Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.153
E. V. Dizhevskaya, D. Blinov
The Founder and Publisher became aware of a potential apparent conflict of interest – it is assumed that it is not entirely correct to continue to be the Editor-in-Chief at the “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal, being a member of the founders of an organization that has registered another journal with similar name. Therefore, the Founder of the “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal was forced to refuse further cooperation with the Editor-in-Chief. Information about a new Editor-in-Chief will be brought in a separate order. Also, informational support of any public organizations by the journal is suspended until the situation is clarified. The entire cycle of editorial processes is now fully controlled by the Irbis LLC. No changes in the operating team occurred. The “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal continues to be published as usual.
{"title":"The “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal Founder’s and Publisher's Statement","authors":"E. V. Dizhevskaya, D. Blinov","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2023.153","url":null,"abstract":"The Founder and Publisher became aware of a potential apparent conflict of interest – it is assumed that it is not entirely correct to continue to be the Editor-in-Chief at the “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal, being a member of the founders of an organization that has registered another journal with similar name. Therefore, the Founder of the “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal was forced to refuse further cooperation with the Editor-in-Chief. Information about a new Editor-in-Chief will be brought in a separate order. Also, informational support of any public organizations by the journal is suspended until the situation is clarified. The entire cycle of editorial processes is now fully controlled by the Irbis LLC. No changes in the operating team occurred. The “Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions” Journal continues to be published as usual.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74744453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.132
T. G. Makhado, R. T. Lebese, M. Maputle
Background. Epilepsy is a frequent neurological condition with complicated effects, and it is characterized by seizures that can last quite a long time. It is important that people around treat epilepsy patients with understanding and be able to help them during seizures.Objective: to determine the perceptions of teachers regarding epilepsy education being included in life skills education considering that teachers spend a great deal of time with school students.Material and methods. The study employed an exploratory-descriptive design to explore primary school teachers' perceptions regarding the need to include epilepsy in life skills education. It was conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa. Data were collected from 20 primary school teachers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga using semi-structured interviews. Only primary school teachers who teach life skills were interviewed to reach data saturation.Results. The respondents revealed their knowledge that epilepsy is a disease associated with falling, shivering movements/ seizures, releasing saliva in a bubble foam, and being unconscious. However, they showed insufficient understanding regarding some aspects and expressed the opinion that there is a need of including epilepsy in life skills education, because it will assist the learners and teachers in knowing more about epilepsy. The participants consider that since epileptic seizure is an unpredictable condition that can happen to anyone, at any time, they feel it is important that learners and teachers are educated about it. For this purpose, they suggested various teaching methods and the necessary areas of knowledge about epilepsy.Conclusion. The findings of the study revealed that the inclusion of epilepsy in life skills education will enhance the knowledge and understanding of epilepsy through learning the aspects that have been suggested by the participants.
{"title":"Perceptions of teachers regarding the inclusion of epilepsy education in life skills for primary learners and teachers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces (South Africa)","authors":"T. G. Makhado, R. T. Lebese, M. Maputle","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.132","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Epilepsy is a frequent neurological condition with complicated effects, and it is characterized by seizures that can last quite a long time. It is important that people around treat epilepsy patients with understanding and be able to help them during seizures.Objective: to determine the perceptions of teachers regarding epilepsy education being included in life skills education considering that teachers spend a great deal of time with school students.Material and methods. The study employed an exploratory-descriptive design to explore primary school teachers' perceptions regarding the need to include epilepsy in life skills education. It was conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces in South Africa. Data were collected from 20 primary school teachers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga using semi-structured interviews. Only primary school teachers who teach life skills were interviewed to reach data saturation.Results. The respondents revealed their knowledge that epilepsy is a disease associated with falling, shivering movements/ seizures, releasing saliva in a bubble foam, and being unconscious. However, they showed insufficient understanding regarding some aspects and expressed the opinion that there is a need of including epilepsy in life skills education, because it will assist the learners and teachers in knowing more about epilepsy. The participants consider that since epileptic seizure is an unpredictable condition that can happen to anyone, at any time, they feel it is important that learners and teachers are educated about it. For this purpose, they suggested various teaching methods and the necessary areas of knowledge about epilepsy.Conclusion. The findings of the study revealed that the inclusion of epilepsy in life skills education will enhance the knowledge and understanding of epilepsy through learning the aspects that have been suggested by the participants.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87138612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.139
G. G. Samsonova, I. Zhidkova
Background. Brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is an important and insufficiently studied interdisciplinary problem. In a significant part of brain tumor patients, the disease onsets with epileptic seizures. The course of tumor-associated epilepsy is often pharmacoresistant and requires rational polytherapy. To date, there are no uniform recommendations on the choice of an antiepileptic drug (AED) for the initial therapy of BTRE.Objective: retrospective analysis of the efficacy/tolerability of adjunctive therapy with perampanel in relation to epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy associated with glial brain tumors and metastases.Material and methods. The analysis included 51 patients with glial tumors and brain metastases who were prescribed perampanel as part of adjunctive therapy. Its effectiveness against focal seizures (FS) and bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (BTCS) was evaluated at follow-up periods of >1≥3≥6 months. A decrease in the frequency of seizures by 50% or more (responders) or by 100% (seizure freedom) was analyzed. An analysis of the influence of intervening factors in a multifactorial model, an assessment of the effectiveness of perampanel as a whole and a stratified assessment of intervening factors were carried out. The frequency and profile of adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated, including their possible association with the use of other AED.Results. In the multifactorial model, independent predictors of the clinical effect were the onset of the disease in the form of FS at >1≥3≥6 months follow-up. None of AEDs used in the first line of therapy demonstrated an impact on the clinical effect. There were no predictors of clinical effect in patients with BTCS during the entire follow-up period. Out of 51 patients, 48 (94.1%) were responders, and in 36 of them (70.6%) the seizure freedom was registered. Among patients with FS, the proportion of responders was 83.3–90.9% at different follow-up periods, including 31.2–50.0% who showed seizure freedom. Among patients with BTCS, 86.7–92.3% became responders, including 56.1–88.5% who achieved seizure freedom. AEs were noted in 7 (13.7%) patients, the most common was aggression – 4 patients (7.8%). There were no cases required reduction the dose or discontinuation the treatment with perampanel due to AEs. In most patients at >1≥3≥6 months follow-up, the median was 6 mg/day.Conclusion. The study performed in real-world practice confirmed the high efficiency and safety of perampanel in the adjunctive therapy of epileptic seizures associated with glial brain tumors and metastases, which together with the low potential of drug interactions allow us recommend the drug to this contingent of patients.
{"title":"Perampanel in adjunctive therapy of patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy: real-world data","authors":"G. G. Samsonova, I. Zhidkova","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.139","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) is an important and insufficiently studied interdisciplinary problem. In a significant part of brain tumor patients, the disease onsets with epileptic seizures. The course of tumor-associated epilepsy is often pharmacoresistant and requires rational polytherapy. To date, there are no uniform recommendations on the choice of an antiepileptic drug (AED) for the initial therapy of BTRE.Objective: retrospective analysis of the efficacy/tolerability of adjunctive therapy with perampanel in relation to epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy associated with glial brain tumors and metastases.Material and methods. The analysis included 51 patients with glial tumors and brain metastases who were prescribed perampanel as part of adjunctive therapy. Its effectiveness against focal seizures (FS) and bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (BTCS) was evaluated at follow-up periods of >1≥3≥6 months. A decrease in the frequency of seizures by 50% or more (responders) or by 100% (seizure freedom) was analyzed. An analysis of the influence of intervening factors in a multifactorial model, an assessment of the effectiveness of perampanel as a whole and a stratified assessment of intervening factors were carried out. The frequency and profile of adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated, including their possible association with the use of other AED.Results. In the multifactorial model, independent predictors of the clinical effect were the onset of the disease in the form of FS at >1≥3≥6 months follow-up. None of AEDs used in the first line of therapy demonstrated an impact on the clinical effect. There were no predictors of clinical effect in patients with BTCS during the entire follow-up period. Out of 51 patients, 48 (94.1%) were responders, and in 36 of them (70.6%) the seizure freedom was registered. Among patients with FS, the proportion of responders was 83.3–90.9% at different follow-up periods, including 31.2–50.0% who showed seizure freedom. Among patients with BTCS, 86.7–92.3% became responders, including 56.1–88.5% who achieved seizure freedom. AEs were noted in 7 (13.7%) patients, the most common was aggression – 4 patients (7.8%). There were no cases required reduction the dose or discontinuation the treatment with perampanel due to AEs. In most patients at >1≥3≥6 months follow-up, the median was 6 mg/day.Conclusion. The study performed in real-world practice confirmed the high efficiency and safety of perampanel in the adjunctive therapy of epileptic seizures associated with glial brain tumors and metastases, which together with the low potential of drug interactions allow us recommend the drug to this contingent of patients.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84741504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.134
A. M. Teplyshova, E. V. Shalimanova
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common comorbid pathology in epilepsy patients that exerts profound negative impact on quality of life. The CI causes may be due to various factors related to etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of epilepsy. A typical disorder in temporal lobe epilepsy is memory impairment. However, neuropsychological impairments may be more extensive and involve other neuropsychological domains. The risk of CI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy may increase in structural brain disorders such as hippocampal sclerosis as well as in frequent seizures, early onset and long course of the disease. Surgical treatment of epilepsy may positively or negatively impact the cognitive function. In recent years, due to development of neurosciences as well as advances in the field of medical technologies, particularly neuroimaging, genetics, immunology, and biochemistry, new data emerged regarding potential mechanisms for developing CI in patients with epilepsy. The aim of the review is to assess available ideas about neurophysiological mechanisms of CI development, cues influencing emergence of neuropsychological disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
{"title":"Cognitive impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy","authors":"A. M. Teplyshova, E. V. Shalimanova","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.134","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common comorbid pathology in epilepsy patients that exerts profound negative impact on quality of life. The CI causes may be due to various factors related to etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of epilepsy. A typical disorder in temporal lobe epilepsy is memory impairment. However, neuropsychological impairments may be more extensive and involve other neuropsychological domains. The risk of CI in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy may increase in structural brain disorders such as hippocampal sclerosis as well as in frequent seizures, early onset and long course of the disease. Surgical treatment of epilepsy may positively or negatively impact the cognitive function. In recent years, due to development of neurosciences as well as advances in the field of medical technologies, particularly neuroimaging, genetics, immunology, and biochemistry, new data emerged regarding potential mechanisms for developing CI in patients with epilepsy. The aim of the review is to assess available ideas about neurophysiological mechanisms of CI development, cues influencing emergence of neuropsychological disorders in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77686940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.138
A. Ivanov
The article is aimed at familiarizing medical specialists involved in registration and analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) examinations with the basic principles of operation and the design of a modern EEG recorder. Understanding the technical fundamentals behind operation of EEG equipment should help medical personnel to correctly use all its capabilities and ultimately improve quality of medical care. The basic diagram of the electroencephalograph operation, the types and features of EEG electrodes, the opportunities and limitations of digitally processed bioelectric signals are discussed. A review on the main technical characteristics of EEG equipment and their influence on the quality of the recorded signal is presented.
{"title":"The structure of modern EEG recorder","authors":"A. Ivanov","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.138","url":null,"abstract":"The article is aimed at familiarizing medical specialists involved in registration and analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) examinations with the basic principles of operation and the design of a modern EEG recorder. Understanding the technical fundamentals behind operation of EEG equipment should help medical personnel to correctly use all its capabilities and ultimately improve quality of medical care. The basic diagram of the electroencephalograph operation, the types and features of EEG electrodes, the opportunities and limitations of digitally processed bioelectric signals are discussed. A review on the main technical characteristics of EEG equipment and their influence on the quality of the recorded signal is presented.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76568980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.122
N. Muzhikina, N. Koroleva, V. Kasumov, P. V. Pushnoy, A. Korotkov, I. Kotomin, Maxim Kireev
A clinical case of a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia (PCD) directly adjacent to the speech zone in the left temporal region is presented. The diagnostic search and transition from MRI-negative form to structural focal epilepsy progressed for more than 6 years. It was accounted for by the fact that type IIa vs. IIb FCD is visualized much worse, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of type IIa FCD are not so prominent, so that this type of dysplasia is often omitted. Functional research methods in epileptology, such as video-electroencephalography monitoring, brain positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, functional MRI of speech zones, allow to more accurately verify the form of epilepsy and determine a scope of surgical treatment. Surgical intervention in carefully selected patients may contribute to favorable outcome of epilepsy (Engel 1, 51-months follow-up), which will lead to improved quality of life.
{"title":"Clinical case of a patient with focal cortical dysplasia IIa adjacent to the speech center: diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms","authors":"N. Muzhikina, N. Koroleva, V. Kasumov, P. V. Pushnoy, A. Korotkov, I. Kotomin, Maxim Kireev","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.122","url":null,"abstract":"A clinical case of a patient with pharmacoresistant epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia (PCD) directly adjacent to the speech zone in the left temporal region is presented. The diagnostic search and transition from MRI-negative form to structural focal epilepsy progressed for more than 6 years. It was accounted for by the fact that type IIa vs. IIb FCD is visualized much worse, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of type IIa FCD are not so prominent, so that this type of dysplasia is often omitted. Functional research methods in epileptology, such as video-electroencephalography monitoring, brain positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, functional MRI of speech zones, allow to more accurately verify the form of epilepsy and determine a scope of surgical treatment. Surgical intervention in carefully selected patients may contribute to favorable outcome of epilepsy (Engel 1, 51-months follow-up), which will lead to improved quality of life.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72822217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.137
A. Editorial
On November 15, 2022, a meeting of the Council of Experts from the working group of neurologists-epileptologists from the Volga Region and epilepsy experts from Moscow was held, dedicated to assessing effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy in the Volga Region, taking into account age, clinical, hormonal, social characteristics, as well as reproductive plans of female patients. Priority provisions have been developed aimed at selecting starting therapy in different age groups, as well as determining management tactics and a need for correction of antiepileptic therapy in women with childbearing potential. The article presents the Resolution of the experts meeting, adopted after discussion.
{"title":"Resolution on the meeting of doctors of the Council of Expert Neurologists-Epileptologists from the Volga Region and Moscow for evaluating effectiveness and tolerability of therapy in patients with epilepsy","authors":"A. Editorial","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.137","url":null,"abstract":"On November 15, 2022, a meeting of the Council of Experts from the working group of neurologists-epileptologists from the Volga Region and epilepsy experts from Moscow was held, dedicated to assessing effectiveness of antiepileptic therapy in the Volga Region, taking into account age, clinical, hormonal, social characteristics, as well as reproductive plans of female patients. Priority provisions have been developed aimed at selecting starting therapy in different age groups, as well as determining management tactics and a need for correction of antiepileptic therapy in women with childbearing potential. The article presents the Resolution of the experts meeting, adopted after discussion.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81004110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.117
E. Dontseva, P. Pilipenko, N. A. Shnayder, M. M. Petrova, R. Nasyrova
Background. Epilepsy is a common disease in children and adults, requiring long-term or lifelong use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in 60% of cases. Enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting AEDs may have a negative effect on vitamin D metabolism. However, at present, standard treatment protocols for patients with epilepsy include no nutrients and vitamin-mineral vitamin D containing complexes.Objective: to analyze studies on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency induced by AEDs intake in patients with epilepsy.Material and methods. The search for full-text publications in Russian and English was carried out in еLibrary, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar databases, covering the last five years. The analysis included 9 domestic and 54 foreign epidemiological studies assessing prevalence of AED-induced vitamin D deficiency and, consequently, altered bone mineralization and osteomalacia/osteoporosis.Results. Both in children and adults, the prevalence of AED-induced vitamin D deficiency reaches 40% and even higher. The region of residence of patients with epilepsy does not significantly affect this indicator. Impaired bone mineralization is associated with AED-induced vitamin D deficiency and requires the inclusion of vitamin D in the protocols of disease-modifying epilepsy therapy in children and adults.Conclusion. The results of the review showed high relevance of the discussed interdisciplinary problem and need to introduce laboratory screening of vitamin D deficiency among pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy.
{"title":"Prevalence of anticonvulsant-induced vitamin D deficiency","authors":"E. Dontseva, P. Pilipenko, N. A. Shnayder, M. M. Petrova, R. Nasyrova","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.117","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Epilepsy is a common disease in children and adults, requiring long-term or lifelong use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in 60% of cases. Enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting AEDs may have a negative effect on vitamin D metabolism. However, at present, standard treatment protocols for patients with epilepsy include no nutrients and vitamin-mineral vitamin D containing complexes.Objective: to analyze studies on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency induced by AEDs intake in patients with epilepsy.Material and methods. The search for full-text publications in Russian and English was carried out in еLibrary, PubMed/ MEDLINE, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar databases, covering the last five years. The analysis included 9 domestic and 54 foreign epidemiological studies assessing prevalence of AED-induced vitamin D deficiency and, consequently, altered bone mineralization and osteomalacia/osteoporosis.Results. Both in children and adults, the prevalence of AED-induced vitamin D deficiency reaches 40% and even higher. The region of residence of patients with epilepsy does not significantly affect this indicator. Impaired bone mineralization is associated with AED-induced vitamin D deficiency and requires the inclusion of vitamin D in the protocols of disease-modifying epilepsy therapy in children and adults.Conclusion. The results of the review showed high relevance of the discussed interdisciplinary problem and need to introduce laboratory screening of vitamin D deficiency among pediatric and adult patients with epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88525656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.120
S. Burd, A. Lebedeva, G. G. Avakyan, Y. Rubleva, I. Senko, N. V. Pantina, A. Yurchenko, I. I. Kovaleva
The high prevalence of pharmacoresistant epilepsy requires the use of nonpharmacological, including surgical approaches to the treatment of this disease. The surgical methods currently used to treat epilepsy (resection, stimulation, and disconnection) carry certain risks of developing intra- and postoperative complications. The technique of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) may be an alternative to traditional neurosurgical interventions. Currently, MRgFUS is successfully used in the treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson’s tremor. As the literature data show, the use of focused ultrasound is a promising method in the treatment of epilepsy. It has been reported about successful FUS application for neuromodulation in animal epilepsy models. Studies related to FUS ablation of epileptogenic foci, neuromodulation in humans with epilepsy are currently underway. The technique of locally increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier after FUS, used for the treatment of brain oncological diseases and neurodegenerative disorders is also of interest in the targeted delivery of antiepileptic drugs. However, some experimental works are contradictory, and the lack of large-scale studies of MRgFUS in patients with epilepsy requires further investigation of this technique and its effectiveness.
{"title":"Application of focused ultrasound in the treatment of epilepsy","authors":"S. Burd, A. Lebedeva, G. G. Avakyan, Y. Rubleva, I. Senko, N. V. Pantina, A. Yurchenko, I. I. Kovaleva","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.120","url":null,"abstract":"The high prevalence of pharmacoresistant epilepsy requires the use of nonpharmacological, including surgical approaches to the treatment of this disease. The surgical methods currently used to treat epilepsy (resection, stimulation, and disconnection) carry certain risks of developing intra- and postoperative complications. The technique of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) may be an alternative to traditional neurosurgical interventions. Currently, MRgFUS is successfully used in the treatment of essential tremor and Parkinson’s tremor. As the literature data show, the use of focused ultrasound is a promising method in the treatment of epilepsy. It has been reported about successful FUS application for neuromodulation in animal epilepsy models. Studies related to FUS ablation of epileptogenic foci, neuromodulation in humans with epilepsy are currently underway. The technique of locally increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier after FUS, used for the treatment of brain oncological diseases and neurodegenerative disorders is also of interest in the targeted delivery of antiepileptic drugs. However, some experimental works are contradictory, and the lack of large-scale studies of MRgFUS in patients with epilepsy requires further investigation of this technique and its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77661058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.124
E. Belousova, S. Burd, N. A. Ermolenko, K. Mukhin
Lennox–Gastaut syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy with onset in childhood. The classical triad of diagnostic criteria is well known: 1) presence of various types of refractory epileptic seizures (tonic, atypical absences, myoclonic, tonic/atonic drop attacks, generalized tonic-clonic, focal); 2) cognitive disorders with frequent behavioral disorders (not always evident by the beginning of epileptic seizures); 3) generalized, slow (≤2.5 Hz) spike-wave activity of wakefulness and generalized paroxysmal fast activity on sleep electroencephalogram. Despite the seizure onset usually occurring before the age of 8 (peak at 3–5) years old, the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome is often featured with a lifelong course. Many patients with this syndrome suffer from refractory epilepsy in adulthood, however, not always being provided a proper syndromological diagnosis. Expanding the criteria to diagnose the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome discussed here would allow to choose a proper treatment algorithm. Rufinamide is the drug of the second choice in the adjunctive therapy of epileptic seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. However, a pediatric-to-adult clinic transition of patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome may pose some obstacles. Herein, an effective patient management requires not only seizure control, but also improvement of patient's quality of life by influencing cognitive and behavioral issues, sleep disorders, disability (both physical and social), educational problems and employment.
{"title":"Diagnostics and age-related evolution of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. Management in diverse patient age periods","authors":"E. Belousova, S. Burd, N. A. Ermolenko, K. Mukhin","doi":"10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2077-8333/epi.par.con.2022.124","url":null,"abstract":"Lennox–Gastaut syndrome is an epileptic encephalopathy with onset in childhood. The classical triad of diagnostic criteria is well known: 1) presence of various types of refractory epileptic seizures (tonic, atypical absences, myoclonic, tonic/atonic drop attacks, generalized tonic-clonic, focal); 2) cognitive disorders with frequent behavioral disorders (not always evident by the beginning of epileptic seizures); 3) generalized, slow (≤2.5 Hz) spike-wave activity of wakefulness and generalized paroxysmal fast activity on sleep electroencephalogram. Despite the seizure onset usually occurring before the age of 8 (peak at 3–5) years old, the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome is often featured with a lifelong course. Many patients with this syndrome suffer from refractory epilepsy in adulthood, however, not always being provided a proper syndromological diagnosis. Expanding the criteria to diagnose the Lennox–Gastaut syndrome discussed here would allow to choose a proper treatment algorithm. Rufinamide is the drug of the second choice in the adjunctive therapy of epileptic seizures associated with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome. However, a pediatric-to-adult clinic transition of patients with Lennox–Gastaut syndrome may pose some obstacles. Herein, an effective patient management requires not only seizure control, but also improvement of patient's quality of life by influencing cognitive and behavioral issues, sleep disorders, disability (both physical and social), educational problems and employment.","PeriodicalId":52318,"journal":{"name":"Epilepsy and Paroxysmal Conditions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82759290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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