Background: There is obvious change in the pattern of psychoactive substance use in this part of the world. The habit which was previously prerogative of adult males has now been extended to women. Women of reproductive age group, including pregnant ones now engage in the use of psychoactive substances, thereby exposing them and their unborn babies to various risks and dangers. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of use of psychoactive substances among pregnant women attending clinic in a teaching hospital, in a North-eastern State of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test questionnaires were administered to 320 pregnant women that came for antenatal care (ANC) by research assistants. Results: The prevalence of substance use among the respondents was 13.3%. Tobacco products in form of snuff and cigarette (34.7%), sedatives and over the counter sleeping pills (32.8%) were commonly abused substances. Opiates in form of tramadol and codeine-containing cough syrups were also common (14.0%). Proportions of respondents that consume alcoholic products were 12.4%, whereas the remaining percentages were for other substances such as cannabis and solvent. Fathers' uses as well as partners' uses of psychoactive substances were variables that were significantly associated with the substance use by pregnant women in this study. Conclusion: The proportion of pregnant women that uses psychoactive substances was high in this study, especially when the fathers or partners also abuse substances. Efforts should therefore be made to screen women coming for ANC to diagnose those with substance use habit and manage them appropriately.
{"title":"Psychoactive substance use and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic","authors":"D. Sulyman, K. Ayanda, M. Aminu, L. Dattijo","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_11_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_11_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is obvious change in the pattern of psychoactive substance use in this part of the world. The habit which was previously prerogative of adult males has now been extended to women. Women of reproductive age group, including pregnant ones now engage in the use of psychoactive substances, thereby exposing them and their unborn babies to various risks and dangers. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence rate of use of psychoactive substances among pregnant women attending clinic in a teaching hospital, in a North-eastern State of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test questionnaires were administered to 320 pregnant women that came for antenatal care (ANC) by research assistants. Results: The prevalence of substance use among the respondents was 13.3%. Tobacco products in form of snuff and cigarette (34.7%), sedatives and over the counter sleeping pills (32.8%) were commonly abused substances. Opiates in form of tramadol and codeine-containing cough syrups were also common (14.0%). Proportions of respondents that consume alcoholic products were 12.4%, whereas the remaining percentages were for other substances such as cannabis and solvent. Fathers' uses as well as partners' uses of psychoactive substances were variables that were significantly associated with the substance use by pregnant women in this study. Conclusion: The proportion of pregnant women that uses psychoactive substances was high in this study, especially when the fathers or partners also abuse substances. Efforts should therefore be made to screen women coming for ANC to diagnose those with substance use habit and manage them appropriately.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49233671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm of the large salivary glands. It derives its name from the architectural pleomorphism seen by light microscopy. It is also known as the mixed tumor salivary type, which describes its pleomorphic appearance as opposed to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements. We present a case of an adult who presented with a palatal swelling, which computed tomography (CT) scan showed to be “intrabony” but after considering other planes of the CT scan It was finally considered to be an intrabony extension of the palatal PA. The mass was successfully removed and the residual palatal defect left to granulate. Following 2 years of patient follow-up, there was no recurrence but the presence of a oronasal defect about 1 cm in diameter in the palate.
{"title":"“Intrabony” palatal pleomorphic adenoma: A case report and review of the literature","authors":"A. Adetayo, O. Oladapo, M. Adetayo","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_59_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_59_19","url":null,"abstract":"Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common neoplasm of the large salivary glands. It derives its name from the architectural pleomorphism seen by light microscopy. It is also known as the mixed tumor salivary type, which describes its pleomorphic appearance as opposed to its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements. We present a case of an adult who presented with a palatal swelling, which computed tomography (CT) scan showed to be “intrabony” but after considering other planes of the CT scan It was finally considered to be an intrabony extension of the palatal PA. The mass was successfully removed and the residual palatal defect left to granulate. Following 2 years of patient follow-up, there was no recurrence but the presence of a oronasal defect about 1 cm in diameter in the palate.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47283018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sundari, M. Hanifah, D. Kotasthane, K. Jayasingh
Background: Ischemic stroke is known to be one of the foremost causes of long-term disability and death, and platelets play a pivotal role in its pathophysiology. However, the platelet indices having a role in ischemic stroke are not routinely reported in the available literature. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential role of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in the development of ischemic stroke, especially in the South Indian region. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 80 patients who were broadly divided into two groups: the case group (patients with ischemic stroke) and the control group (patients without ischemic stroke). Platelet indices were measured using Mindray BC-5200 auto hematology analyzer, and the results were analyzed using Student's t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum Test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the MPV and PDW values between the two groups. The difference between the area under the curve for both MPV and PDW was also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001) in the receiver operating characteristic curve. However, the differences in the values of MPV and PDW across different age groups, genders, and various comorbid conditions were not found to be significant. Conclusion: The elevated platelet indices may be associated with the development of ischemic stroke. The MPV and PDW can be prospective biochemical markers for predicting the onset of ischemic stroke.
{"title":"A case–control study to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in acute ischemic stroke","authors":"M. Sundari, M. Hanifah, D. Kotasthane, K. Jayasingh","doi":"10.4103/smj.smj_19_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/smj.smj_19_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ischemic stroke is known to be one of the foremost causes of long-term disability and death, and platelets play a pivotal role in its pathophysiology. However, the platelet indices having a role in ischemic stroke are not routinely reported in the available literature. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential role of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in the development of ischemic stroke, especially in the South Indian region. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 80 patients who were broadly divided into two groups: the case group (patients with ischemic stroke) and the control group (patients without ischemic stroke). Platelet indices were measured using Mindray BC-5200 auto hematology analyzer, and the results were analyzed using Student's t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum Test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) in the MPV and PDW values between the two groups. The difference between the area under the curve for both MPV and PDW was also found to be statistically significant (P < 0.001) in the receiver operating characteristic curve. However, the differences in the values of MPV and PDW across different age groups, genders, and various comorbid conditions were not found to be significant. Conclusion: The elevated platelet indices may be associated with the development of ischemic stroke. The MPV and PDW can be prospective biochemical markers for predicting the onset of ischemic stroke.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45031691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Iwuozo, R. Obiako, A. Ogunniyi, Sani Auta Abubakar
Introduction: Epilepsy impacts negatively on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected individuals. Aim: This study compared the HRQoL of patients with epilepsy with age- and-sex matched healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional case–control study was carried out on 206 participants who were ≥18 years. The World Health Organization Quality Of Life instrument was interviewer administered to all the participants. Statistical significance was set at P
{"title":"A comparative assessment of health-related quality of life in people with epilepsy and healthy controls in a tertiary hospital in Northwest Nigeria","authors":"E. Iwuozo, R. Obiako, A. Ogunniyi, Sani Auta Abubakar","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_61_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_61_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epilepsy impacts negatively on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of affected individuals. Aim: This study compared the HRQoL of patients with epilepsy with age- and-sex matched healthy controls. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional case–control study was carried out on 206 participants who were ≥18 years. The World Health Organization Quality Of Life instrument was interviewer administered to all the participants. Statistical significance was set at P","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42682892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Baba, Ibrahim Haruna Gele, S. Ahmed, Sadisu Mohammed Maaji
Encephaloceles are neural tube defects that are characterized by protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the cranium. Encephaloceles are very rare with an incidence of about 1 in 5000 live births and a female preponderance with an unknown etiology. This is a case of a 3-month-old female infant with a huge occipital swelling, delayed developmental milestones, and microcephaly without neck control and social smile and poor suckling. The patient was referred by the neurosurgical unit of the hospital to the department of radiology for a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the brain on account of a huge occipital mass and microcephaly. The CECT showed a huge cystic mass with brain density substance and cerebrospinal fluid density fluid. Conservative management which includes the parent's reassurance, supportive care, symptom management, and close monitoring plays a role in their nonsurgical management.
{"title":"A giant occipital encephalocele in an infant","authors":"M. Baba, Ibrahim Haruna Gele, S. Ahmed, Sadisu Mohammed Maaji","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_55_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_55_19","url":null,"abstract":"Encephaloceles are neural tube defects that are characterized by protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the cranium. Encephaloceles are very rare with an incidence of about 1 in 5000 live births and a female preponderance with an unknown etiology. This is a case of a 3-month-old female infant with a huge occipital swelling, delayed developmental milestones, and microcephaly without neck control and social smile and poor suckling. The patient was referred by the neurosurgical unit of the hospital to the department of radiology for a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the brain on account of a huge occipital mass and microcephaly. The CECT showed a huge cystic mass with brain density substance and cerebrospinal fluid density fluid. Conservative management which includes the parent's reassurance, supportive care, symptom management, and close monitoring plays a role in their nonsurgical management.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46829745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Yusuf, K. Ogundipe, J. Olaogun, I. Kadiri, S. Popoola, David Brown Ajibola, A. Omonisi, J. Ogunlusi
Background: Patients coming to the hospital hope on getting well or cured of their ailment, but this hope goes unrealized, sometimes leading to their death. Objectives: We looked at the pattern and causes of death at adult surgical wards and autopsy rates in our facility. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of the mortalities in adult surgical wards at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, in South-Western Nigeria, over a period of 5 years, July 2011–June 2016. Results: Two thousand one hundred and thirty-eight patients were managed in the adult surgical wards, and there were 89 (4.16%) cases of death during the study with 51 case notes available for the analysis. Twenty-eight males and 23 females with a male: female of 1.2:1. Age ranges from 18 to 93 years, with a mean of 57.14 ± 20.42 years. The highest mortalities were recorded in general surgical unit (25, [49.0%]) with a mortality rate of 3% and highest in patients with neoplastic diseases (24, [47.1%]), followed by trauma (17, [33.3%]). Overwhelming sepsis (14, [27.5%]) and hypovolemic shock (10, [19.6%]) were the leading immediate causes of death. Only 4 had autopsy done with autopsy rate of 7.8%. Conclusion: Neoplasm and trauma are the leading underlying causes of death. Strategies geared toward early detection and treatment of neoplasms, as well as prevention and prompt care of trauma patients, are advocated. Autopsy rate is low in our center.
{"title":"Mortality pattern in surgical wards and autopsy rate at a university teaching hospital in South-West Nigeria","authors":"M. Yusuf, K. Ogundipe, J. Olaogun, I. Kadiri, S. Popoola, David Brown Ajibola, A. Omonisi, J. Ogunlusi","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_43_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_43_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patients coming to the hospital hope on getting well or cured of their ailment, but this hope goes unrealized, sometimes leading to their death. Objectives: We looked at the pattern and causes of death at adult surgical wards and autopsy rates in our facility. Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of the mortalities in adult surgical wards at Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, in South-Western Nigeria, over a period of 5 years, July 2011–June 2016. Results: Two thousand one hundred and thirty-eight patients were managed in the adult surgical wards, and there were 89 (4.16%) cases of death during the study with 51 case notes available for the analysis. Twenty-eight males and 23 females with a male: female of 1.2:1. Age ranges from 18 to 93 years, with a mean of 57.14 ± 20.42 years. The highest mortalities were recorded in general surgical unit (25, [49.0%]) with a mortality rate of 3% and highest in patients with neoplastic diseases (24, [47.1%]), followed by trauma (17, [33.3%]). Overwhelming sepsis (14, [27.5%]) and hypovolemic shock (10, [19.6%]) were the leading immediate causes of death. Only 4 had autopsy done with autopsy rate of 7.8%. Conclusion: Neoplasm and trauma are the leading underlying causes of death. Strategies geared toward early detection and treatment of neoplasms, as well as prevention and prompt care of trauma patients, are advocated. Autopsy rate is low in our center.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47443307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spontaneous scrotal fistula is an extremely rare complication of incarcerated hernia, especially in children. To date, only 12 cases in children have been reported in the literature worldwide. We present the case of a 31-day-old male infant who had scrotal fecal discharge from an irreducible right inguinoscrotal swelling. Inguinal exploration revealed an incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing a segment of the ileum with a 3 cm perforation on its antimesenteric border. Segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis along with debridement and closure of the scrotal wound were successful in the management of this index patient. This complication appeared to be the result of a neglected inguinoscrotal hernia. This report aims to highlight the morbidity associated with this complication and to review the available literature. We conclude that early repair of inguinal hernias in infants and children of all ages would reduce this complication and its attendant morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Neglected inguinoscrotal hernia complicated by scrotal fecal fistula in an infant: A case report and review of literature","authors":"J. Ugwu, C. Ugwunne, O. Ekwunife, A. Osuigwe","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_42_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_42_19","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous scrotal fistula is an extremely rare complication of incarcerated hernia, especially in children. To date, only 12 cases in children have been reported in the literature worldwide. We present the case of a 31-day-old male infant who had scrotal fecal discharge from an irreducible right inguinoscrotal swelling. Inguinal exploration revealed an incarcerated right inguinal hernia containing a segment of the ileum with a 3 cm perforation on its antimesenteric border. Segmental resection and end-to-end anastomosis along with debridement and closure of the scrotal wound were successful in the management of this index patient. This complication appeared to be the result of a neglected inguinoscrotal hernia. This report aims to highlight the morbidity associated with this complication and to review the available literature. We conclude that early repair of inguinal hernias in infants and children of all ages would reduce this complication and its attendant morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Public health programs (PHPs) provide unique opportunities for addressing health issues in resource-limited settings. A major challenge to the implementation of existing PHPs in Nigeria is the absence of effective monitoring of the safety of medicines and vaccines. The introduction of the World Health Organization (WHO) pharmacovigilance (PV) indicators provides a useful tool to address this challenge. Objective: The objective is to assess the structures, processes, and outcomes of PV activities in three selected PHPs (the National Malaria, tuberculosis [TB], and HIV/AIDS) in Nigeria using the WHO PV indicators and identify possible challenges to achieving the outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional mixed method study of the PV system in selected PHPs. Data sources were from the Federal Ministry of Health, the National PV Center (NPC), the National Malaria/TB, and HIV/AIDS Control Programs and official documents were reviewed. Data were collected quantitatively using the WHO PV and PHP indicator questionnaires and qualitatively using key informant interviews. Results: The basic structures and tools for carrying out PV activities in the PHPs were in existence but optimal implementation was lacking. Of the 790 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports from the PHPs to the NPC ADR database, 77% were from the HIV/AIDS Control Programs, 14% from the malaria control program, and 9% from TB program. The interview with representatives of the different programs revealed a consensus of opinion around lack of adequate human resource for PV, poor funding, poor stakeholders' coordination to improve PV reporting across all three programs as well as in the NPC. Conclusion: This study highlighted the magnitude of suboptimal implementation of PV activities evident by the number of reports as against the expected.
{"title":"Evaluation of pharmacovigilance activities in the national HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis control programs using the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance indicators","authors":"C. Ejekam, A. Fourrier-Réglat, A. Isah","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_46_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_46_19","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Public health programs (PHPs) provide unique opportunities for addressing health issues in resource-limited settings. A major challenge to the implementation of existing PHPs in Nigeria is the absence of effective monitoring of the safety of medicines and vaccines. The introduction of the World Health Organization (WHO) pharmacovigilance (PV) indicators provides a useful tool to address this challenge. Objective: The objective is to assess the structures, processes, and outcomes of PV activities in three selected PHPs (the National Malaria, tuberculosis [TB], and HIV/AIDS) in Nigeria using the WHO PV indicators and identify possible challenges to achieving the outcomes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional mixed method study of the PV system in selected PHPs. Data sources were from the Federal Ministry of Health, the National PV Center (NPC), the National Malaria/TB, and HIV/AIDS Control Programs and official documents were reviewed. Data were collected quantitatively using the WHO PV and PHP indicator questionnaires and qualitatively using key informant interviews. Results: The basic structures and tools for carrying out PV activities in the PHPs were in existence but optimal implementation was lacking. Of the 790 adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports from the PHPs to the NPC ADR database, 77% were from the HIV/AIDS Control Programs, 14% from the malaria control program, and 9% from TB program. The interview with representatives of the different programs revealed a consensus of opinion around lack of adequate human resource for PV, poor funding, poor stakeholders' coordination to improve PV reporting across all three programs as well as in the NPC. Conclusion: This study highlighted the magnitude of suboptimal implementation of PV activities evident by the number of reports as against the expected.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45010550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Agofure, S. Odjimogho, O. Okandeji-Barry, H. Efegbere, Hannah Nathan
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related morbidity and mortality is gradually assuming an endemic proportion in Africa. In Nigeria, DM-related complications are responsible for 3%–15% medical admissions in most facilities. Despite this growing trend, there is a paucity of studies highlighting the morbidity and mortality due to DM in Nigeria. Objective: This retrospective study documented the pattern of DM-related complications and mortality rates in Warri Central Hospital, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, hospital-based study covering a 7-year period (2012–2018). Data on age, sex, fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), comorbid conditions, and the number of deaths were extracted from the case files of DM patients in the records department of the hospital. The extracted data were analyzed using the IBM IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, USA). Results: A total of 78 patients were studied. The age range of cases was between 20 and 79 years, with a mean age of 54.9 ± 13.9 years. The overall prevalence of DM was 18.3%; overall mean FBS and RBS were 186.0 ± 49.1 mg/dl and 272.9 ± 59.2 mg/dl, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 28.2%. Major complications observed were hyperglycemic emergencies (20%), hypertension (18%), stroke (17%), and nephropathy (14%). Conclusion: The study highlighted that DM is associated with morbidity and mortality among the patients. Therefore, efforts must be intensified on promoting DM management practices by individuals, families, communities, health-care system, government, and its international partners to reverse this ugly trend.
{"title":"Pattern of diabetes mellitus-related complications and mortality rate: Implications for diabetes care in a low-resource setting","authors":"O. Agofure, S. Odjimogho, O. Okandeji-Barry, H. Efegbere, Hannah Nathan","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_64_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_64_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM)-related morbidity and mortality is gradually assuming an endemic proportion in Africa. In Nigeria, DM-related complications are responsible for 3%–15% medical admissions in most facilities. Despite this growing trend, there is a paucity of studies highlighting the morbidity and mortality due to DM in Nigeria. Objective: This retrospective study documented the pattern of DM-related complications and mortality rates in Warri Central Hospital, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive, hospital-based study covering a 7-year period (2012–2018). Data on age, sex, fasting blood sugar (FBS), random blood sugar (RBS), comorbid conditions, and the number of deaths were extracted from the case files of DM patients in the records department of the hospital. The extracted data were analyzed using the IBM IBM SPSS software version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Chicago, USA). Results: A total of 78 patients were studied. The age range of cases was between 20 and 79 years, with a mean age of 54.9 ± 13.9 years. The overall prevalence of DM was 18.3%; overall mean FBS and RBS were 186.0 ± 49.1 mg/dl and 272.9 ± 59.2 mg/dl, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 28.2%. Major complications observed were hyperglycemic emergencies (20%), hypertension (18%), stroke (17%), and nephropathy (14%). Conclusion: The study highlighted that DM is associated with morbidity and mortality among the patients. Therefore, efforts must be intensified on promoting DM management practices by individuals, families, communities, health-care system, government, and its international partners to reverse this ugly trend.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49269774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Elhidsi, M. Rasmin, Prasenohadi, W. Aniwidyaningsih, G. Desianti, M. F. Alatas, D. Soehardiman
Background: Hypoxemia often occurs in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This condition requires adequate oxygen therapy to achieve oxygen saturation target. Objective: This review aims to explain the rational oxygen therapy in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A literature search for studies on COVID-19 was performed using PubMed and Science Direct database. About 46 articles were identified. Twenty-five articles were considered suitable for review. The bibliographies of included studies were also searched for additional references. Results: Oxygen therapy involves conventional devices such as nasal cannulas, simple masks, reservoir masks, and venturi to advanced devices such as high-flow nasal cannulas. Initial therapy is given based on holistic assessment of the patient, followed by close monitoring. In emergency situations, airway management is required, and resuscitation is carried out with a saturation target of ≥94% while in stable patients, the SpO2 target is >90% in nonpregnant and ≥92%–95% in pregnant patients. Oxygen escalation might be needed during therapy without delaying intubation. Besides its intricate management algorithm, the rational management of oxygen therapy in COVID-19 also requires caution on the issue of each aerosol-generating device and transmission risk, especially for health-care workers. Conclusions: Rational management of oxygen therapy includes the provision of initial therapy, followed by proper monitoring and escalation without delaying intubation and also the considerations of the health-care workers' protection and the risk of transmission.
{"title":"Rational supplemental oxygen therapy in COVID-19","authors":"M. Elhidsi, M. Rasmin, Prasenohadi, W. Aniwidyaningsih, G. Desianti, M. F. Alatas, D. Soehardiman","doi":"10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_64_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/SMJ.SMJ_64_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypoxemia often occurs in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This condition requires adequate oxygen therapy to achieve oxygen saturation target. Objective: This review aims to explain the rational oxygen therapy in COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A literature search for studies on COVID-19 was performed using PubMed and Science Direct database. About 46 articles were identified. Twenty-five articles were considered suitable for review. The bibliographies of included studies were also searched for additional references. Results: Oxygen therapy involves conventional devices such as nasal cannulas, simple masks, reservoir masks, and venturi to advanced devices such as high-flow nasal cannulas. Initial therapy is given based on holistic assessment of the patient, followed by close monitoring. In emergency situations, airway management is required, and resuscitation is carried out with a saturation target of ≥94% while in stable patients, the SpO2 target is >90% in nonpregnant and ≥92%–95% in pregnant patients. Oxygen escalation might be needed during therapy without delaying intubation. Besides its intricate management algorithm, the rational management of oxygen therapy in COVID-19 also requires caution on the issue of each aerosol-generating device and transmission risk, especially for health-care workers. Conclusions: Rational management of oxygen therapy includes the provision of initial therapy, followed by proper monitoring and escalation without delaying intubation and also the considerations of the health-care workers' protection and the risk of transmission.","PeriodicalId":52324,"journal":{"name":"Sahel Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45285390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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