Otgonbayar Dandar, A. Okamoto, M. Uno, Undarmaa Batsaikhan, Burenjargal Ulziiburen, N. Tsuchiya
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have revolutionized scientific research in multiple fields. Drones provide us multiple advantages over conventional geological mapping or high-altitude remote sensing methods, in which they allow us to acquire data more rapidly of inaccessible or risky outcrops, and can connect the spatial scale gap in mapping between manual field techniques and airborne, high-altitude remote sensing methods. Despite the decreased cost and technological developments of platforms, sensors and software, the use of drones for geological mapping in Mongolia has not yet been utilized. In this study, we present using of drone in two areas: the Chandman area in which eclogite is exposed and the Naran massif of the Khantaishir ophiolite in the Altai area. Drone yields images with high resolution that is reliable to use and reveals that it is possible to make better formulation of geological mapping. Our suggestion is that (1) Mongolian geoscientists are encouraged to add drones to their geologic toolboxes and (2) drone could open new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia in which geological map will be created in more effective and more detailed way combined with conventional geological survey on ground.
{"title":"Drone brings new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"Otgonbayar Dandar, A. Okamoto, M. Uno, Undarmaa Batsaikhan, Burenjargal Ulziiburen, N. Tsuchiya","doi":"10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1063","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have revolutionized scientific research in multiple fields. Drones provide us multiple advantages over conventional geological mapping or high-altitude remote sensing methods, in which they allow us to acquire data more rapidly of inaccessible or risky outcrops, and can connect the spatial scale gap in mapping between manual field techniques and airborne, high-altitude remote sensing methods. Despite the decreased cost and technological developments of platforms, sensors and software, the use of drones for geological mapping in Mongolia has not yet been utilized. In this study, we present using of drone in two areas: the Chandman area in which eclogite is exposed and the Naran massif of the Khantaishir ophiolite in the Altai area. Drone yields images with high resolution that is reliable to use and reveals that it is possible to make better formulation of geological mapping. Our suggestion is that (1) Mongolian geoscientists are encouraged to add drones to their geologic toolboxes and (2) drone could open new advance of geological mapping in Mongolia in which geological map will be created in more effective and more detailed way combined with conventional geological survey on ground.","PeriodicalId":52647,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Geoscientist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43182230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrialization, construction and transportation network are abruptly grown and urban infrastructure is densely expanded due to rapid population growth, i.e., urbanization process is notably intensive in Ulaanbaatar as like as other cities in the world. Human activity in the overpopulated city distinctly modifies landforms and antipathetically impacts on the environment. Channel, floodplain and terraces of Tuul River draining through Ulaanbaatar have been strongly affected by the human activity. Reduction in water resource and water pollution of Tuul River are caused by bio-waste, solid waste and wastewater released from industries, thermal and electric power stations, constructions and companies operating along the river beach. This study presents landform evolution induced by human activity in Tuul River basin. More investigation is needed to infer anthropogenic landform evolution in large river basins in Mongolia based on field works and analytic measurements with further study.
{"title":"Anthropogenic landform evolution remoted by satellite images in Tuul River basin","authors":"Davaagatan Tuyagerel, A. Orkhonselenge","doi":"10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1064","url":null,"abstract":"Industrialization, construction and transportation network are abruptly grown and urban infrastructure is densely expanded due to rapid population growth, i.e., urbanization process is notably intensive in Ulaanbaatar as like as other cities in the world. Human activity in the overpopulated city distinctly modifies landforms and antipathetically impacts on the environment. Channel, floodplain and terraces of Tuul River draining through Ulaanbaatar have been strongly affected by the human activity. Reduction in water resource and water pollution of Tuul River are caused by bio-waste, solid waste and wastewater released from industries, thermal and electric power stations, constructions and companies operating along the river beach. This study presents landform evolution induced by human activity in Tuul River basin. More investigation is needed to infer anthropogenic landform evolution in large river basins in Mongolia based on field works and analytic measurements with further study.","PeriodicalId":52647,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Geoscientist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43356374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the hydrogeochemical implications resulted from Ider River, one of headwaters of Selenge River in northern Mongolia which is a main headwater of Lake Baikal in southeastern Russia, being included in a drainage basin of the North Arctic Ocean. Surface water and groundwater were collected and estimated with hydrogeochemical analyses of major ionic compositions in order to determine water quality in the catchment of Ider River in northern Mongolia. Result shows that the downstream of Ider River is more polluted than upstream of Ider River and Khunjil River, an inflow of the Ider River. Surface water of Ider River and groundwater in the catchment of the Ider River are comparable with their anions and cations. Ider River is highly enriched with an anion of Cl- in 2-3 times, cations of Na++K+ in 2-3 times and NH4+ in 0.5-1.0 times than those in groundwater in the catchment of Ider River. The hydrogeochemical results show that the surface water of Ider River is mainly polluted by solid wastes along its valley. More investigations with detail geochemical analyses are needed from the large rivers comprising surface water resource in Mongolia to review the hydrological evolution in Mongolia and Central Asia in the late Holocene.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical implications from Ider River in northern Mongolia","authors":"A. Orkhonselenge, Amgalan-Erdene Nyamjantsan","doi":"10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1065","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the hydrogeochemical implications resulted from Ider River, one of headwaters of Selenge River in northern Mongolia which is a main headwater of Lake Baikal in southeastern Russia, being included in a drainage basin of the North Arctic Ocean. Surface water and groundwater were collected and estimated with hydrogeochemical analyses of major ionic compositions in order to determine water quality in the catchment of Ider River in northern Mongolia. Result shows that the downstream of Ider River is more polluted than upstream of Ider River and Khunjil River, an inflow of the Ider River. Surface water of Ider River and groundwater in the catchment of the Ider River are comparable with their anions and cations. Ider River is highly enriched with an anion of Cl- in 2-3 times, cations of Na++K+ in 2-3 times and NH4+ in 0.5-1.0 times than those in groundwater in the catchment of Ider River. The hydrogeochemical results show that the surface water of Ider River is mainly polluted by solid wastes along its valley. More investigations with detail geochemical analyses are needed from the large rivers comprising surface water resource in Mongolia to review the hydrological evolution in Mongolia and Central Asia in the late Holocene.","PeriodicalId":52647,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Geoscientist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41313287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The late Paleozoic magmatic rocks are widely distributed in the Mandakh area which is located in the Gurvansaikhan and Manlai terrains, where porphyry Cu deposits occur. In this paper we discuss petrochemical features and mineral assemblages of magmatic rocks in the Mandakh area. Furthermore, we compared petrochemical characteristics of magmatic rocks in the Mandakh area with host magmatic rocks of the Tampakan deposit (Philippines), Cerro Colorado deposit (Chili) and negative criteria of Cu deposits (Japan) due to try to characterize potential of the porphyry copper deposit related to magmatic rocks in Mandakh area. Geochemical features of magmatic rocks in Mandakh area are calc-alkaline, magnetite-series, I-type and similar to adakite type. The Devonian intrusive rocks comprised of syenite and syenogranite, while the Carboniferous intrusive rocks consist of granodiorite, monzodiorite, quartz-monzonite and hornblende granite. Devonian magmatic rocks are more alkaline in composition. Although, Devonian and Carboniferous magmatic rocks are slightly different from each other. Comparing with bonanza copper deposits in the world, they are possible to host porphyry mineralization.
{"title":"Petrochemical characteristics of late Paleozoic magmatic rocks of the Mandakh area, southeast Mongolia","authors":"Undarmaa Batsaikhan, Tsuchiya Noriyoshi, Chimedtseren Anaad, Batkhishig Bayaraa","doi":"10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/MGS.V0I47.1061","url":null,"abstract":"The late Paleozoic magmatic rocks are widely distributed in the Mandakh area which is located in the Gurvansaikhan and Manlai terrains, where porphyry Cu deposits occur. In this paper we discuss petrochemical features and mineral assemblages of magmatic rocks in the Mandakh area. Furthermore, we compared petrochemical characteristics of magmatic rocks in the Mandakh area with host magmatic rocks of the Tampakan deposit (Philippines), Cerro Colorado deposit (Chili) and negative criteria of Cu deposits (Japan) due to try to characterize potential of the porphyry copper deposit related to magmatic rocks in Mandakh area. Geochemical features of magmatic rocks in Mandakh area are calc-alkaline, magnetite-series, I-type and similar to adakite type. The Devonian intrusive rocks comprised of syenite and syenogranite, while the Carboniferous intrusive rocks consist of granodiorite, monzodiorite, quartz-monzonite and hornblende granite. Devonian magmatic rocks are more alkaline in composition. Although, Devonian and Carboniferous magmatic rocks are slightly different from each other. Comparing with bonanza copper deposits in the world, they are possible to host porphyry mineralization.","PeriodicalId":52647,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Geoscientist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47366198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Geological Society via the DOI in this record
这是作者接受的稿件。最终版本可通过此记录中的DOI从地质学会获得
{"title":"In search of the forgotten rare earth","authors":"P. Siegfried, F. Wall, K. Moore","doi":"10.1144/GEOSCI2018-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GEOSCI2018-021","url":null,"abstract":"This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the Geological Society via the DOI in this record","PeriodicalId":52647,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Geoscientist","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90010359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the past 60 years any discussion about the impact of general price changes on management accounting has been synonymous with a discussion on inflation. This is so because between 1940 and the late 1990s price inflation was an endemic feature of most western economies. The UK experienced rates of inflation exceeding 10 per cent a year for protracted periods during the 1940s, 1970s and 1980s. But in the 1920s and 1930s the issue was price deflation. This was associated with the restoration of the gold standard and the subsequent depression. Factors that contribute to deflation include the development of the global economy and advances in technology. Many manufactured goods, particularly in the electronics industry, and raw materials have been falling steadily in price for at least the past decade. Japan is one country that has experienced an extended period of deflation, associated with falling prices and low or nil interest rates. Deflation affects various aspects of management accounting. In a situation of price deflation, the purchasing power of money rises over time: 5 per cent annual deflation may be taken to indicate that £1 at year zero and £0.95 at year one have the same purchasing power. This implies that “real” interest rates are higher than the “nominal” or “money” rates quoted by banks. Take the following simple investment appraisal as an example. Consider a project that involves a £100 initial investment and which generates annual cash inflows of £40 (year one), £40 (year two) and £30 (year three) at year-zero price levels. The current cost of money is 1 per cent and the annual deflation rate is 5 per cent. Using a 1 per cent interest rate to discount the cash inflows, this gives the project a positive net present of £7.93, which suggests that the project is viable. But the approach is wrong because it ignores deflation. To appraise the project properly, you have the option of using either a “real” interest rate with cash flow figures projected at current (year zero) price levels (see figure 1), or a “money” interest rate with cash flow figures projected at future price levels (see figure 2). Deflation is not only a mathematical phenomenon. The recent experience in Japan suggests that it affects the behaviour of investors, managers, employees and consumers. Much of that impact is in essence psychological in origin. Deflation may affect business decisionmaking in several ways. l Investing in projects that have long payback periods (or even no payback periods) at projected future price levels may require some courage. l Borrowing to finance the purchase of assets that are going to shrink in money value over time may also require some courage. Money interest rates may be low, but real interest rates are higher and people will eventually realise this. l It may be difficult to reduce some costs – eg, wages – in line with deflation. This may make many projects less attractive than would otherwise be the case. l Consumers may start to def
{"title":"That sinking feeling","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/geosci2018-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/geosci2018-023","url":null,"abstract":"For the past 60 years any discussion about the impact of general price changes on management accounting has been synonymous with a discussion on inflation. This is so because between 1940 and the late 1990s price inflation was an endemic feature of most western economies. The UK experienced rates of inflation exceeding 10 per cent a year for protracted periods during the 1940s, 1970s and 1980s. But in the 1920s and 1930s the issue was price deflation. This was associated with the restoration of the gold standard and the subsequent depression. Factors that contribute to deflation include the development of the global economy and advances in technology. Many manufactured goods, particularly in the electronics industry, and raw materials have been falling steadily in price for at least the past decade. Japan is one country that has experienced an extended period of deflation, associated with falling prices and low or nil interest rates. Deflation affects various aspects of management accounting. In a situation of price deflation, the purchasing power of money rises over time: 5 per cent annual deflation may be taken to indicate that £1 at year zero and £0.95 at year one have the same purchasing power. This implies that “real” interest rates are higher than the “nominal” or “money” rates quoted by banks. Take the following simple investment appraisal as an example. Consider a project that involves a £100 initial investment and which generates annual cash inflows of £40 (year one), £40 (year two) and £30 (year three) at year-zero price levels. The current cost of money is 1 per cent and the annual deflation rate is 5 per cent. Using a 1 per cent interest rate to discount the cash inflows, this gives the project a positive net present of £7.93, which suggests that the project is viable. But the approach is wrong because it ignores deflation. To appraise the project properly, you have the option of using either a “real” interest rate with cash flow figures projected at current (year zero) price levels (see figure 1), or a “money” interest rate with cash flow figures projected at future price levels (see figure 2). Deflation is not only a mathematical phenomenon. The recent experience in Japan suggests that it affects the behaviour of investors, managers, employees and consumers. Much of that impact is in essence psychological in origin. Deflation may affect business decisionmaking in several ways. l Investing in projects that have long payback periods (or even no payback periods) at projected future price levels may require some courage. l Borrowing to finance the purchase of assets that are going to shrink in money value over time may also require some courage. Money interest rates may be low, but real interest rates are higher and people will eventually realise this. l It may be difficult to reduce some costs – eg, wages – in line with deflation. This may make many projects less attractive than would otherwise be the case. l Consumers may start to def","PeriodicalId":52647,"journal":{"name":"Mongolian Geoscientist","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83980277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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