Laura Franco-Henao, Carmen Rodriguez-Sumaza, Carlos Borondo-Arribas, Emmanuel Muzigirwa-Muke
Background: The channels linking the demographic and economic situation of a population are numerous. We focus on the process of a demographic transition and the demographic dividend that Sub-Saharan Africa and, in particular, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are currently undergoing. Data source and methods: Secondary data are used to highlight the diverse paths of demographic transition in Sub-Saharan African countries. Additionally, the specific situation of the DRC is selected as a case study. Results: The potential of Sub-Saharan Africa to enjoy a demographic dividend is exceptional. Although the DRC is in the group of the least advanced countries, its increasing share of working age population is a key to reap the benefits of the potential economic growth. Conclusion: There are some recent economic and social advancements in the DRC, but the benefits of its demographic performance are dependent on whether government and institutions are capable of responding to current circumstances with targeted, effective and coordinated policies.
{"title":"The demographic transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo: facts and challenges to reach a demographic dividend.","authors":"Laura Franco-Henao, Carmen Rodriguez-Sumaza, Carlos Borondo-Arribas, Emmanuel Muzigirwa-Muke","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1207","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The channels linking the demographic and economic situation of a population are numerous. We focus on the process of a demographic transition and the demographic dividend that Sub-Saharan Africa and, in particular, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are currently undergoing. Data source and methods: Secondary data are used to highlight the diverse paths of demographic transition in Sub-Saharan African countries. Additionally, the specific situation of the DRC is selected as a case study. Results: The potential of Sub-Saharan Africa to enjoy a demographic dividend is exceptional. Although the DRC is in the group of the least advanced countries, its increasing share of working age population is a key to reap the benefits of the potential economic growth. Conclusion: There are some recent economic and social advancements in the DRC, but the benefits of its demographic performance are dependent on whether government and institutions are capable of responding to current circumstances with targeted, effective and coordinated policies.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47629118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Migration today is a complex process determined by inter-related historical, geographical, economic, sociological and political factors. There are linkages between life-course transitions and patterns of movement necessitating estimation of migration propensities by age, sex and other characteristics. However, analysis of age specific migration propensities has been limited in developing countries. Data source and methods: Data was derived from the 2009 Kenya population and housing Census via the IPUMS data Series. The standard 7-parameter age migration schedule due to Rogers and Castro (1981) was fitted using Microsoft excel workbook using solver. Results: Large volumes of movements occur between ages 17 and 24.The peak ages at migration are similar to those observed in Asian migration patterns. The age pattern for all the regions had two peaks contrary to the standard with four. Conclusion: The results suggest that the main contributory factors behind migration schedules are schooling, labour force and associational moves.
{"title":"Age schedules of intra-provincial migration in Kenya","authors":"V. Awuor, G. Odipo, A. Agwanda","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1213","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Migration today is a complex process determined by inter-related historical, geographical, economic, sociological and political factors. There are linkages between life-course transitions and patterns of movement necessitating estimation of migration propensities by age, sex and other characteristics. However, analysis of age specific migration propensities has been limited in developing countries. Data source and methods: Data was derived from the 2009 Kenya population and housing Census via the IPUMS data Series. The standard 7-parameter age migration schedule due to Rogers and Castro (1981) was fitted using Microsoft excel workbook using solver. Results: Large volumes of movements occur between ages 17 and 24.The peak ages at migration are similar to those observed in Asian migration patterns. The age pattern for all the regions had two peaks contrary to the standard with four. Conclusion: The results suggest that the main contributory factors behind migration schedules are schooling, labour force and associational moves.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context/Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by an extraordinary diversification of living arrangements. It is a debatable question whether these features are evolving alongside the deep economic and social changes observed in the past few decades. Despite numerous studies on family changes and their effects, very few analyses consider different ethnic and geographical contexts. Data Source and Methods: The paper observe the interaction between modernization and cultural heritage in shaping living arrangements in 10 sub-Saharan countries and in 38 ethnic groups. A temporal perspective has been adopted, comparing two successive DHS carried out between 1990 and 2013. Stratifying by ethnic groups and rural/urban contexts, factor analysis and hierarchical classification analysis investigate how living arrangements combine with fertility levels and socio-economic characteristics. Findings: The results support the large heterogeneity of living arrangements and the increase of new family forms, rather than the existence of a convergence process on a single nuclear family pattern. Ethnic background is confirmed a valid interpretative key, necessary to understand the cultural substrate in which the modernization factors brought by globalization act. Conclusion: National governments should develop and implement family policies that can raise the wellbeing of the emerging family models. In particular, family policies should support households in providing care and economic, material, psychological and affective support for their members.
{"title":"Living arrangements in sub-Saharan Africa between modernization and ethnicity","authors":"Giuseppe Gabrielli, A. Paterno, P. Sacco","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1206","url":null,"abstract":"Context/Background: Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by an extraordinary diversification of living arrangements. It is a debatable question whether these features are evolving alongside the deep economic and social changes observed in the past few decades. Despite numerous studies on family changes and their effects, very few analyses consider different ethnic and geographical contexts. Data Source and Methods: The paper observe the interaction between modernization and cultural heritage in shaping living arrangements in 10 sub-Saharan countries and in 38 ethnic groups. A temporal perspective has been adopted, comparing two successive DHS carried out between 1990 and 2013. Stratifying by ethnic groups and rural/urban contexts, factor analysis and hierarchical classification analysis investigate how living arrangements combine with fertility levels and socio-economic characteristics. Findings: The results support the large heterogeneity of living arrangements and the increase of new family forms, rather than the existence of a convergence process on a single nuclear family pattern. Ethnic background is confirmed a valid interpretative key, necessary to understand the cultural substrate in which the modernization factors brought by globalization act. Conclusion: National governments should develop and implement family policies that can raise the wellbeing of the emerging family models. In particular, family policies should support households in providing care and economic, material, psychological and affective support for their members.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context/Background : The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a public health challenge. Globally, South Africa ranks second in HIV prevalence and has the second lowest fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa. The effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility is contentious, although it is often assumed in population projections that HIV/AIDS reduces fertility. This study examines the effect of HIV/AIDS on the probability of getting pregnant among South Africa’s educators controlling for confounders. Data Source and Methods : The data consisted of a representative sample of educators in public schools in South Africa in 2004. Statistical analysis utilized multivariate logistic regression. Results: Controlling for confounders, HIV positive women educators aged 18-34 had higher odds of being pregnant in the preceding 12 months compared with HIV negative women educators in the same age group. Conclusion: There was no evidence from this study that HIV positive women were less likely to be pregnant than HIV negative women.
{"title":"Effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility: historical evidence from South Africa’s women educators","authors":"E. Udjo","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1205","url":null,"abstract":"Context/Background : The HIV/AIDS epidemic remains a public health challenge. Globally, South Africa ranks second in HIV prevalence and has the second lowest fertility rate in sub-Saharan Africa. The effect of HIV/AIDS on fertility is contentious, although it is often assumed in population projections that HIV/AIDS reduces fertility. This study examines the effect of HIV/AIDS on the probability of getting pregnant among South Africa’s educators controlling for confounders. Data Source and Methods : The data consisted of a representative sample of educators in public schools in South Africa in 2004. Statistical analysis utilized multivariate logistic regression. Results: Controlling for confounders, HIV positive women educators aged 18-34 had higher odds of being pregnant in the preceding 12 months compared with HIV negative women educators in the same age group. Conclusion: There was no evidence from this study that HIV positive women were less likely to be pregnant than HIV negative women.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Banougnin, A. Adekunle, A. Oladokun, M. A. Sanni
Context/Background: Evidence shows that addressing the unmet need for FP of vulnerable groups such as rural-to-urban migrants is another alternative to lowering fertility in developing countries. This study examines how migration affects unmet need in Cotonou. Data Source and Methods: We employed multinomial logistic regression using 2012 Benin Republic Demographic and Health Survey data concerning 827 married women aged 15-49 years and residing in Cotonou. Findings: Findings show that recent migrants were less likely to have an unmet need than non-migrants. Then, earlier migrants and non-migrants had similar odds of unmet need. After adjusting for socioeconomic variables, the risks of unmet need for spacing and limiting among recent migrants decreased and increased, respectively, by 7%. Earlier migrants became significantly less likely to have an unmet need for spacing births than non-migrants. Conclusion: The odds of unmet need are lower among migrants than non-migrants, but complementary research on migrants’ fertility in Cotonou is necessary before any conclusion.
{"title":"Internal migration and unmet need for family planning in Cotonou, Benin Republic","authors":"B. Banougnin, A. Adekunle, A. Oladokun, M. A. Sanni","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1212","url":null,"abstract":"Context/Background: Evidence shows that addressing the unmet need for FP of vulnerable groups such as rural-to-urban migrants is another alternative to lowering fertility in developing countries. This study examines how migration affects unmet need in Cotonou. Data Source and Methods: We employed multinomial logistic regression using 2012 Benin Republic Demographic and Health Survey data concerning 827 married women aged 15-49 years and residing in Cotonou. Findings: Findings show that recent migrants were less likely to have an unmet need than non-migrants. Then, earlier migrants and non-migrants had similar odds of unmet need. After adjusting for socioeconomic variables, the risks of unmet need for spacing and limiting among recent migrants decreased and increased, respectively, by 7%. Earlier migrants became significantly less likely to have an unmet need for spacing births than non-migrants. Conclusion: The odds of unmet need are lower among migrants than non-migrants, but complementary research on migrants’ fertility in Cotonou is necessary before any conclusion.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47837148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Banougnin, A. Adekunle, A. Oladokun, M. A. Sanni
Context/Background: In developing countries, fertility is usually higher in rural than urban areas. This is partly due to lower access to and utilization of reproductive health services in rural areas. However, migration to cities may alter the fertility behaviour of migrants from rural areas. Data Source and Methods: The study used 2012 Benin Republic Demographic and Health Survey data and focused on married women aged 15-49 years and residing in Cotonou (n=722). Tobit regression was employed for the multivariate-level analysis. Findings: The results showed that migrants adapt gradually to the fertility patterns of non-migrants. This gradual adaptation is compounded by a relative selectivity of migrants whose fertility preferences are similar to those of non-migrants. Finally, recent migrants for employment or school reason had the lowest number of births over the past five years, which supports the disruption hypothesis. Conclusion: The migration-fertility relationship depends on the length of residence, migrant’ socioeconomic characteristics and reason for migration.
{"title":"Impact of internal migration on fertility in Cotonou, Benin Republic","authors":"B. Banougnin, A. Adekunle, A. Oladokun, M. A. Sanni","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1209","url":null,"abstract":"Context/Background: In developing countries, fertility is usually higher in rural than urban areas. This is partly due to lower access to and utilization of reproductive health services in rural areas. However, migration to cities may alter the fertility behaviour of migrants from rural areas. Data Source and Methods: The study used 2012 Benin Republic Demographic and Health Survey data and focused on married women aged 15-49 years and residing in Cotonou (n=722). Tobit regression was employed for the multivariate-level analysis. Findings: The results showed that migrants adapt gradually to the fertility patterns of non-migrants. This gradual adaptation is compounded by a relative selectivity of migrants whose fertility preferences are similar to those of non-migrants. Finally, recent migrants for employment or school reason had the lowest number of births over the past five years, which supports the disruption hypothesis. Conclusion: The migration-fertility relationship depends on the length of residence, migrant’ socioeconomic characteristics and reason for migration.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46771020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Welfare differential is a common phenomenon among South African population which can be manifested in terms of various economic and health outcomes. Using child mortality (CM) as one of a key measure of the country’s health system, the study attempted to show its spatial distribution and the association with economic disparities in the country. Methods: The study primarily aimed to derive estimates of CM rates for the municipalities and provinces of South Africa and assessed the results in relation to some welfare measures such as poverty and inequality. The estimation of CM rates was achieved through the use of direct synthetic cohort methods with Bayesian spatial smoothing. The smoothing process helped to generate accurate municipal level estimates of CM. The model utilized information from neighboring municipalities by controlling the effects of women’s education and HIV. Results: It was found that there were clear spatial differentials of CM in the country, where at province level under-five mortality (U5M) rate (deaths per 1000 live births) ranges from 26 in Western Cape to 71 in KwaZulu-Natal. At municipal level, it ranges from 24 in City of Cape Town to 109 in uPhongolo. It was also shown that CM was higher in poorer and more unequal areas, although there were cases which had inverse relationship. For instance, several municipalities in Limpopo province scored relatively lower child mortality rates though the level of poverty is very high Conclusions: The study revealed significant spatial differentials of CM in the country, which were also associated with the level of poverty and income inequality. The findings may help local and national government to implement policies more effectively and make more focused decisions for a better health outcome.
{"title":"Spatial analysis of child mortality and welfare differentials in South Africa: evidences from the 2011 Census","authors":"Samuel A. Zewdie, Visseho Adjiwajnou","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1214","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Welfare differential is a common phenomenon among South African population which can be manifested in terms of various economic and health outcomes. Using child mortality (CM) as one of a key measure of the country’s health system, the study attempted to show its spatial distribution and the association with economic disparities in the country. Methods: The study primarily aimed to derive estimates of CM rates for the municipalities and provinces of South Africa and assessed the results in relation to some welfare measures such as poverty and inequality. The estimation of CM rates was achieved through the use of direct synthetic cohort methods with Bayesian spatial smoothing. The smoothing process helped to generate accurate municipal level estimates of CM. The model utilized information from neighboring municipalities by controlling the effects of women’s education and HIV. Results: It was found that there were clear spatial differentials of CM in the country, where at province level under-five mortality (U5M) rate (deaths per 1000 live births) ranges from 26 in Western Cape to 71 in KwaZulu-Natal. At municipal level, it ranges from 24 in City of Cape Town to 109 in uPhongolo. It was also shown that CM was higher in poorer and more unequal areas, although there were cases which had inverse relationship. For instance, several municipalities in Limpopo province scored relatively lower child mortality rates though the level of poverty is very high Conclusions: The study revealed significant spatial differentials of CM in the country, which were also associated with the level of poverty and income inequality. The findings may help local and national government to implement policies more effectively and make more focused decisions for a better health outcome.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64214428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Mulenga, M. C. Mulenga, B. B. Bwalya, Christabel Ngongola-Reinke
Context/Background: Zambia has one of the highest rates of child marriages in the world. This study sought to establish the determinants of child marriage in rural and urban areas of Zambia, and to determine the influence of child marriage on fertility preferences of women in Zambia. Data source and methods : The study utilized data from the 2013-2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey. Data was analysed using the Binary Logistic and Poisson regression models. Results: Timing of conception, age at first sex, region of residence, education level of respondent and their partners, and family size were significant predictors of child marriages in urban areas. In rural areas, region of residence, age at fist sex, education level of respondent and their partners, and family size had significant influence on child marriages. The study further found that women who got married below the age of 18 preferred a higher number of children. Conclusion: The study established that various factors influence child marriages in urban and rural Zambia and in turn child marriages influence the preferred number of children. The findings suggest a multipronged approach to addressing the root cause of the problem.
{"title":"Too young to be a wife! analysis of the factors influencing child marriages and its influence on the preferred number of children among women in Zambia.","authors":"J. Mulenga, M. C. Mulenga, B. B. Bwalya, Christabel Ngongola-Reinke","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1210","url":null,"abstract":"Context/Background: Zambia has one of the highest rates of child marriages in the world. This study sought to establish the determinants of child marriage in rural and urban areas of Zambia, and to determine the influence of child marriage on fertility preferences of women in Zambia. Data source and methods : The study utilized data from the 2013-2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey. Data was analysed using the Binary Logistic and Poisson regression models. Results: Timing of conception, age at first sex, region of residence, education level of respondent and their partners, and family size were significant predictors of child marriages in urban areas. In rural areas, region of residence, age at fist sex, education level of respondent and their partners, and family size had significant influence on child marriages. The study further found that women who got married below the age of 18 preferred a higher number of children. Conclusion: The study established that various factors influence child marriages in urban and rural Zambia and in turn child marriages influence the preferred number of children. The findings suggest a multipronged approach to addressing the root cause of the problem.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41737494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. A. Onyekwelu, E. A. Obienusi, A. Mozie, I. Nwosu, Y. Adewoyin, C. C. Ndichie, Emeka E. Igboeli, R. U. Ayadiuno
Background: The upsurge of deaths from gastroenteritis in South-East Nigeria within the last decade has become an issue of concern. Using Anambra State as a case study, this paper examined the trend of reported cases of gastroenteritis and associated fatalities among children with a view to mapping the spatial pattern and underlying causes. Data source and methods: Water samples collected from the available domestic sources in each of the selected 21 study localities were analyzed for aerobic heterotrophic count, total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci, and regressed with gastroenteritis data sourced from the State epidemiological surveillance unit. Results: The results showed that the near-epidemic 58,269 incidents of gastroenteritis recorded in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria between 2004 and 2008 had a spatial pattern and occurred in clusters with the highest number of 287 deaths occurring in Idemili North/South constituency. The study further showed that the consumption of contaminated water was responsible for the spread of the disease Conclusion: Hand washing practices, food hygiene, proper waste management, and the provision of basic infrastructure for improved health outcomes among the population are suggested inorder to curb the spread of gastroenteritis.
{"title":"Mapping incidents of infant mortality arising from gastroenteritis: a case study from South-East Nigeria","authors":"C. A. Onyekwelu, E. A. Obienusi, A. Mozie, I. Nwosu, Y. Adewoyin, C. C. Ndichie, Emeka E. Igboeli, R. U. Ayadiuno","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1189","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The upsurge of deaths from gastroenteritis in South-East Nigeria within the last decade has become an issue of concern. Using Anambra State as a case study, this paper examined the trend of reported cases of gastroenteritis and associated fatalities among children with a view to mapping the spatial pattern and underlying causes. Data source and methods: Water samples collected from the available domestic sources in each of the selected 21 study localities were analyzed for aerobic heterotrophic count, total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci, and regressed with gastroenteritis data sourced from the State epidemiological surveillance unit. Results: The results showed that the near-epidemic 58,269 incidents of gastroenteritis recorded in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria between 2004 and 2008 had a spatial pattern and occurred in clusters with the highest number of 287 deaths occurring in Idemili North/South constituency. The study further showed that the consumption of contaminated water was responsible for the spread of the disease Conclusion: Hand washing practices, food hygiene, proper waste management, and the provision of basic infrastructure for improved health outcomes among the population are suggested inorder to curb the spread of gastroenteritis.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44308737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context/background:The demographic and cultural factors that drive the crime of human trafficking have not been properly researched in Nigeria. This study therefore examines the perception of the association between population characteristics, fertility norms and human trafficking. Methods:This study used 600 respondents from Imo State. Data was collected through questionnaire and in-depth interviews from two local governments that are active sites for human trafficking. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results:The findings showed a preponderance of females as victims and traffickers than males, with a significant relationship of P<0.001 between the sex of traffickers and human trafficking. The age group that are mostly trafficked are 16-25 years for women and 5-14 years for male and female children. Large family size driven by a traditional fertility rite ( ewu- ukwu ) for women with 10+ children was found to be strongly associated with human trafficking. Conclusion:The study recommends aggressive birth control program that targets traditional fertility norms and programs that offer livelihood options and increased well being for women.
{"title":"Perception of demographic and cultural factors associated with the crime of human trafficking in Nigeria","authors":"Bonaventure N. Nwokeoma","doi":"10.11564/32-2-1196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11564/32-2-1196","url":null,"abstract":"Context/background:The demographic and cultural factors that drive the crime of human trafficking have not been properly researched in Nigeria. This study therefore examines the perception of the association between population characteristics, fertility norms and human trafficking. Methods:This study used 600 respondents from Imo State. Data was collected through questionnaire and in-depth interviews from two local governments that are active sites for human trafficking. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results:The findings showed a preponderance of females as victims and traffickers than males, with a significant relationship of P<0.001 between the sex of traffickers and human trafficking. The age group that are mostly trafficked are 16-25 years for women and 5-14 years for male and female children. Large family size driven by a traditional fertility rite ( ewu- ukwu ) for women with 10+ children was found to be strongly associated with human trafficking. Conclusion:The study recommends aggressive birth control program that targets traditional fertility norms and programs that offer livelihood options and increased well being for women.","PeriodicalId":52433,"journal":{"name":"Etude de la Population Africaine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42270824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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