Abstract A rapid increase in the availability of digitized archival resources of relevance to family historians together with increasing individual fascination with genealogical research led to the University of Tasmania introducing a fully online Diploma of Family History in 2016. The course’s emphasis on authenticity through a variety of modalities and the sense of immediacy with which its online learning environment is imbued combine to engage and retain students’ interest as they focus on locating and contextualizing their own ancestors as research subjects. Permeating family history with academic skills promotes best practice in locating, analyzing, storing, and publicly presenting family-centric research materials for the edification of current and future generations.
{"title":"The Roles of Authenticity and Immediacy in Engaging Family Historians in Online Learning Designed to Advance Academic Skills","authors":"Kristyn Harman","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A rapid increase in the availability of digitized archival resources of relevance to family historians together with increasing individual fascination with genealogical research led to the University of Tasmania introducing a fully online Diploma of Family History in 2016. The course’s emphasis on authenticity through a variety of modalities and the sense of immediacy with which its online learning environment is imbued combine to engage and retain students’ interest as they focus on locating and contextualizing their own ancestors as research subjects. Permeating family history with academic skills promotes best practice in locating, analyzing, storing, and publicly presenting family-centric research materials for the edification of current and future generations.","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46587522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ashley Barnwell and Laura King converse about their collaborations with family historians in Australia and England. They reveal the potential uses of collaboration when challenging understandings of ‘the family’, decolonizing and declassing historical scholarship on the family and the wellbeing benefits for family history researchers and carers.
{"title":"Family History Collaborators in Conversation","authors":"Ashley Barnwell, Laura King","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ashley Barnwell and Laura King converse about their collaborations with family historians in Australia and England. They reveal the potential uses of collaboration when challenging understandings of ‘the family’, decolonizing and declassing historical scholarship on the family and the wellbeing benefits for family history researchers and carers.","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49595649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The global DNA ancestry industry appeals to various “markets”: diasporic groups seeking to reconstruct lost kinship links; adoptees looking for biological relatives; genealogists tracing their family trees; and those who are merely curious about what DNA can reveal about their identity. However, the language of empowerment and openness employed by DNA ancestry-testing companies in their publicity materials masks the important commercial and private interests at stake. Drawing particularly on the experiences of Native and Indigenous American communities, this article highlights some of the contradictions and dilemmas engendered by the industry, and questions to what extent its practices can empower users without infringing upon the rights of other groups.
{"title":"Family History and the Global Politics of DNA","authors":"Sarah Abel, K. Tsosie","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The global DNA ancestry industry appeals to various “markets”: diasporic groups seeking to reconstruct lost kinship links; adoptees looking for biological relatives; genealogists tracing their family trees; and those who are merely curious about what DNA can reveal about their identity. However, the language of empowerment and openness employed by DNA ancestry-testing companies in their publicity materials masks the important commercial and private interests at stake. Drawing particularly on the experiences of Native and Indigenous American communities, this article highlights some of the contradictions and dilemmas engendered by the industry, and questions to what extent its practices can empower users without infringing upon the rights of other groups.","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44899504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article deals with the development of genealogy in Poland, indicates its interdisciplinary character, as well as the socio-political context of its development. In particular, the possibility of using the genealogical passion of older people as a motivating factor to undertake education in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) was highlighted. As an example of good practice, the assumptions and preliminary conclusions of the research carried out within the Learning Tree project, which was implemented in Poland, Turkey and Italy, are presented. On the basis of the research it is stated that genealogy can be a factor encouraging the adoption of computer education by seniors, and consequently contribute to reducing the level of digital exclusion of older people by increasing their participation in the information society.
{"title":"Practical Solutions: Genealogy and the Potential of Public Pedagogy in Poland","authors":"Ewa Jurczyk-Romanowska","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with the development of genealogy in Poland, indicates its interdisciplinary character, as well as the socio-political context of its development. In particular, the possibility of using the genealogical passion of older people as a motivating factor to undertake education in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) was highlighted. As an example of good practice, the assumptions and preliminary conclusions of the research carried out within the Learning Tree project, which was implemented in Poland, Turkey and Italy, are presented. On the basis of the research it is stated that genealogy can be a factor encouraging the adoption of computer education by seniors, and consequently contribute to reducing the level of digital exclusion of older people by increasing their participation in the information society.","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48310862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This collection of essays deals with various contested and conflicting issues related to the recent past of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. In the introduction the editors present a multi-layered perspective on the book and argue that it is not limited to bringing the content of the debates from this part of theworld to a broader international audience which too often ignores them. As research on the history education clearly shows, the past of this region lies on themargin of school history education;Western European textbooks hardlymention it and thus it remains largely unknown. As a result, contemporary political debates in those countries also remain incomprehensible and may seem irrational. Readers of the book are given a chance to become acquainted with the details of the Winter War of 1940 between Finland and the USSR and its commemoration; the UkrainianPolish conflict during the Second World War; the dilemmas and choices of Estonians and Lithuanians facing Nazi and Soviet policies; internal conflicts in Yugoslavia; the Armenian genocide; the fate of the Hungarian Roma; and the history of Wrocław during WWII. This multitude of topics is accompanied by a multitude of research methodologies, which constitute the second layer of the book. We can observe how different research methods may be applied to the analysis and presentation of historicalmemory: from traditional content analysis of political press or biographical interviews – the canon of oral history – through the anthropological approach to memory studies and the analysis of the places of memory and, perhaps more importantly, of their reception by various audiences, to making use of the ever more abundant internet resources. For example, Martins Kaprans analyzes Wikipedia as a tool of transnational historiography going beyond and behind the content analysis of its various national versions and looking at the community of editors and their practices. VolodymyrKulyk presents the discussions on Facebook and its Russian counterpart, VKontakte, and reflects on their role in shaping (or dividing) Ukrainian society. Tea Sindbaek Andersen looks at the fan pages created by supporters and opponents of the Croatian football player Josip Simunić. I found the approaches to Wikipedia, Facebook, YouTube, and the on-line comments to e-journals most inspiring and applicable to the variety of topics, also beyond the disputed memories. In today’s online world these are the places where collectivememory is expressed: both as a reaction to the politics of history organized by the state and to the activities of various public history institutions, and as a means and reflection of grassroots, bottom-up public history, where these memories (also disputed) are expressed without the mediation of historians. Social media give access to the free flow of opinions not intended for research nor addressed to historians. At times, they are far from being politically correct and can be xenophobic, full of h
{"title":"Andersen, Tea Sindbæk and Barbara Törnquist-Plewa: Disputed Memory: Emotions and Memory Politics in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe","authors":"J. Wojdon","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"This collection of essays deals with various contested and conflicting issues related to the recent past of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. In the introduction the editors present a multi-layered perspective on the book and argue that it is not limited to bringing the content of the debates from this part of theworld to a broader international audience which too often ignores them. As research on the history education clearly shows, the past of this region lies on themargin of school history education;Western European textbooks hardlymention it and thus it remains largely unknown. As a result, contemporary political debates in those countries also remain incomprehensible and may seem irrational. Readers of the book are given a chance to become acquainted with the details of the Winter War of 1940 between Finland and the USSR and its commemoration; the UkrainianPolish conflict during the Second World War; the dilemmas and choices of Estonians and Lithuanians facing Nazi and Soviet policies; internal conflicts in Yugoslavia; the Armenian genocide; the fate of the Hungarian Roma; and the history of Wrocław during WWII. This multitude of topics is accompanied by a multitude of research methodologies, which constitute the second layer of the book. We can observe how different research methods may be applied to the analysis and presentation of historicalmemory: from traditional content analysis of political press or biographical interviews – the canon of oral history – through the anthropological approach to memory studies and the analysis of the places of memory and, perhaps more importantly, of their reception by various audiences, to making use of the ever more abundant internet resources. For example, Martins Kaprans analyzes Wikipedia as a tool of transnational historiography going beyond and behind the content analysis of its various national versions and looking at the community of editors and their practices. VolodymyrKulyk presents the discussions on Facebook and its Russian counterpart, VKontakte, and reflects on their role in shaping (or dividing) Ukrainian society. Tea Sindbaek Andersen looks at the fan pages created by supporters and opponents of the Croatian football player Josip Simunić. I found the approaches to Wikipedia, Facebook, YouTube, and the on-line comments to e-journals most inspiring and applicable to the variety of topics, also beyond the disputed memories. In today’s online world these are the places where collectivememory is expressed: both as a reaction to the politics of history organized by the state and to the activities of various public history institutions, and as a means and reflection of grassroots, bottom-up public history, where these memories (also disputed) are expressed without the mediation of historians. Social media give access to the free flow of opinions not intended for research nor addressed to historians. At times, they are far from being politically correct and can be xenophobic, full of h","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45516881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We asked an interdisciplinary group of researchers in family history to respond to a number of key questions about the past, present, and future of family history practice and scholarship. They revealed shared concerns around the devaluing of family history practice and scholarship by academics, the political uses and negative consequences of DNA and genealogical descent – especially with regard to Indigenous peoples, hierarchies of scientific and humanistic knowledge, and numerous barriers to collaboration. Others expressed excitement at the potential benefits of working with heritage institutions and diverse communities on shared projects with enormous creative potential to expand our definition of what history is and what it might be. The responses were initially to the following methodological questions:
{"title":"Emerging questions in family history studies","authors":"T. Evans","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"We asked an interdisciplinary group of researchers in family history to respond to a number of key questions about the past, present, and future of family history practice and scholarship. They revealed shared concerns around the devaluing of family history practice and scholarship by academics, the political uses and negative consequences of DNA and genealogical descent – especially with regard to Indigenous peoples, hierarchies of scientific and humanistic knowledge, and numerous barriers to collaboration. Others expressed excitement at the potential benefits of working with heritage institutions and diverse communities on shared projects with enormous creative potential to expand our definition of what history is and what it might be. The responses were initially to the following methodological questions:","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43550284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paul Ashton and Alex Trapeznik: What is Public History Globally? Working with the Past in the Present","authors":"C. Gundermann","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45885772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article offers a reflection on the state of public history in Canada today. The authors focus on four particularly significant and related developments: the growth of the field within universities and colleges; the ways in which public history has helped re-shape research agendas; the influence of public history work outside academia; and Canada’s role in the ongoing process of what has been dubbed ‘the internationalization’ of public history. These developments reveal an intellectually rigorous, politically aware, and socially engaged public history that challenges boundaries in exciting and productive ways. The authors offer links so readers can explore recent controversies, issues, and debates in Canadian public history.
{"title":"Some Reflections on Public History in Canada Today","authors":"D. Dean, John C. Walsh","doi":"10.1515/iph-2019-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/iph-2019-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article offers a reflection on the state of public history in Canada today. The authors focus on four particularly significant and related developments: the growth of the field within universities and colleges; the ways in which public history has helped re-shape research agendas; the influence of public history work outside academia; and Canada’s role in the ongoing process of what has been dubbed ‘the internationalization’ of public history. These developments reveal an intellectually rigorous, politically aware, and socially engaged public history that challenges boundaries in exciting and productive ways. The authors offer links so readers can explore recent controversies, issues, and debates in Canadian public history.","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/iph-2019-0021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In many ways, teaching public history through real-world projects is a panacea. After all, a properly trained graduate of a public history program should be able to leave the theoretical world of the university and shift confidently into the exigencies of professional practice. But many educators naturally shy away from this approach because it is fraught with potential disasters – the looming threat of the unknown that frustrates students, educators, and partners alike. Flexibility and adaptability are keys to developing successful real-world public history projects. Accepting or even welcoming the unanticipated provides valuable teaching moments and a sense of reality that is difficult to duplicate in the classroom. Moreover, crafting a flexible but ultimately successful student project requires identifying the right partner or client while tempering expectations with a thoughtful and realistic scope of work.
{"title":"From Theory to Practice to Problem: Teaching Public History with a Real Client","authors":"A. Thomas","doi":"10.1515/IPH-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/IPH-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In many ways, teaching public history through real-world projects is a panacea. After all, a properly trained graduate of a public history program should be able to leave the theoretical world of the university and shift confidently into the exigencies of professional practice. But many educators naturally shy away from this approach because it is fraught with potential disasters – the looming threat of the unknown that frustrates students, educators, and partners alike. Flexibility and adaptability are keys to developing successful real-world public history projects. Accepting or even welcoming the unanticipated provides valuable teaching moments and a sense of reality that is difficult to duplicate in the classroom. Moreover, crafting a flexible but ultimately successful student project requires identifying the right partner or client while tempering expectations with a thoughtful and realistic scope of work.","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/IPH-2019-0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43359782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ever since the first historian realized that the study of the past helps us understand what is happening in the present (and quickly followed up with the additional realization that decision makers seemed to have a knack for ignoring the historical viewpoint), the argument has been made that “history” is a vital part of the decisions of those who lead government. In the early years of the Public History movement, considerable attention was paid to the issue of “history and policy,” some even calling for a separate subfield, called “applied history.” In the first decades of its publication, The Public Historian, the first journal dedicated to the field, ran several articles about what historians could contribute to the policy making process.1 More often than not, the arguments focused on the historical knowledge that we as historians could bring to the process of policy development in helping them make more informed (and therefore better) decisions. Alix Green, in History, Policy and Public Purpose: Historians and Historical Thinking in Government, picks up the challenge of making history relevant to policy makers by turning the historian vs. policy maker dynamic on its head. In a concise and accessible work, Green aims to challenge the view that historians should be considered outside experts who, as she says, translate “academic research for policy makers.” Rather she argues that historians need to be “insiders” who are actively involved in the process of policy making. From this perspective, it is not the historical knowledge that has been accumulated by historians that is of the utmost relevance – although it can play a significant role – but rather, it is the way in which historians have been trained to build arguments, conduct research and present findings that should matter most to policy makers. She describes this as the “historian’s toolbox” – the various “tools” with which historical thinking (our process) can be put to use in a completely different field. For Green, whose background in policy development has clearly had an influence on her approach, there are many similarities between history and policy. Most notably, history and policy are “messy.” Just as historians are never privy to all possible information, policy analysts can never have a complete picture of the policy issue and “must operate within constraints that are necessarily imperfectly understood.”2 Historical thinking assumes from the start that not all information will be completely uncovered; and therefore, the goal of the historical method is concerned with discerning ways that best address the information gaps and to build bridges between them. Just as the policy maker draws upon political statements, policy imperatives, and research findings and trends to provide the rational for a policy proposal, the historian must sift through hundreds, if not thousands, of seemingly disconnected items to form common threads that allow for the construction of the narrative. Both a
{"title":"Alix R. Green: History, Policy and Public Purpose: Historians and Historical Thinking in Government","authors":"Jean-Pierre Morin","doi":"10.1515/IPH-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/IPH-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since the first historian realized that the study of the past helps us understand what is happening in the present (and quickly followed up with the additional realization that decision makers seemed to have a knack for ignoring the historical viewpoint), the argument has been made that “history” is a vital part of the decisions of those who lead government. In the early years of the Public History movement, considerable attention was paid to the issue of “history and policy,” some even calling for a separate subfield, called “applied history.” In the first decades of its publication, The Public Historian, the first journal dedicated to the field, ran several articles about what historians could contribute to the policy making process.1 More often than not, the arguments focused on the historical knowledge that we as historians could bring to the process of policy development in helping them make more informed (and therefore better) decisions. Alix Green, in History, Policy and Public Purpose: Historians and Historical Thinking in Government, picks up the challenge of making history relevant to policy makers by turning the historian vs. policy maker dynamic on its head. In a concise and accessible work, Green aims to challenge the view that historians should be considered outside experts who, as she says, translate “academic research for policy makers.” Rather she argues that historians need to be “insiders” who are actively involved in the process of policy making. From this perspective, it is not the historical knowledge that has been accumulated by historians that is of the utmost relevance – although it can play a significant role – but rather, it is the way in which historians have been trained to build arguments, conduct research and present findings that should matter most to policy makers. She describes this as the “historian’s toolbox” – the various “tools” with which historical thinking (our process) can be put to use in a completely different field. For Green, whose background in policy development has clearly had an influence on her approach, there are many similarities between history and policy. Most notably, history and policy are “messy.” Just as historians are never privy to all possible information, policy analysts can never have a complete picture of the policy issue and “must operate within constraints that are necessarily imperfectly understood.”2 Historical thinking assumes from the start that not all information will be completely uncovered; and therefore, the goal of the historical method is concerned with discerning ways that best address the information gaps and to build bridges between them. Just as the policy maker draws upon political statements, policy imperatives, and research findings and trends to provide the rational for a policy proposal, the historian must sift through hundreds, if not thousands, of seemingly disconnected items to form common threads that allow for the construction of the narrative. Both a","PeriodicalId":52352,"journal":{"name":"International Public History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/IPH-2019-0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49368574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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