Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi最新文献

The water extract of the stem of Sageretia gracilis was separated and purified using Sephadex LH-20, RP-C_(18), silica gel column chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Based on physicochemical properties, modern spectroscopic techniques, and comparison with literature, 12 compounds were identified as methyl 4-hydroxylbenzoate 1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1), 6-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl-1-O-β-D-furanopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester(2), tachioside(3), 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol-1-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyronoside(4), methyl syringate-α-L-rhamnoside(5),(7R,8R)-Δ~(7')-3,3'-dimethoxy-4,7,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-8-O-4'-neolignan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),(7S,8R)-dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(prop-2-enyl)phenyl-O-β-D-glu-(1→6)-β-D-glucoside(8), 5-hydroxy-2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl]-3-methoxylbenzoic acid(9), icariside E_3(10), 5-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy benzoic methyl ester(11), and seco-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, named sagergracioside A and sagergracioside B, respectively. All compounds were obtained from S. gracilis for the first time.

The aim is to investigate the ameliorative effects and underlying mechanisms of Fufang E'jiao Jiang on chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. A cancer-related fatigue model was established by orthotopic injection of 4T1 cells to induce breast cancer, combined with intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel. The efficacy of Fufang E'jiao Jiang in ameliorating breast cancer-associated muscle fatigue was evaluated through multimodal pharmacodynamic indices, including behavioral tests, biochemical analyses, and histopathological examinations. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to characterize the metabolic profiles and identify biomarkers in a 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mouse model with chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue. Subsequently, targeted investigations were conducted to determine the effects of Fufang E'jiao Jiang on these metabolic profiles and biomarkers. Finally, the expression of key metabolic enzymes was detected by Western blot. Based on the tumor volume measurements, Fufang E'jiao Jiang did not exert a significant inhibitory effect on tumor volume. Behavioral results showed that Fufang E'jiao Jiang could increase the grip strength, swimming exhaustion time, rotarod residence time, treadmill exercise distance and exercise time of mice with muscle fatigue. Biochemical analysis revealed that Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly downregulated the level of creatine kinase(CK) and lactate(LAC). Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that Fufang E'jiao Jiang increased the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly increased the length and width of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in fatigued mice, and restored mitochondrial morphology towards normal. Metabolomics identified 20 biomarkers in the gastrocnemius muscle of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue. Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly restored the level of 17 biomarkers, including L-arginine(Arg), L-aspartic acid(Asp), homocarnosine, and α-ketoglutarate(AKG). Furthermore, Fufang E'jiao Jiang upregulated metabolic pathways such as arginine biosynthesis, alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolism, and arginine-proline metabolism. The Western blot results indicated that Fufang E'jiao Jiang participated in arginine biosynthesis and metabolism by upregulating argininosuccinate synthase 1(ASS1) activity and downregulating arginase 1(ARG1) activity. This study demonstrates that Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly ameliorates chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. The underlying mechanism may involve modulation of Arg biosynthesis and metabolic pathways to maintain systemic arginine homeostasis. These findings provide a preliminary foundation for elucidating the mechanism of Fufang E'jiao Jiang in managing breast cancer chemotherapy-related muscle fatigue.

This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Guben Zenggu Capsules(GBZG) on oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis in bone tissue of a rat model with postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP). Sixty female Wistar rats(three months old) were randomly allocated into sham group, model group, low-dose GBZG(GBZGL) group, medium-dose GBZG(GBZGM) group, high-dose GBZG(GBZGH) group, and estrogen group. Except for the rats in the sham group, all rats underwent bilateral ovariectomy to establish the PMOP model. After 12 weeks of continuous administration, BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone microarchitecture and pathological changes were evaluated by micro-CT imaging. Bone metabolism indicators, including BGP, ICTP, PICP, and TRAP-5b, as well as oxidative stress indicators, such as MDA, SOD, and ROS, were determined by ELISA. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt C, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in bone tissue were analyzed by Western blot. The mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Cyt C, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and AIF were quantified by RT-qPCR. Immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of Caspase-3 and AIF proteins. The results showed that the rats in the model group exhibited reduced BMD, deterioration of bone microarchitecture, elevated oxidative stress, increased pro-apoptotic factors, and abnormal bone metabolism. GBZGH group could significantly reverse these pathological changes, exhibiting superior efficacy than GBZGM group and GBZGL group and effects similar to the estrogen group. These findings suggest that GBZG can exert a therapeutic effect on PMOP by inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating mitochondrial apoptosis pathways, and restoring bone metabolic homeostasis.

Addressing the common challenge that the volatility and degradation of volatile oil components restrict pharmaceutical development, this study focuses on a cross-scale regulation strategy of "particle modification-emulsion stabilization" to enhance the stability of volatile oil components. To address the imbalance of surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the water-insoluble precipitate(WIP) from Arisaema cum Bile-Bombyx Batryticatus extract, WIP-cellulose composite functional particles were successfully prepared via hydroxypropylmethylcellulose E50-mediated solvent volatilization, increasing the contact angle to 78°. Based on this, an O/W Pickering emulsion system containing volatile oil components from Acorus tatarinowii was constructed. The emulsion process was optimized through multidimensional stability indicators, including particle size, zeta potential, emulsion stability index(ESI), and post-centrifugation cream layer height. Optimal system stability was achieved with 8 mg·mL~(-1) composite particles, a 55% oil phase ratio, and high-speed shearing(14 000 r·min~(-1), 2 min). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that the WIP-cellulose composite particles formed dense adsorption layers at the oil-water interface. Thermal stability studies at 60 ℃ demonstrated that the Pickering emulsion system provided exceptional component protection via mesoscale structural barriers. The retention rates of key components(α-asarone, β-asarone, γ-asarone, cis-methyl isoeugenol, and β-calacorene) increased compared to free volatile oil components, while maintaining stable quantitative relationships. This study provides a novel solution for enhancing the stability of volatile oil components in solid TCM preparations through the organic integration of particle interface modification, mesostructure stabilization, and macroscopic property regulation.

Saikosaponin A(SSA) and saikosaponin D(SSD) were conjugated with bovine serum albumin(BSA) and ovalbumin(OVA) via the periodate oxidation method to prepare immunogens(SSA/D-BSA) and coating antigens(SSA/D-OVA), respectively. BALB/c mice were immunized with SSA/D-BSA, and 15 monoclonal antibody(mAb) cell lines against SSA/D were screened. Among these, the mAb SD6 against SSD exhibited cross-reaction rates of 100.00%, 99.94%, 95.06%, 94.89%, 1.97%, 1.89%, and 0.93% with SSD, SSA, 6″-O-acetyl-saikosaponin A, 6″-O-acetyl-saikosaponin D, saikosaponin C(SSC), saikosaponin E(SSE), and hydroxysaikosaponin A, respectively. The cross-reactivity rates with saikosaponin F(SSF), saikosaponin B1(SSB1), saikosaponin B2(SSB2), and other compounds were all less than 0.10%. An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(icELISA) based on the selected mAb SD6 against SSD demonstrated an IC_(50) value of 32.68 ng·mL~(-1), a detection range from 6.4 to 159.12 ng·mL~(-1), a spiked recovery from 95.03% to 104.5%, and RSD from 2.7% to 4.0%. The developed icELISA was applied to determine the total content of SSA and SSD in 19 batches of Bupleurum chinense DC. The results were validated using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC), with a high correlation coefficient(0.994 7) shown between the two methods. This confirms that the established icELISA is reliable for rapid quantification of the total SSA and SSD content in B. chinense.

The low water solubility of tanshinone components(TSC) limits their quality and functionality. This study innovatively constructed a composite drug-loading system of TSC self-microemulsifying dispersed micro-tablets by integrating the solubilization advantages of self-microemulsions with the stability characteristics of solid preparations. First, based on solubility tests, compatibility experiments, and pseudo-ternary phase diagram analysis, a ternary self-microemulsion system composed of ethyl oleate, polyoxyethylene castor oil, and absolute ethanol was established, and the self-microemulsion formation process was optimized using a central composite design-response surface methodology. Under the optimal self-microemulsifying conditions, the equilibrium solubility of TSC increased to(58.65 ± 0.18) mg·mL~(-1), exhibiting excellent centrifugation and dilution stability. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that the TSC self-microemulsifying system significantly improved drug release, achieving complete release within 48 h in HCl medium. Subsequently, the matrix formulation of the dispersed micro-tablets was determined through single-factor screening. The resulting micro-tablets exhibited good mechanical properties and rapid dispersion characteristics, while particle size distribution after dissolution and transmission electron microscopy images confirmed effective maintenance of the self-microemulsion structure. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and simultaneous thermal analysis indicated that TSC was successfully encapsulated within the self-microemulsifying dispersed micro-tablets, while also highlighting the need for temperature protection during production. This study successfully established a novel "liquid self-microemulsifying-solid dispersed micro-tablet" composite drug-loading system, providing a new approach for improving the bioaccessibility of TSC.

This study addresses the oxidative stability bottleneck of TCM preparations containing volatile oil components by innovatively constructing a Pickering emulsion system based on "protein-polysaccharide" supramolecular structures, enabling precise regulation of the oxidative stability of volatile oil components. Chitosan-mediated heterocoagulation technology was used to prepare "Saigae Tataricae Cornu-Chitosan" composite particles. Multi-dimensional characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, elemental energy spectrum analysis, and contact angle measurement revealed the physicochemical basis of the composite particles as Pickering stabilizers: the contact angle increased from 53.00° to 87.67°, indicating enhanced interfacial wettability. Scanning electron microscopy and surface element analysis showed increased particle volume, with Saigae Tataricae Cornu particles adhering to the serrated surface of chitosan, while surface sulfur(S) and phosphorus(P) elements were significantly reduced, demonstrating effective compounding of Saigae Tataricae Cornu powder with chitosan. Based on this, a Pickering emulsion of volatile oil from Acorus tatarinowii Schott was successfully constructed using a high-speed shear method. Laser confocal microscopy confirmed that the composite particles formed a dense adsorption layer at the oil-water interface, with an average droplet size of(1.77±0.70) μm and a zeta potential increased to(32.50±0.50) mV, indicating an electrostatically dominated stabilization mechanism. In ozone-accelerated oxidation tests, the emulsion exhibited outstanding protective efficacy, significantly reducing the formation of peroxides and malondialdehyde in volatile oil components(P<0.05, P<0.01), while effectively slowing the oxidative degradation of key active components(α-asarone and γ-asarone) and maintaining their quantitative structure. This study presents a tripartite solution, "raw powder incorporation-interface regulation-system stabilization", establishing an ozone-resistant Pickering emulsion system and providing a distinctive TCM-based strategy for overcoming the stability challenges of solid preparations containing volatile oil components.

Diabetes mellitus and its complications represent one of the most critical global public health challenges, with their pathogeneses involving complex multi-system and multi-level regulatory networks. Modern medical research confirms that diabetes mellitus not only manifests as glucose metabolism disorders characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction but also involves progressive systemic pathological changes including microcirculation disorders(encompassing microvascular complications) and organ fibrosis(macrovascular complications). On the basis of the "Qi pathway-collateral axis" theory and the trunk-branch coupling mechanism, this study thoroughly investigates the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Research findings demonstrate that Qi pathway, as the main channel for Qi and blood circulation, directly contributes to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction when its function is disrupted. Collaterals, as the finer branches of Qi and blood circulation, play a key pathological role in diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications when being obstructed. Through the analysis of the trunk(Qi pathway)-branch(collateral vessel) coupling mechanism, this study reveals the intrinsic connection between central metabolic regulation and target organ damage. In terms of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment, an intervention system focusing on regulating Qi pathway to restore metabolic balance, dredging collateral vessels to improve microcirculation, and coordinating trunk-branch interactions to prevent complications has been established. This approach aims to restore the normal function of Qi pathway and collaterals while harmonizing the trunk-branch system, thereby providing new perspectives and methods for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. By constructing the "Qi pathway-collateral axis" theoretical framework, this study not only offers innovative TCM diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the management of diabetes mellitus but also paves new ways for the modernization and clinical application of TCM theory, providing unique theoretical foundations and practical guidance for improving the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Good taste of the preparation and strict quality control standards are key factors in ensuring patient compliance, guaranteeing drug safety and efficacy, and enhancing market competitiveness, significantly impacting the quality of the preparation. Lingzhu Powder has noticeable undesirable tastes such as bitterness, fishy odor, and a gritty texture, which can cause resistance in taste-sensitive children and thus makes it difficult for them to take the medication. This study made a comprehensive analysis through volunteer sensory evaluation and found that the undesirable tastes of Lingzhu Powder originated from Bovis Calculus Artifactus(bitterness and fishy odor), Saigae Tataricae Cornu powder(fishy odor), and amber powder(gritty texture). Therefore, functional components, including flavoring agents, were used to improve the taste of Lingzhu Powder. A systematic study was conducted on the types, dosages, and ratios of these functional components, ultimately determining that the addition levels of stevioside, L-malic acid, xanthan gum, and honey peach flavoring should be 7%, 3%, 3%, and 5%, respectively, of the average total mass of the mixed powder of Lingzhu Powder. Meanwhile, to enhance the quality of the flavored Lingzhu Powder preparation and achieve precise quality control, it was proposed to incorporate microscopic identification of medicinal ingredients such as Cinnabaris, amber, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Margarita, and Bovis Calculus Artifactus, TLC identification of Bovis Calculus Artifactus, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma oil, and Borneolum Syntheticum, and content determination of key pharmacodynamic components such as cholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid into the quality standards for the flavored Lingzhu Powder. This will address the inadequacy of the original quality standards, which only included simple identification items, and ensure the safety of medication for children.

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a refractory inflammatory bowel disease with a high recurrence rate, characterized by inflammation and damage to the colonic mucosa, which severely impacts patients' quality of life. Current treatments for UC primarily rely on pharmacological interventions, including corticosteroids, aminosalicylates, biologics, and immunomodulators, but these approaches are limited by strong drug resistance and significant adverse effects. Pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death, can regulate the occurrence and progression of UC through multiple pathways by modulating diverse downstream targets, thereby providing a novel direction for UC therapy. Multiple studies have shown that pyroptosis can intervene in UC development by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, inflammasome activity, intestinal homeostasis, and the gut microbiota. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has gained increasing attention due to its minimal adverse effects, personalized therapeutic strategies, and unique advantages in enhancing efficacy while reducing toxicity. Beyond traditional compound formulas, individual TCM herbs and extracts play a pivotal role owing to their more precise target specificity. Research indicates that TCM compound formulas classified as heat-clearing and dampness-eliminating, blood-activating and collaterals-unblocking, Qi-and blood-tonifying, or addressing cold-heat complex patterns can effectively alleviate inflammation by targeting pyroptosis. This is achieved through mechanisms such as maintaining intestinal homeostasis, regulating the gut microbiota, and inhibiting intestinal oxidative stress, thereby intervening in UC progression and offering new possibilities for precision therapy. Based on this, this paper discusses three aspects: an overview of pyroptosis, the relationship between pyroptosis and UC, and the regulatory mechanisms of TCM. It summarizes recent research findings in this field, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for future clinical treatment and drug development for UC.