Shinkansen trains operating in snowy areas accumulate snow on their bogies, which can sometimes lead to damage to ground facilities. To prevent this type of damage, snow is removed from trains in stations. We developed a method to estimate the amount of snow accretion on bogies: first, snow density on the rail way track is estimated using weather data, then, flying up snow flux is estimated. This is then used to predict the accumulated snow amount under the bogies. Our research confirmed that snow accretion under a bogie upon arrival at a station can be estimated to within 3 cm. running route and weather observation points of Japan Meteorological Agen-cy Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Method for Estimating Snow Accretion on Shinkansen Bogies using Weather Data","authors":"Y. Kamata, Masaya Shishido, Ryota Sato","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_245","url":null,"abstract":"Shinkansen trains operating in snowy areas accumulate snow on their bogies, which can sometimes lead to damage to ground facilities. To prevent this type of damage, snow is removed from trains in stations. We developed a method to estimate the amount of snow accretion on bogies: first, snow density on the rail way track is estimated using weather data, then, flying up snow flux is estimated. This is then used to predict the accumulated snow amount under the bogies. Our research confirmed that snow accretion under a bogie upon arrival at a station can be estimated to within 3 cm. running route and weather observation points of Japan Meteorological Agen-cy Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41318587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Iwata, Katsutomo Niwa, Takamasa Suzuki, Shunroku Yamamoto
To improve railway resilience against earthquakes, we verify and apply a developed support system to evaluate the effects of seismic countermeasure, focusing on the lost transportation volume of the railway networks. The system calculates the recovery process of the transportation volume which decreases after an earthquake, using optimization calculation by which the lost transportation volume is to be minimized. This makes us evaluate quantitatively the effect of the countermeasures. In addition, a different recovery process can be relatively evaluated. In this study, first we evaluate the performance of the system based on past earthquakes. Then comprehensively compare the effects of several seismic countermeasures such as struc tural and operational countermeasures. This paper describes that the evaluated recovery process of the lost transportation volume with the developed system is useful to implement strategic seismic countermeasures. Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Quantitative Evaluation of Seismic Countermeasure Effects Focusing on Lost Transportation Volume of Railway Networks","authors":"N. Iwata, Katsutomo Niwa, Takamasa Suzuki, Shunroku Yamamoto","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_251","url":null,"abstract":"To improve railway resilience against earthquakes, we verify and apply a developed support system to evaluate the effects of seismic countermeasure, focusing on the lost transportation volume of the railway networks. The system calculates the recovery process of the transportation volume which decreases after an earthquake, using optimization calculation by which the lost transportation volume is to be minimized. This makes us evaluate quantitatively the effect of the countermeasures. In addition, a different recovery process can be relatively evaluated. In this study, first we evaluate the performance of the system based on past earthquakes. Then comprehensively compare the effects of several seismic countermeasures such as struc tural and operational countermeasures. This paper describes that the evaluated recovery process of the lost transportation volume with the developed system is useful to implement strategic seismic countermeasures. Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are con-structed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daisuke Tatsui, K. Nakabasami, T. Kunimatsu, T. Sakaguchi, Shunichi Tanaka
{"title":"Prediction Method of Train Delay Using Deep Learning Technique","authors":"Daisuke Tatsui, K. Nakabasami, T. Kunimatsu, T. Sakaguchi, Shunichi Tanaka","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_263","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46649209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Local and intensive short bursts of heavy rain which may cause sudden hazards such as unexpected flooding are becoming more frequent in Japan. Moreover, these rains may be causing heavy rain to fall only over a limited area which may be narrower than the distance between rain gauges along railway lines. Therefore, current safety measures of train operation based on observation data measured by these gauges may not work well for these hazards. To address this problem, we developed a system that assists train stop and assists passenger evacuation to avoid those hazards. In this paper, first, we mainly describe the calculation algorithm and functions of the system. Next, we carry out simulations to confirm the validity and accuracy of calculations made by the system.
{"title":"Development of System to Assist Decisions to Stop Trains and Evacuate Passengers to Avoid Sudden Hazards due to Local and Intensive Short Bursts of Heavy Rain","authors":"Daiki Okuda, Takamasa Suzuki, N. Fukasawa","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.4_257","url":null,"abstract":"Local and intensive short bursts of heavy rain which may cause sudden hazards such as unexpected flooding are becoming more frequent in Japan. Moreover, these rains may be causing heavy rain to fall only over a limited area which may be narrower than the distance between rain gauges along railway lines. Therefore, current safety measures of train operation based on observation data measured by these gauges may not work well for these hazards. To address this problem, we developed a system that assists train stop and assists passenger evacuation to avoid those hazards. In this paper, first, we mainly describe the calculation algorithm and functions of the system. Next, we carry out simulations to confirm the validity and accuracy of calculations made by the system.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42553007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the development of a wheel friction block that integrates the functions of wheel flange lubrication and tread adhesion improvement. We devised a configuration in which friction material with adhesion increasing material on the tread and material containing solid lubricant with MoS 2 at the flange are applied vertically by a tread cleaning device. The developed blocks were tested for an express train in operation and traveled about 200,000 km. As a result, the wear rate of the wheel flanges was reduced by an average of about 40% compared to the wheel flanges of vehicles not equipped with the developed blocks. variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Development of Improved Wheel Friction Block with Integrated Flange Lubrication and Tread Adhesion Functions","authors":"K. Handa, Katsuyoshi Ikeuchi, S. Saga","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a wheel friction block that integrates the functions of wheel flange lubrication and tread adhesion improvement. We devised a configuration in which friction material with adhesion increasing material on the tread and material containing solid lubricant with MoS 2 at the flange are applied vertically by a tread cleaning device. The developed blocks were tested for an express train in operation and traveled about 200,000 km. As a result, the wear rate of the wheel flanges was reduced by an average of about 40% compared to the wheel flanges of vehicles not equipped with the developed blocks. variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45269161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In electromagnetic vibration tests, a ground coil is excited under the strong magnetic field of a super conducting magnet. Since the vibration mechanisms in the test are the same as for actual maglev (magnetic levitation) running conditions, electromagnetic vibration tests are therefore an important durability test for ground coils. We carried out electromagnetic vibration tests with a superconducting magnet with REBCO wire, which is a high-temperature material. This paper also proposes a novel monitoring and protection method for REBCO magnets. this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Voltage Noise Measurement of a REBCO Superconducting Coil During Electromagnetic Vibration Tests on a Ground Coil","authors":"K. Mizuno, M. Ogata, Minoru Tanaka","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_207","url":null,"abstract":"In electromagnetic vibration tests, a ground coil is excited under the strong magnetic field of a super conducting magnet. Since the vibration mechanisms in the test are the same as for actual maglev (magnetic levitation) running conditions, electromagnetic vibration tests are therefore an important durability test for ground coils. We carried out electromagnetic vibration tests with a superconducting magnet with REBCO wire, which is a high-temperature material. This paper also proposes a novel monitoring and protection method for REBCO magnets. this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46102649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents recent findings from RTRI regarding the development of fundamental technologies for maglev (magnetic levitation) and the application of maglev technology to the conventional railway sys tem. This paper also introduces the latest developments regarding the future use of maglev, information re ported at WCRR2019, and related news from and outside Japan. (SC-MAGLEV), long-term durability of high-temperature superconducting magnets, wireless power supply systems for on-board power supply, research on passenger comfort, and new vehicle models [5]. In a lecture entitled “Maglev Ground Transportation with High-Temperature Super-conductors (HTS),” Dr. Werfel of ATZ in Germany began a technical discussion on two types of maglev technology: normal conducting maglev “Transrapid” which was developed in Germany and put to practical use in Shanghai, and the superconducting maglev “SCMAGLEV,” developed in Japan. Dr. Werfel also talked about the advantages and development challeng-es of replacing low-temperature superconducting magnets with high-temperature ones in maglev, high-temperature superconducting magnets using Bi2223 high-temperature superconducting wire developed by JR Central, and high-temperature superconducting magnets using REBCO (rare-earth-based) high-temperature superconducting wire, being developed by RTRI. Finally, Dr. Werfel in-QR of and introducing higher speeds. Approximately half all R & D for vehicles is concentrated on mainly focusing on research on running safety evaluation methods such as flange climb derailment and crashworthiness evaluation. To improve the quality of railway services for passengers, other research and development aims to improve ride comfort by reducing vibration, developing tilting technology and noise reduction. This paper gives an overview of current research and development being conducted in the Vehicle Structure Technology Division, the status of crashworthiness evaluation, and of work to improve ride comfort.
{"title":"Research and Development of Maglev and Application of Related Technologies to Conventional Railways","authors":"Kenichi Nagashima, T. Sasakawa","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_163","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents recent findings from RTRI regarding the development of fundamental technologies for maglev (magnetic levitation) and the application of maglev technology to the conventional railway sys tem. This paper also introduces the latest developments regarding the future use of maglev, information re ported at WCRR2019, and related news from and outside Japan. (SC-MAGLEV), long-term durability of high-temperature superconducting magnets, wireless power supply systems for on-board power supply, research on passenger comfort, and new vehicle models [5]. In a lecture entitled “Maglev Ground Transportation with High-Temperature Super-conductors (HTS),” Dr. Werfel of ATZ in Germany began a technical discussion on two types of maglev technology: normal conducting maglev “Transrapid” which was developed in Germany and put to practical use in Shanghai, and the superconducting maglev “SCMAGLEV,” developed in Japan. Dr. Werfel also talked about the advantages and development challeng-es of replacing low-temperature superconducting magnets with high-temperature ones in maglev, high-temperature superconducting magnets using Bi2223 high-temperature superconducting wire developed by JR Central, and high-temperature superconducting magnets using REBCO (rare-earth-based) high-temperature superconducting wire, being developed by RTRI. Finally, Dr. Werfel in-QR of and introducing higher speeds. Approximately half all R & D for vehicles is concentrated on mainly focusing on research on running safety evaluation methods such as flange climb derailment and crashworthiness evaluation. To improve the quality of railway services for passengers, other research and development aims to improve ride comfort by reducing vibration, developing tilting technology and noise reduction. This paper gives an overview of current research and development being conducted in the Vehicle Structure Technology Division, the status of crashworthiness evaluation, and of work to improve ride comfort.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42651593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Akasaka, Y. Fukumoto, A. Ishihara, Kenji Suzuki, Yusuke Kobayashi, Masaru Tomita
Superconducting feeder cables shrink because of thermal stress during the cooling process. When a long superconducting feeder cable is laid along a railway line, measures must be taken to prevent cable shrinkage. This paper therefore introduces a method which was used to lay a 300-m class superconducting feeder cable along a test track. This paper also reports that the method is suitable for similar cables, because no buckling or rupture points were observed after X-ray radiographs were taken over the whole length of the cable after its installation, and that transmission tests were conducted successfully with the cable.
{"title":"Superconducting Feeder Cable Laying and Stress Relaxation Method for Cooling","authors":"T. Akasaka, Y. Fukumoto, A. Ishihara, Kenji Suzuki, Yusuke Kobayashi, Masaru Tomita","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_201","url":null,"abstract":"Superconducting feeder cables shrink because of thermal stress during the cooling process. When a long superconducting feeder cable is laid along a railway line, measures must be taken to prevent cable shrinkage. This paper therefore introduces a method which was used to lay a 300-m class superconducting feeder cable along a test track. This paper also reports that the method is suitable for similar cables, because no buckling or rupture points were observed after X-ray radiographs were taken over the whole length of the cable after its installation, and that transmission tests were conducted successfully with the cable.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43440482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) has developed a master plan for the fiscal year 2020 and beyond, as a roadmap guiding RTRI towards the realization of its vision: “We will develop innovative technologies to enhance the rail mode so that railway can contribute to the creation of a happier society.” As a matter of course, we also carry out R&D in the vehicle field according to the master plan. This journal carries the six latest research and development results in vehicle fields. In addition, this report outlines four other research results.
{"title":"Recent Activities for Research and Development of Railway Vehicle Technology","authors":"H. Hasegawa","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_155","url":null,"abstract":"The Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI) has developed a master plan for the fiscal year 2020 and beyond, as a roadmap guiding RTRI towards the realization of its vision: “We will develop innovative technologies to enhance the rail mode so that railway can contribute to the creation of a happier society.” As a matter of course, we also carry out R&D in the vehicle field according to the master plan. This journal carries the six latest research and development results in vehicle fields. In addition, this report outlines four other research results.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44519300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Okino, Keisuke Nagata, Kazuma Nakai, Hidetoshi Kobayashi
While standards for crashworthiness of railway vehicles have been defined in Europe and the U.S., there is no standard in Japan. Therefore, it is important to establish an evaluation method for crashworthiness of railway vehicles in Japan. The authors carried out finite element analyses under various conditions based on the statistical analysis of serious level-crossing accidents. We evaluated the mean decelerations (con-forming to European standard), the maximum decelerations (U.S. standard) and integrated values of the deceleration, which are obtained from impact deceleration waveforms in the passenger area. We also performed finite element analyses of dummy’s behavior and injury values using these deceleration waveforms as input. We examined the correlation between these evaluation results and dummy’s injury values. As a result, we confirmed that the integrated values of the deceleration of the passenger area had the highest correlation with the dummy’s injury values. the estimated collision speed, with the whole divided into two categories according to the mass of each collision obstacle. Compact cars, light trucks, and tractors were classified as relatively lightweight obstacles, and trucks, trailers, dump-trucks, and buses were classified as relatively heavy obstacles. The approx imate estimated collision speed was calculated by using the distance from the brake start point of the train to the level-crossing and the train speed at the start of braking (based on the crew’s verbal report), and by assuming that the deceleration was constant. The Railway Safety Database of Railway Technology Promotion Center at the RTRI was used for the general condition survey of each accident, of Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are constructed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.
{"title":"Evaluation Method for Crashworthiness Using Integrated Value of Deceleration of Railway Vehicles Showing High Correlation with Degree of Passenger Injury","authors":"T. Okino, Keisuke Nagata, Kazuma Nakai, Hidetoshi Kobayashi","doi":"10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.62.3_185","url":null,"abstract":"While standards for crashworthiness of railway vehicles have been defined in Europe and the U.S., there is no standard in Japan. Therefore, it is important to establish an evaluation method for crashworthiness of railway vehicles in Japan. The authors carried out finite element analyses under various conditions based on the statistical analysis of serious level-crossing accidents. We evaluated the mean decelerations (con-forming to European standard), the maximum decelerations (U.S. standard) and integrated values of the deceleration, which are obtained from impact deceleration waveforms in the passenger area. We also performed finite element analyses of dummy’s behavior and injury values using these deceleration waveforms as input. We examined the correlation between these evaluation results and dummy’s injury values. As a result, we confirmed that the integrated values of the deceleration of the passenger area had the highest correlation with the dummy’s injury values. the estimated collision speed, with the whole divided into two categories according to the mass of each collision obstacle. Compact cars, light trucks, and tractors were classified as relatively lightweight obstacles, and trucks, trailers, dump-trucks, and buses were classified as relatively heavy obstacles. The approx imate estimated collision speed was calculated by using the distance from the brake start point of the train to the level-crossing and the train speed at the start of braking (based on the crew’s verbal report), and by assuming that the deceleration was constant. The Railway Safety Database of Railway Technology Promotion Center at the RTRI was used for the general condition survey of each accident, of Earth retaining structures, such as bridge abutments and retaining walls, are constructed at the boundary of bridges or embankments. There are a variety of earth retaining structure failure modes, therefore in order to be able to ensure rational aseismic reinforcement, it is necessary to develop a range of different aseismic reinforcement methods adapted to the relevant earth retaining structure’s failure mode. Moreover, there are many cases where construction work is severely restricted due to various limitations, such as land boundaries, available space, and time available for construction work. Therefore, the authors propose an aseismic reinforcement method, which can both improve seismic performance of earth retaining structures and be carried out efficiently. This paper outlines this research and describes some examples of the practical application of the newly developed reinforcement method.","PeriodicalId":52445,"journal":{"name":"Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical Research Institute) (Japan)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46431402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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