Traditionally, the design and maintenance of electric power facilities of electric railways in bay areas have been carried out according to a uniform classification of pollution based on distance from the coast and other factors. In order to improve the safety of these facilities and save labor for maintenance, it is necessary to subdivide this uniform classification according to the actual pollution situation. Therefore, we propose a method for estimating the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density on insulator surfaces at any point on an open section using meteorological and topographical information provided by public institutions. = about 0.5, gen eral residential area and forest = about 0.25, on the sea = about 0.14). Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Method for Estimating Equivalent Salt Deposit Density on Insulator Surfaces Using Meteorological and Topographical Information Provided by Public Institutions","authors":"Tadanori Usuki, Naoki Shibata","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_163","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the design and maintenance of electric power facilities of electric railways in bay areas have been carried out according to a uniform classification of pollution based on distance from the coast and other factors. In order to improve the safety of these facilities and save labor for maintenance, it is necessary to subdivide this uniform classification according to the actual pollution situation. Therefore, we propose a method for estimating the Equivalent Salt Deposit Density on insulator surfaces at any point on an open section using meteorological and topographical information provided by public institutions. = about 0.5, gen eral residential area and forest = about 0.25, on the sea = about 0.14). Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Moisture Behavior in Concrete Repaired by Patching Observed with Neutron Imaging","authors":"Hiroaki Suzuki, M. Uehara, M. Mizuta, Y. Otake","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Shiomi, Yoshikazu Oshimi, Kenta Tsubaki, Ken Takasaki, Terutaka Sato
The tongue rail opening force of a turnout is measured to indirectly estimate the fixing force of a turnout. Although tongue rail opening force is known to be proportional to the fixing force, it is also known that the proportional relationship sometimes does not hold. This non-proportionality can lead to mis-estimation of the fixing force, in turn causing malfunction of the switch due to the high fixing force. In order to solve this problem, we clarified the mechanism and causes of the mis-estimation related to contact between rails. The results of field investigations and motion simulation using a flexible multibody model of switch, were used to developed maintenance methods and a measurement tool for avoiding mis-estimation. and a strong fixing force may also wear of parts in the point machine and the rods. Accordingly, it is important to adjust the fixing force to within a proper range. Figure 1 shows the fixing force action and related forces on the point machine and the rods including the switch adjuster and the switching bar. The internal locking mechanism of the electric point machine and the escapement crank in switching mechanisms for large turnouts, including high-speed rail turnouts, maintain a relative position against the stock rail because they are locked into position with fixing bolts and plates. The fixing force is affected by elasticity of the rods and tongue rail between both fixed ends, which are the switching bar in an electric point machine and the contact Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Study of Anomalous Characteristics Exhibiting Between Fixing Force of Switch and Tongue Rail Opening Force","authors":"S. Shiomi, Yoshikazu Oshimi, Kenta Tsubaki, Ken Takasaki, Terutaka Sato","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_193","url":null,"abstract":"The tongue rail opening force of a turnout is measured to indirectly estimate the fixing force of a turnout. Although tongue rail opening force is known to be proportional to the fixing force, it is also known that the proportional relationship sometimes does not hold. This non-proportionality can lead to mis-estimation of the fixing force, in turn causing malfunction of the switch due to the high fixing force. In order to solve this problem, we clarified the mechanism and causes of the mis-estimation related to contact between rails. The results of field investigations and motion simulation using a flexible multibody model of switch, were used to developed maintenance methods and a measurement tool for avoiding mis-estimation. and a strong fixing force may also wear of parts in the point machine and the rods. Accordingly, it is important to adjust the fixing force to within a proper range. Figure 1 shows the fixing force action and related forces on the point machine and the rods including the switch adjuster and the switching bar. The internal locking mechanism of the electric point machine and the escapement crank in switching mechanisms for large turnouts, including high-speed rail turnouts, maintain a relative position against the stock rail because they are locked into position with fixing bolts and plates. The fixing force is affected by elasticity of the rods and tongue rail between both fixed ends, which are the switching bar in an electric point machine and the contact Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45700395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most frictional materials used in railways are made of composite material, and their macroscopic material properties are largely affected by their microscopic structure. It is useful to clarify the relationship between microscopic structure and material properties by numerical simulation for effective improvement or development of the materials. In this study, we developed an image-based microscopic model by using X-ray computed tomography for a metalized carbon pantograph contact strip material and evaluated its Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity based on the homogenization method. The calculated material properties were more consistent with the experimentally measured values than the estimated values based on the classical Voigt model. We also introduce the analysis result of the stress, temperature and cur rent density distribution in the microscopic model. There is growing demand for high energy efficiency railway vehicles which do not emit CO 2 and NOx. To meet this demand, we have been developing railway vehicles powered by a hybrid configuration of fuel cells (FC) and batteries (Bat). In the previous development stage, we installed FC and power converters in passenger areas on the train, because of their size. In addition, acceleration of the vehicle was limited to that of a conventional DMU. For this paper, using passenger areas was not necessary, because downsized FC and power converters were installed under the vehicle floor. Furthermore, we improved tractive performance to reach that of a standard EMU, by increasing the power capacity of each FC and Bat.
{"title":"Evaluation of Material Properties of Pantograph Contact Strip by Microscopic Structure Model","authors":"Fumiko Morimoto, Y. Kubota","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_200","url":null,"abstract":"Most frictional materials used in railways are made of composite material, and their macroscopic material properties are largely affected by their microscopic structure. It is useful to clarify the relationship between microscopic structure and material properties by numerical simulation for effective improvement or development of the materials. In this study, we developed an image-based microscopic model by using X-ray computed tomography for a metalized carbon pantograph contact strip material and evaluated its Young’s modulus, thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity based on the homogenization method. The calculated material properties were more consistent with the experimentally measured values than the estimated values based on the classical Voigt model. We also introduce the analysis result of the stress, temperature and cur rent density distribution in the microscopic model. There is growing demand for high energy efficiency railway vehicles which do not emit CO 2 and NOx. To meet this demand, we have been developing railway vehicles powered by a hybrid configuration of fuel cells (FC) and batteries (Bat). In the previous development stage, we installed FC and power converters in passenger areas on the train, because of their size. In addition, acceleration of the vehicle was limited to that of a conventional DMU. For this paper, using passenger areas was not necessary, because downsized FC and power converters were installed under the vehicle floor. Furthermore, we improved tractive performance to reach that of a standard EMU, by increasing the power capacity of each FC and Bat.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45387085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, the importance of obstacle detection methods for railway has been increasing. In the field of automobiles, obstacle detection systems with sensors have been introduced on mass-produced vehicles. However, in railway, a practical detection system does not exist because railways require longer detection distances than do automobiles. Therefore, we have developed a train frontal obstacle detection method using a camera and LiDAR. We confirmed that our method detects a person 200 m away, which a camera alone cannot detect, with 45% accuracy at night. Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Train Frontal Obstacle Detection Method with Camera-LiDAR Fusion","authors":"Ryo Kageyama, N. Nagamine, Hiroki Mukojima","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_181","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the importance of obstacle detection methods for railway has been increasing. In the field of automobiles, obstacle detection systems with sensors have been introduced on mass-produced vehicles. However, in railway, a practical detection system does not exist because railways require longer detection distances than do automobiles. Therefore, we have developed a train frontal obstacle detection method using a camera and LiDAR. We confirmed that our method detects a person 200 m away, which a camera alone cannot detect, with 45% accuracy at night. Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42556227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tapered roller bearings are mainly used in rotating parts of gear units on railway vehicles. In order to prevent bearing seizure and to improve gear unit reliability, it is important to ensure appropriate clearance between bearings. Bearing clearance changes from its initial value as vehicles travel due to atmospheric temperatures and variation in the initial values in the gear unit assembly, which affects bearing perfor mance. In this research, an actual gear unit was subjected to bench rotation tests under various bearing clearances and various atmospheric temperatures. Bearing temperature and torque were measured, and changes in bearing clearance were estimated. was limited to that of a conventional DMU. For this paper, using passenger areas was not necessary, because downsized FC and power converters were installed under the vehicle floor. Furthermore, we improved tractive performance to reach that of a standard EMU, by increasing the power capacity of each FC and Bat.
{"title":"Effects of Rotational Conditions on Performance of Gear Unit Pinion Bearing","authors":"Ken Takahashi, Daisuke Suzuki, Takafumi Nagatomo","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_212","url":null,"abstract":"Tapered roller bearings are mainly used in rotating parts of gear units on railway vehicles. In order to prevent bearing seizure and to improve gear unit reliability, it is important to ensure appropriate clearance between bearings. Bearing clearance changes from its initial value as vehicles travel due to atmospheric temperatures and variation in the initial values in the gear unit assembly, which affects bearing perfor mance. In this research, an actual gear unit was subjected to bench rotation tests under various bearing clearances and various atmospheric temperatures. Bearing temperature and torque were measured, and changes in bearing clearance were estimated. was limited to that of a conventional DMU. For this paper, using passenger areas was not necessary, because downsized FC and power converters were installed under the vehicle floor. Furthermore, we improved tractive performance to reach that of a standard EMU, by increasing the power capacity of each FC and Bat.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47967422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Fujita, Takuya Nomura, Takahiko Aoyagi, Shunji Morita
{"title":"Development of Automatic Train Operation System Based on Intermittent Type ATP with Continuous Speed Checks","authors":"H. Fujita, Takuya Nomura, Takahiko Aoyagi, Shunji Morita","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_187","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45337923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research and Development Activities and Future Outlook in Materials Technology","authors":"Hiroshi Ueda","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.63.3_159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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