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Assessment of Decision-Making Capacity in 97 Hospitalized Patients With Cancer: A Call for Standardization 评估九十七名住院癌症患者的决策能力:呼吁标准化
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.05.004
Hospitalized patients with cancer face pivotal decisions that will affect their cancer care trajectory and quality of life, but frequently lack decision making capacity (DMC). Standardization is conspicuously missing for inpatient oncology teams and for consultation-liaison psychiatrists performing DMC assessments for patients with cancer. This study sought to characterize a single institutional experience of psychiatric consultations to assess DMC. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 97 consecutive psychiatric consultations for DMC from 2017 to 2019. Demographic, hospital-based, and psychiatry consult differences were assessed based on the reasons for DMC evaluation (uncertainty, patient refusal, and emergency) and whether patients had decisional capacity. Out of 97 consultations, 56 (59%) hospitalized patients with cancer were unable to demonstrate capacity. Consultations came from medical services almost exclusively. Only 5% of primary teams documented their own DMC evaluation. Only 22% of DMC evaluation by consultation-liaison psychiatrists documented four determinates of DMC. Few commented on reversibility or tenuousness of DMC, and the identification of agents/surrogates; however, psychiatry consultants were more likely to follow up on patients without DMC. One-third of patients died in the hospital and two-thirds of patients were deceased 3 months after the consult. Given the substantial heterogeneity in the documentation of DMC evaluations in this retrospective chart review, we call for more rigor and standardization in documentation of DMC evaluations.
住院癌症患者面临着影响其癌症治疗轨迹和生活质量的关键决定,但他们往往缺乏决策能力(DMC)。住院肿瘤团队和咨询联络精神科医生在为癌症患者进行 DMC 评估时明显缺乏标准化。本研究试图描述一家机构在进行精神科会诊以评估 DMC 方面的经验。我们对 2017 年至 2019 年连续 97 次 DMC 精神科会诊进行了回顾性病历审查。根据 DMC 评估的原因(不确定性、患者拒绝和紧急情况)以及患者是否具有决策能力,评估了人口统计学、医院和精神科会诊的差异。在 97 例咨询中,56 例(59%)住院癌症患者无法证明其行为能力。会诊几乎全部来自医疗服务机构。只有 5% 的初级团队记录了自己的 DMC 评估。只有 22% 的会诊联络精神科医生在 DMC 评估中记录了 DMC 的四个决定因素。很少有人对 DMC 的可逆性或不稳定性以及代理人/替代人的识别发表评论;然而,精神科顾问更有可能对没有 DMC 的患者进行随访。三分之一的患者在住院期间死亡,三分之二的患者在会诊 3 个月后死亡。鉴于此次回顾性病历审查中对 DMC 评估的记录存在很大差异,我们呼吁对 DMC 评估的记录应更加严格和标准化。
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引用次数: 0
Psychiatric Explanations of Poor Oral Intake: A Clinically Focused Review 口腔摄入不足的精神病学解释:临床重点回顾。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.08.006
Eliane Grace A.B. , Beth Heaney D.N.P., P.M.H.N.P. , Alexandra France M.D. , Tanya Bruckel M.D. , Mark A. Oldham M.D.

Background

Poor oral intake (POI) among medical-surgical inpatients can cause malnutrition and delay recovery due to medical consequences and the need for more invasive nutritional support. Many psychiatric conditions can cause POI; however, the role that psychiatric conditions play in POI has received limited attention to date.

Objective

This review aggregates available information on POI due to psychiatric conditions and provides a framework for the clinical approach to these conditions in hospitalized adult patients.

Methods

We searched PubMed and EMBASE for reviews of POI due to psychiatric causes, but no relevant publications were identified. Diagnostic criteria for relevant conditions in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision and Rome IV were reviewed, as were C-L psychiatry textbooks and relevant society websites. This review was further supplemented by a case conference at the authors' institution.

Results

We have divided results into five sections for clinical utility: (1) the need to rule out medical causes of POI; (2) unpleasant somatic experiences, including psychotropic causes; (3) mood, psychotic, catatonic, and neurocognitive disorders that can present with POI; (4) eating and feeding disorders; and (5) personal and interpersonal explanations of POI. Within each section, we review how to identify and manage each condition, specifically considering the effects of treatment on oral intake.

Conclusions

The clinical management of POI varies based on cause. For instance, psychostimulants can cause POI due to inappetence; however, they can treat POI due to abulia by improving motivation. The fact that such a broad range of psychiatric conditions can cause POI calls for a systematic clinical approach that considers the categories of potential causes. We also identified a need for prospective studies focused on the management of POI due to psychiatric conditions, as the literature on this topic is limited to case reports, case series, and retrospective cohort studies.
背景:内外科住院病人口腔摄入不足(POI)会导致营养不良,并因医疗后果和需要更多侵入性营养支持而延迟康复。许多精神疾病都可导致口腔摄入不足,但迄今为止,精神疾病在口腔摄入不足中所起的作用受到的关注有限:本综述汇集了有关精神疾病引起的急性营养不良的现有信息,并为住院成人患者的临床治疗提供了一个框架:方法:我们在 PubMed 和 EMBASE 中检索了有关精神疾病引起的 POI 的综述,但未发现相关出版物。我们还查阅了 DSM-5-TR 和 Rome IV 中相关病症的诊断标准,以及 C-L 精神病学教科书和相关学会网站。此外,作者所在机构还召开了一次病例讨论会,进一步补充了这一回顾:出于临床实用性考虑,我们将结果分为五个部分:(1)需要排除POI的医学和精神药物原因;(2)导致POI的不愉快躯体体验;(3)可能出现POI的情绪、精神、紧张和神经认知障碍;(4)进食和喂养障碍;以及(5)POI的个人和人际解释。在每一部分中,我们将回顾如何识别和处理每种情况,特别是考虑治疗对口腔摄入量的影响:POI的临床治疗因病因而异。例如,精神刺激剂可能会导致不思饮食引起的 POI;但是,精神刺激剂可以通过改善动机来治疗因食量不足引起的 POI。事实上,如此广泛的精神疾病都可能引起 POI,这就要求我们采用一种系统的临床方法,对潜在病因进行分类考虑。我们还发现,由于有关这一主题的文献仅限于病例报告、系列病例和回顾性队列研究,因此有必要开展前瞻性研究,重点关注精神病引起的 POI 的管理。
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引用次数: 0
Consultation-Liaison Case Conference: Assessment and Management of a Physician With Thoughts of Suicide 会诊-联络病例会议:对一名有自杀念头的医生的评估和管理
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.05.006
We present the case of a physician who engages with a peer response team and discloses suicidal ideation while himself seeing patients in the hospital. Top experts in consultation-liaison psychiatry provide guidance for this clinical case based on their experience and a review of the available literature. Key teaching topics include a general approach to suicide risk assessment, peer response programs for healthcare workers, and ethical and clinical considerations in treating colleagues. Consultation-liaison psychiatrists should be familiar with suicide risk management, take a pro-active approach to addressing modifiable risk factors, and keep in mind unique challenges of treating colleagues referred for care.
我们介绍了一名医生在医院为病人看病时与同伴反应小组接触并透露自杀意念的案例。咨询联络精神病学领域的顶级专家根据他们的经验和对现有文献的回顾,为这一临床案例提供了指导。主要的教学主题包括自杀风险评估的一般方法、医护人员的同伴反应计划以及治疗同事时的伦理和临床考虑因素。咨询联络精神科医生应熟悉自杀风险管理,采取积极主动的方法来应对可改变的风险因素,并牢记治疗转诊同事的独特挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Variations in Legislation for the Care of Anorexia Nervosa Across States 厌食症护理立法。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.05.005
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引用次数: 0
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Patients Presenting to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Consultation-Liaison Service in a Large Urban Hospital COVID-19 大流行对一家大型城市医院儿童和青少年精神科咨询联络服务处就诊患者心理健康的影响。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.05.002
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引用次数: 0
Delirium in the United States: Results From the 2023 Cross-Sectional World Delirium Awareness Day Prevalence Study 美国的谵妄:2023 年 "世界谵妄意识日 "流行率横断面研究结果。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.06.005

Background

Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction associated with an increased risk of mortality and future dementia.

Objectives

To describe the prevalence of clinically documented delirium in the United States on World Delirium Awareness Day 2023.

Methods

This is a sub-analysis of a prospective, cross-sectional, online, international survey. All health care settings were eligible, with the exception of operating rooms and outpatient clinics. Health care clinicians, administrators, and researchers completed the survey. The primary outcome was the prevalence of clinically documented delirium at 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. on March 15, 2023. Secondary outcomes were related to health care delivery. Descriptive statistics are reported. Differences between unit types (non-intensive care unit vs intensive care unit) were examined for all outcomes.

Results

Ninety-one hospital units reported on 1318/1213 patients. The prevalence of clinically documented delirium was 16.4% (n = 216/1318) at 8:00 a.m. and 17.9% (n = 217/1213) at 8:00 p.m. (P = 0.316) and significantly differed between age groups, reported discipline, unit, and hospital types. Significant differences were identified between non-intensive care unit and intensive care unit settings in the use of delirium-related protocols, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management, educational processes, and barriers to evidence-based delirium care.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic survey of clinically documented delirium across two time points in the United States. Delirium remains a significant burden and challenge for health care systems. The high percentage of units using delirium management protocols suggests administrator and clinician awareness of evidence-based strategies for its detection and mitigation. We provide recommendations for future studies and quality improvement projects to improve clinical recognition and management of delirium.
重要性:谵妄是一种急性脑功能障碍,与死亡率和未来痴呆症风险增加有关:描述 2023 年 "世界谵妄意识日 "当天美国有临床记录的谵妄患病率:设计:一项前瞻性、横断面、在线国际调查的子分析:除手术室和门诊部外,所有医疗机构均符合条件:主要结果和衡量标准:主要结果和测量指标:2023 年 3 月 15 日上午 8:00 和晚上 8:00 有临床记录的谵妄发生率。次要结果与医疗服务相关。报告了描述性统计数字。对所有结果进行了单位类型(非重症监护病房与重症监护病房)之间的差异检查:91个医院单位报告了1,318/1,213名患者的情况。临床记录的谵妄发生率在上午 8:00 为 16.4%(n=216/1,318),在下午 8:00 为 17.9%(n=217/1,213)(p=0.316),不同年龄组、报告学科、科室和医院类型之间存在显著差异。非重症监护病房和重症监护病房在谵妄相关协议的使用、非药物和药物管理、教育过程以及循证谵妄护理的障碍方面存在显著差异:据我们所知,这是美国首次对两个时间点上有临床记录的谵妄进行流行病学调查。谵妄仍然是医疗保健系统的一个重大负担和挑战。使用谵妄管理协议的单位比例很高,这表明管理者和临床医生都意识到了检测和缓解谵妄的循证策略。我们对未来的研究和质量改进项目提出了建议,以改善谵妄的临床识别和管理。
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引用次数: 0
Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders and Their Association With Clinical Outcomes in Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome 糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗性高血糖综合征的精神障碍和药物使用障碍及其与临床结果的关系。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.02.007

Background and Objective

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are life-threatening conditions that send nearly 180,000 patients to the intensive care unit each year, with mortality rates up to 5–10%. Little is known about the impact of concurrent psychiatric disorders on specific DKA/HHS outcomes. Identifying these relationships offers opportunities to improve clinical management, treatment planning, and mitigate associated morbidity and mortality.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review including adult DKA/HHS admissions within a large Massachusetts hospital system from 2010 to 2019. We identified patients admitted inpatient for DKA or HHS, then filtered by International Classification of Disease-9-CM and International Classification of Disease-10-CM codes for psychiatric diagnoses that were present in patients electronic medical record at any point in this observational period. Outcomes included the number of inpatient admissions for DKA/HHS, age of death, rates of discharging against medical advice (AMA) from any inpatient admission, and end-stage renal disease/dialysis status. Multivariate regression was conducted using R software to control for variables across patients and evaluate relationships between outcomes and concurrent psychiatric disorders. Significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

Seven thousand seven hundred fifty-six patients were admitted for DKA or HHS, 66.9% of whom had a concurrent psychiatric disorder. Of these patients, 54.5% were male, 70.4% were White, and they had an average age of 61.6 years. This compares with 26.1% with concurrent psychiatric condition within the general diabetes population, 52.1% of whom were male, 72.1% were White, and an average age of 68.2 years. A concurrent psychiatric disorder was associated with increased odds of rehospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.62 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35–1.95, P < 0.001), of being diagnosed with end-stage renal disease and on dialysis (aOR = 1.02 95% CI 1.002–1.035, P = 0.02), and of leaving AMA (aOR = 6.44 95% CI 4.46–9.63, P < 0.001). The average age of death for those with a concurrent psychiatric disorder had an adjusted mean difference in years of −7.5 years (95% CI −9.3 to 5.8) compared to those without a psychiatric disorder.

Conclusions

Of patients with DKA/HHS, 66.9% have a concurrent psychiatric disorder. Patients with a concurrent psychiatric disorder admitted for DKA/HHS were more likely to have multiple admissions, to leave AMA, to be on renal dialysis, and to have a lower age of mortality.
背景:糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)和高渗性高血糖状态(HHS)是一种危及生命的疾病,每年有近 18 万患者被送入重症监护室,死亡率高达 5-10%。人们对并发精神障碍对 DKA/HHS 具体结果的影响知之甚少。确定这些关系为改善临床管理、治疗计划以及降低相关发病率和死亡率提供了机会:我们对马萨诸塞州一家大型医院系统在 2010 - 2019 年期间收治的成人 DKA/HHS 患者进行了回顾性分析。我们确定了因 DKA 或 HHS 而入院的患者,然后通过 ICD-9-CM、ICD-10-CM 代码筛选出患者 EMR 中在观察期内任何时间点出现的精神科诊断。结果包括因 DKA/HHS 住院的人数、死亡年龄、任何住院病例的违抗医嘱出院率 (AMA) 以及 ESRD/透析状态。使用 R 软件进行多变量回归,以控制不同患者的变量,并评估结果与并发精神疾病之间的关系。显著性以 p 为标准:7756 名患者因 DKA 或 HHS 入院,其中 66.9% 的患者同时患有精神疾病。其中 54.5% 为男性,70.4% 为白人,平均年龄为 61.6 岁。相比之下,在普通糖尿病患者中,有 26.1% 同时患有精神疾病,其中 52.1% 为男性,72.1% 为白人,平均年龄为 68.2 岁。并发精神障碍与再次住院的几率增加有关(aOR= 1.62 95%Cl 1.35 - 1.95, p结论:66.9% 的 DKA/HHS 患者并发精神障碍。因 DKA/HHS 而入院的并发精神障碍患者更有可能多次入院、离开 AMA、接受肾透析,且死亡率较低。
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引用次数: 0
Concurrent Clozapine and Amiodarone Treatment 同时使用氯氮平和胺碘酮治疗。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.06.001
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引用次数: 0
Interdisciplinary Training of Agitation Management by the Proactive C-L Team Reaffirms “Service Recovery” and Maintenance of Optimism 积极主动的 C-L 团队提供的关于躁动管理的跨学科培训重申了 "服务恢复 "和保持乐观。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.05.001
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引用次数: 0
Hydralazine-Induced Visual and Auditory Hallucinations in a Kidney Transplant Patient: Case Report 一名肾移植患者因肼屈嗪引起视听幻觉:病例报告。
IF 2.7 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaclp.2024.06.004
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
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