of the monitoring of some of the most important parameters has been taken into account. Thus, the paper includes the monitoring parameters such as; partial discharges, oil and winding temperatures, bushing currents, tap changer, moisture and dissolved gas analysis. Also, in the paper are presented data for the operation of these parameters in different periods as well as with different loading regimes. The reports of events that correspond to the operational performance of the transformer, which are a good cause for diagnosis and preliminary actions in transformers, are also presented.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44529417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The very high annual heat demand of greenhouses is the most critical factor that increases production costs. Conventional methods are generally used to obtain the optimum temperature required for greenhouses. In these systems, greenhouse air is heated by a boiler and pipe networks are connected to it, and in this way, most of the heat energy is transferred from the greenhouse ceiling to the atmosphere. In addition, in the greenhouse, not only the air but also the soil should be heated in order not to spoil the roots of the plants. The objective of this research is to provide sustainable heating for greenhouse applications. For this purpose, an innovative heating system has been designed for greenhouse heating by using of solar energy and heat pump technologies. In this study, a new approach was presented by designing a novelty heat pump flow for the heat required in the greenhouse. With this design, not only greenhouse air but also the soil will be heated and the best conditions for the development of plants will be provided. In the system, an ethylene glycol water mixture was used to prevent damage caused by freezing. In addition, it is designed to provide sustainability with an auxiliary heater when solar radiation is insufficient. It is highly recommended to apply this presented system for all greenhouse types.
{"title":"Design of an innovative PV/T and heat pump system for greenhouse heating","authors":"Meltem Koşan, A. Akkoç, Ebubekir Dişli, M. Aktas","doi":"10.30521/jes.740587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.740587","url":null,"abstract":"The very high annual heat demand of greenhouses is the most critical factor that increases production costs. Conventional methods are generally used to obtain the optimum temperature required for greenhouses. In these systems, greenhouse air is heated by a boiler and pipe networks are connected to it, and in this way, most of the heat energy is transferred from the greenhouse ceiling to the atmosphere. In addition, in the greenhouse, not only the air but also the soil should be heated in order not to spoil the roots of the plants. The objective of this research is to provide sustainable heating for greenhouse applications. For this purpose, an innovative heating system has been designed for greenhouse heating by using of solar energy and heat pump technologies. In this study, a new approach was presented by designing a novelty heat pump flow for the heat required in the greenhouse. With this design, not only greenhouse air but also the soil will be heated and the best conditions for the development of plants will be provided. In the system, an ethylene glycol water mixture was used to prevent damage caused by freezing. In addition, it is designed to provide sustainability with an auxiliary heater when solar radiation is insufficient. It is highly recommended to apply this presented system for all greenhouse types.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46908623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sapna Tajbar, Lubna Rafiq, Sahar Bibi, Maha Saidullah
Renewable energy resources are safe and easy to access giving solution to the problems caused by non-renewable energy resources (fossil fuels etc.) and can balance the increasing demand of the electricity generation in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to utilize PVGIS module to estimate the solar electricity generation at six districts (such as Dir, Mansehra, Peshawar, Buner, Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) and Chitral) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. PVGIS is a web based interactive GIS system provided database (based on meteorological geostationary satellites e.g., Meteosat & GOES) which include monthly and yearly average values of the global solar irradiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces, as well as climatic parameters (i.e.; Linke atmospheric turbidity, the ratio of diffuse to global irradiation). Based on the PVGIS module, monthly averages of global irradiation were utilized to estimate the solar electricity generation at six locations of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The results showed that the daily as well as monthly electricity production (Ed and Em) and global irradiance (Hd and Hm) for all the districts are maximum in the months of March until October and minimum during January, February, November and December. The acquired results of the estimated electricity production (kWh) and the estimated irradiations (kwh/m2) per year from a PV system for the six districts exhibited that Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) district has highest estimated electricity production as well as estimated irradiations followed by Buner, Dir and Peshawar districts. It is concluded that PVGIS datasets can be used for the estimation of solar electricity generation and as a support system for the policy-making in the region.
{"title":"Photovoltaic Geographical Information System module for the estimation of solar electricity generation: A comparative study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan","authors":"Sapna Tajbar, Lubna Rafiq, Sahar Bibi, Maha Saidullah","doi":"10.30521/jes.690717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.690717","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy resources are safe and easy to access giving solution to the problems caused by non-renewable energy resources (fossil fuels etc.) and can balance the increasing demand of the electricity generation in Pakistan. The aim of this study was to utilize PVGIS module to estimate the solar electricity generation at six districts (such as Dir, Mansehra, Peshawar, Buner, Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) and Chitral) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. PVGIS is a web based interactive GIS system provided database (based on meteorological geostationary satellites e.g., Meteosat & GOES) which include monthly and yearly average values of the global solar irradiation on horizontal and inclined surfaces, as well as climatic parameters (i.e.; Linke atmospheric turbidity, the ratio of diffuse to global irradiation). Based on the PVGIS module, monthly averages of global irradiation were utilized to estimate the solar electricity generation at six locations of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The results showed that the daily as well as monthly electricity production (Ed and Em) and global irradiance (Hd and Hm) for all the districts are maximum in the months of March until October and minimum during January, February, November and December. The acquired results of the estimated electricity production (kWh) and the estimated irradiations (kwh/m2) per year from a PV system for the six districts exhibited that Dera Ismail Khan (DIK) district has highest estimated electricity production as well as estimated irradiations followed by Buner, Dir and Peshawar districts. It is concluded that PVGIS datasets can be used for the estimation of solar electricity generation and as a support system for the policy-making in the region.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42825247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mathematical models proposed in the literature are used to determine the grounding resistance value for electrical installations. These models are mathematical expressions that change according to grounding type and the mechanical properties of the grounding system elements. Besides, the inclusion of nonlinear terms is another important issue in the modeling studies. For the modeling of nonlinear systems and the analysis of the faults that may occur, the finite element analysis (FEA) approach provides realistic results. In the present study, the simulation of a grid fault that may occur in the grounding system of a sample wind turbine (WT) is modeled by 2D electrostatic solver in FEA software. The simulation results prove that the findings are similar to the realistic faults in the grounding system.
{"title":"A Comparative simulation on the grounding grid system of a wind turbine with FEA software","authors":"S. Balci, Ömerhan Helvaci","doi":"10.30521/jes.613724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.613724","url":null,"abstract":"The mathematical models proposed in the literature are used to determine the grounding resistance value for electrical installations. These models are mathematical expressions that change according to grounding type and the mechanical properties of the grounding system elements. Besides, the inclusion of nonlinear terms is another important issue in the modeling studies. For the modeling of nonlinear systems and the analysis of the faults that may occur, the finite element analysis (FEA) approach provides realistic results. In the present study, the simulation of a grid fault that may occur in the grounding system of a sample wind turbine (WT) is modeled by 2D electrostatic solver in FEA software. The simulation results prove that the findings are similar to the realistic faults in the grounding system.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41609507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An initial design for a power circuit of a new plasma system is proposed and implemented in MatLab code. The plasma device is a torus and requires an excitement of wires, which are wrapped around the torus for a toroidal field and a poloidal field coil placed at the outer part of the device. This poloidal coil structure ignites an electrical field inside the chamber and that yields to a circular magnetic field inside the plasma. The proposed electrical design for this poloidal field equipment has some components including the alternating current unit and the direct current one. The circuit first uses an ac-dc converter, in order to transfer the ac grid to the dc one. Then it uses a switching scheme and a discharge circuit. The operation voltages for the poloidal field are estimated to be 1 kV, respectively. It has been proven that the designed system can produce an almost dc current with 66 V fluctuation, which is under the limit of 6%, considering the high voltage of 1kV.
{"title":"A power circuit design for the poloidal field coils in a torus shaped plasma system","authors":"B. Dursun, E. Kurt, Mehmet Tekerek","doi":"10.30521/jes.609667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.609667","url":null,"abstract":"An initial design for a power circuit of a new plasma system is proposed and implemented in MatLab code. The plasma device is a torus and requires an excitement of wires, which are wrapped around the torus for a toroidal field and a poloidal field coil placed at the outer part of the device. This poloidal coil structure ignites an electrical field inside the chamber and that yields to a circular magnetic field inside the plasma. The proposed electrical design for this poloidal field equipment has some components including the alternating current unit and the direct current one. The circuit first uses an ac-dc converter, in order to transfer the ac grid to the dc one. Then it uses a switching scheme and a discharge circuit. The operation voltages for the poloidal field are estimated to be 1 kV, respectively. It has been proven that the designed system can produce an almost dc current with 66 V fluctuation, which is under the limit of 6%, considering the high voltage of 1kV.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42454703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article shows how to calculate greenhouse gas emissions of a family and emission reduction activities according to IPCC documents and ISO 14064-1 standards. In this study, direct and energy indirect emissions in 2017 are calculated. Then, within the scope of emission reduction activities, PV system installation, boiler exchange and led conversion are projected. As a result of the calculations, the total emission of the family is found to be 5,331 tons CO 2 -Eq. 84.1% of the total emission is direct emissions that is 4,484 tons CO 2 -Eq. The remaining 15.9% is energy indirect emission that is 0,847 tons CO 2 -Eq. Besides, 0,407 tons CO 2 -Eq from direct emission and 0,464 tons CO 2 -Eq from energy indirect emission are reduced. With the help of simple projections, we can reduce direct emissions by approximately 8%, while energy indirect emissions by about 55%. It is thought that the study will guide the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and will also help those who wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
{"title":"The calculation of greenhouse gas emissions of a family and projections for emission reduction","authors":"Mehmet Mustafa Yatarkalkmaz, M. Özdemir","doi":"10.30521/jes.566516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.566516","url":null,"abstract":"The article shows how to calculate greenhouse gas emissions of a family and emission reduction activities according to IPCC documents and ISO 14064-1 standards. In this study, direct and energy indirect emissions in 2017 are calculated. Then, within the scope of emission reduction activities, PV system installation, boiler exchange and led conversion are projected. As a result of the calculations, the total emission of the family is found to be 5,331 tons CO 2 -Eq. 84.1% of the total emission is direct emissions that is 4,484 tons CO 2 -Eq. The remaining 15.9% is energy indirect emission that is 0,847 tons CO 2 -Eq. Besides, 0,407 tons CO 2 -Eq from direct emission and 0,464 tons CO 2 -Eq from energy indirect emission are reduced. With the help of simple projections, we can reduce direct emissions by approximately 8%, while energy indirect emissions by about 55%. It is thought that the study will guide the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and will also help those who wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.","PeriodicalId":52308,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Energy Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70077223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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