Klinichescheskaya Laboratornaya Diagnostika最新文献

Burns are one of the most common traumatic injuries in the world, representing a global public health problem. Major burns (severe burn injury or burn disease) are one of the most life-threatening injuries. There is a great need to identify and monitor the development of complications (sepsis and septic shock, coagulopathy and DIC) in burned patients. The basis of the pathogenesis of burn injury, as well as any general pathological process, is an inflammatory reaction, ultimately aimed at restoring the structure and function of the damaged tissue. A feature of the inflammatory reaction in burn injury is the scale of alteration of the skin and mucous membranes. The review presents the main aspects of the burn injuries immunopathogenesis and the features of post-burn immune dysfunction, manifested by disorders in the innate and adaptive immunity systems. Attention is focused on the role in the immunopathogenesis of developing systemic and local disorders in burn injury. Also the role are discussed of a minor subpopulations of lymphocytes (Treg-, Th-17-, γδT-cells) in the immunopathogenesis and in the bacterial infection protection. The characteristics of the main immuno-biochemical markers of burn injury (cytokines and growth factors, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteases, bacteria concentration levels) are present. The prognostic role of these biomarkers in assessing of the severity degree of patients with burn injury and wound healing processes is shown. The review has been compiled using references from major databases such as RSCI, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar (up to march 2022). After obtaining all reports from database, the papers were carefully analyzed in order to find data related to the topic of this review (60 references).

Infectious etiology is the cause of about 15% of cases of male infertility. And if sexually transmitted infections are easily diagnosed, the role of asymptomatic bacteriospermia in the formation of infertility in men, and especially in adolescents against the background of the existing pathology of the reproductive sphere (varicocele), remains insufficiently studied. A microbiological study in the ejaculate of adolescents revealed the following types of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum, Corynebacterium minitissimum, Streptococcus anginosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Bacteria in the ejaculate were also detected during semen analysis and electron microscopic examination of spermatozoa. With abundant growth of microorganisms in a monoculture or an association of two microorganisms present in a moderate amount, in all cases, violations of sperm motility, an increase in the viscosity of the ejaculate, the presence of leukocytes in the seminal fluid were detected, and damage to the chromatin, acrosome and mitochondria was recorded at the ultrastructural level, which may indicate active infection. When bacterial flora was detected in a small and moderate amount (<10 CFU/ml), no pathological changes in the ejaculate were observed. The microflora of the ejaculate of the examined adolescents is represented by gram-positive microflora. Simultaneous study of the ejaculate sample by bacteriological seeding, the performance of spermogram and EMIS allowed to increase the detection of bacteriospermia. Opportunistic pathogens with abundant growth or their various combinations can serve as a factor in the development of pathospermia. It is possible to distinguish an active infection from commensal microflora or sample contamination not only by the presence of bacteria in the ejaculate and their quantitative accounting, but also by the degree of damage to the function of spermatozoa and pathological changes in the parameters of the ejaculate, by combining diagnostic methods. Most often, in the presence of bacteria in the ejaculate, asthenozoospermia is diagnosed.

The data of a comprehensive comparative study of the taxonomic composition of the resident microbiome of tumors from 26 patients with non-small cell lung cancer are presented. Analysis of taxonomic diversity revealed 10 types, 280 genera and 788 species of microorganisms. The analysis of the relative content and prognostic significance was carried out for 62 dominant genera. Differences in the relative abundance of bacteria of the genera Acinetobacter, Halomonas, and Chryseobacterium between tumor and conditionally normal lung tissue were found, but their diagnostic potential was not confirmed. The correlation analysis did not reveal any relationship between the content of various genera of bacteria and the histological type of the tumor, its localization, and the age of the patients. Differences were found in the content of the studied bacteria depending on the stage of the disease, the presence of regional metastases and tumor differentiation. The prognostic significance of bacteria of the genera Variovorax and Pseudoclavibacter in non-small cell lung cancer was established. The results obtained can be used in the development of new effective methods for the diagnosis and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Subchondral remodeling is an important pathogenic mechanism in primary gonarthrosis progress. The role of altered metabolism of osseous tissue in early signs of articular pathology remains vague, and the informative value of biochemical markers is discussible. Our research involved 103 patients (64 women and 39 men) with 0-I gonarthrosis stages and 103 healthy individuals (72 women and 28 men) of 36 to 50 years old. We measured osteocalcin, pyridinoline, type I collagen telopeptides, vitamin B metabolites, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentrations, determined the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase, and diagnostic significance of the markers with the ROC curve. We found the increase (p<0.0001) in bone alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen telopeptides, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentrations as well as osteocalcin (p<0.0002) in 0-I gonarthrosis stages as compared to the controls. The ROC curve featured 98.1 and 79.6 percent sensitivity and specificity of type I collagen telopeptides; 80.6 and 52.4 percent of osteocalcin; 99.0 and 78.6 percent of pyridinoline, respectively. These findings suggest the significant role of subchondral remodeling in the pathogenesis of early gonarthrosis stages. Pyridinoline and type I collagen telopeptides are the most informative osseous markers detectable in the serum of patients with early gonarthrosis.

The labor intensity (in hours) of the optical method of microbial cell counting in suspension compared to the method of microbial cell counting using a Goryaev chamber is evaluated. The relevance of assessing the production labor intensity of microbial cell counting methods in suspension is related to the need to use them in many studies. Often the commonly used methods are too labour-intensive, time-consuming, or require expensive equipment. A comparative experiment was carried out with our previously developed "Method for optical estimation of microbial cell concentration in suspension" (Priority certificate No. 2016141859 dated 25.10.2016) and the method of microbial cell counting using a Goryaev chamber. Production labor intensity of the measurements performed was calculated in hours according to the formula: Tp=Tt+Tob, where Tp is production labour input, Tt is technological labour input, Tob is maintenance labour input. Technological labour input of measurements with use of Goryaev's chamber made up 32,18 ± 0,95, whereas with optical method - 1,03±0,06 (reliability of differences at p<0,01) at amount of measurements n = 100. Labour input of service at optical method 0,24 ± 0,03, at application of method with use of Goryaev chamber 0,15±0,01 hours. Labour input of measurements of concentration of microbial cells in suspension at application of method of measurement with Goryaev chamber remains (p<0,01) higher than at an optical method of estimation, 32,33±0,96 and 1,27±0,05 hours accordingly. When using the optical method of concentration estimation in the suspension it is necessary to carry out not a small amount of necessary mathematical calculations, which in the future, probably, corrected by creating a special program for a personal computer. The labour input of results obtained by measuring by optical evaluation of the concentration of microbial cells in suspension is lower than that obtained by using a measurement method using a Goryaev chamber. Taking into consideration that its implementation does not require purchase of special equipment as in turbidimetry, its cost-effectiveness compared to existing ones is obvious.

The metabolic syndrome is currently becoming more common. It is a significant public health concern as it is epidemic affecting populations in many regions of the world. In Magadan region no research has been carried out to study the frequency of components of the metabolic syndrome among northerners. This survey was performed to assess the occurrence of the main and additional components of the metabolic syndrome among 17 to 74 year old residents of the Northern region. Two hundred and forty north born Caucasians participated in the study: male subjects at their young age, working age, and retirement age, all belonging to the territory of Magadan region. We used photometric, immunochemiluminescent research methods, as well as standard methods for assessing body mass index and cardiovascular system. The metabolic syndrome factors were determined in accordance with the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), the Adult Treatment Program III (ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), and the Consensus of International Experts in Cardiology and Endocrinology. We analyzed five main components of the metabolic syndrome (overweight, carbohydrate metabolic impairments hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphacholesterolemia) and three additional components (presence of insulin resistance, purine metabolism disorder, deficient and insufficient concentrations of vitamin D). Combinations of the components were also studied through the examined age groups. According to the ATP III, NCEP and IDF criteria, the metabolic syndrome was more common in elderly subjects (47%) than in working age (21%) or young examinees (3%). Older males tended to exhibit higher frequency of both the main and additional factors of metabolic syndrome. The total index of the occurrence of metabolic syndrome factors in the group of young men was 101%; in the group of men of working age - 180%, and in men of retirement age - 274%. The results on occurrence of the metabolic syndrome components observed in the surveyed groups of northerners can make an information data base, which we assume can be applied when planning and carrying out scientifically grounded preventive measures, which will improve subjective quality of life and its expectancy under the North conditions.

It is difficult to overestimate the urgency of the problem of well-timed diagnosis of viral infections. According to the WHO, dozens of outbreaks of viral diseases are recorded annually, both in developing and developed countries. Moreover, the seasonal flu virus alone is capable of infecting up to 20% of the population, even in European countries with a high level of medicine. And the annual number of deaths due to viral infections, according to official statistics, exceeds 600 thousand people around the world. That's why the provision of a reliable and fairly rapid diagnosis of viruses, along with subsequent therapy, makes a significant contribution to reducing the incidence of mortality. Despite the fact that PCR-based methods currently remain the most common method for identifying viruses in clinical practice, as recent experience shows, in addition to the already known disadvantages, in the event of large outbreaks, such test systems may simply not be in the required amount. In this regard, it is necessary to supplement and improve the existing tools for identification and research of clinically significant viruses. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry method combines a degree of accuracy and versatility, sufficient both for the identification of clinical strains isolated from patients, and for the study of the phenotypic properties of viruses in research laboratories and centers. This article presents and summarizes the main data on the existing or potential application of the method of time-of-flight mass spectrometry with matrix-associated laser desorption / ionization for the identification or study of viruses.

Rapid informative methods for assessing the species and quantitative composition of the microflora of the periodontal and oropharyngeal covering tissues are necessary for operative diagnostics, including those of the dentofacial system. The use of classical bacteriological methods, including seeding, incubation, counting and identification of microorganisms takes up to 5 days, resulting in a significant delay in obtaining the necessary information, which makes it difficult to carry out operative treatment measures. Therefore, the search for means and methods of operative microbiological control is urgent. The present work is devoted to substantiation of MSMM (mass spectrometry of microbial markers) technology application as a means of microbiological control of periodontal and other oropharyngeal biotopes.

A bioanalytical technique for quantitative determination of MDA by HPLC-MS/MS. The proposed method for determining MDA includes the release stage of bound MDA and excludes the derivatization reaction. The lower limit of quantitative detection was 600 nmol/l, the volume of the required sample was 10 µl, the analysis time was 7 min. The range of concentrations obtained during the study makes it possible to use this bioanalytical technique to determine the concentration of MDA in biological material when assessing physiological and pathological conditions.

The antiatherogenic role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is associated primarily with their participation in the reverse transport of excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver. The efficiency of this mechanism depends on the ability of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein component of HDL, to capture cholesterol from cells. It is known that the acceptor properties of this protein can change under the influence of various factors. This review discusses modern approaches aimed both at increasing the plasma level of HDL and preserving their native functional properties. As one of the key criteria of HDL functionality it is proposed to determine the ability of HDL to accept labeled cholesterol from macrophages. Studies have shown that injection of recombinant HDL or apoA-I mimetic peptides accelerates cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues, improves vascular endothelial state, and leads to regression of atherosclerotic plaque. Thus, therapy with recombinant HDL/apoA-I may become an effective way to treat cardiovascular diseases caused by cholesterol accumulation in the vascular wall.