M. Meegahakumbura, M. Indrachapa, T. S. Baddegama, M. M. Hettiarachchi, H. Dissanayaka, C. Samarasinghe, P. Weerasinghe, P. N. Dasanayake
King Coconut (KC) is an indigenous and highly valuable germplasm resource in Sri Lanka. Yet, KC populations' genetic diversity, relationships, and conservation strategies are not fully understood. Indigenous old KC populations have been dispersed across a few ancient villages in Sri Lanka. Five geographically dispersed locations were selected in Sri Lanka, and 20 KC individuals from each location were collected for the current study. Six randomly selected samples from every geographical location, together with the standard two Sri Lanka Red Dwarf and two Sri Lanka Tall varieties were initially genotyped using 21 SSR markers for polymorphism. Based on the results, ten polymorphic SSR markers were selected and used for genotyping. Power Marker, STRUCTURE, and GenAlex software were used for the SSR genetic analysis. Results revealed 0.62 mean Gene Diversity (Hs), 4.2 mean allele number, and 0.55 polymorphic information content (PIC). Clear differentiation of populations was observed with the STRUCTURE and UPGMA dendrogram. Single branching in the UPGMA dendrogram for Anuradhapura and Marandawila KC populations revealed high genetic uniformity over multi-branched Kadugannawa and Colambageara populations. According to AMOVA, 64% of the genetic variation has been partitioned among populations, indicating moderate population differentiation. Detail analysis, including a higher number of KC populations and systematic molecular analysis using more SSRs/SNPs needed in the future before implementing conservation and utilization strategies.
{"title":"Genetic Relationships of Indigenous King Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Populations as Determined by SSR Markers","authors":"M. Meegahakumbura, M. Indrachapa, T. S. Baddegama, M. M. Hettiarachchi, H. Dissanayaka, C. Samarasinghe, P. Weerasinghe, P. N. Dasanayake","doi":"10.37833/cord.v39i.469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v39i.469","url":null,"abstract":"King Coconut (KC) is an indigenous and highly valuable germplasm resource in Sri Lanka. Yet, KC populations' genetic diversity, relationships, and conservation strategies are not fully understood. Indigenous old KC populations have been dispersed across a few ancient villages in Sri Lanka. Five geographically dispersed locations were selected in Sri Lanka, and 20 KC individuals from each location were collected for the current study. Six randomly selected samples from every geographical location, together with the standard two Sri Lanka Red Dwarf and two Sri Lanka Tall varieties were initially genotyped using 21 SSR markers for polymorphism. Based on the results, ten polymorphic SSR markers were selected and used for genotyping. Power Marker, STRUCTURE, and GenAlex software were used for the SSR genetic analysis. Results revealed 0.62 mean Gene Diversity (Hs), 4.2 mean allele number, and 0.55 polymorphic information content (PIC). Clear differentiation of populations was observed with the STRUCTURE and UPGMA dendrogram. Single branching in the UPGMA dendrogram for Anuradhapura and Marandawila KC populations revealed high genetic uniformity over multi-branched Kadugannawa and Colambageara populations. According to AMOVA, 64% of the genetic variation has been partitioned among populations, indicating moderate population differentiation. Detail analysis, including a higher number of KC populations and systematic molecular analysis using more SSRs/SNPs needed in the future before implementing conservation and utilization strategies.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138964996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Yalegama, D. N. Karunaratne, Ramaiah Sivakanesan
Industrial processing of coconut oil generates considerable biomass of dehydrated defatted coconut kernel (DDCK) which is composed of food-grade fiber. The objective of this study was to separate and isolate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in defatted coconut kernel, and to determine the partial structure using sugar profile. Coconut cell wall polysaccharides (CCWP) obtained from DDCK were used to sequentially extract pectin (with 5% ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid), HCI (with 4% NaOH), HCII (with 10% NaOH), HCIII (with 17.5% NaOH) and the remaining fraction as non-extractible matter referred as NaOH non-extractive. Results indicated that CCWP composed of 19% pectin, 29.6% HCI, 12% HCII, no detectable HCIII and NaOH non-extractive of 15%. The sugar profile of pectin, was 6.14% rhamnose, 3.31% arabinose, 61.72% mannose and 18.71% galactose. HCI composed of rhamnose 13.29%, arabinose 4.49%, xylose 22.84%, mannose 50.98%, galactose 5.9% and glucose 3.39%. HCII contained rhamnose 37.12%, arabinose 3.35%, Mannose 27.15% and galactose 5.76%, while NaOH non-extractive contained rhamnose 22.5%, mannose 23.95%, galactose 16.35% and glucose 37.05%. Partial hydrolysis followed by concentration with Sephadex G15 size exclusion chromatography was able to separate oligosaccharide having rhamnose 15.3%, mannose 52.5% and galactose 32.2% from pectin while xylose 0.6%, mannose 95.6%, galactose 1.1% and glucose 2.7% from HCII. Results indicated the presence of rhamnogalactomannan and xylogalactoglucomanan in coconut kernel.
{"title":"Partial Characterization of Polysaccharides Isolated from Defatted Desiccated Coconut Kernel","authors":"L. Yalegama, D. N. Karunaratne, Ramaiah Sivakanesan","doi":"10.37833/cord.v39i.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v39i.471","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial processing of coconut oil generates considerable biomass of dehydrated defatted coconut kernel (DDCK) which is composed of food-grade fiber. The objective of this study was to separate and isolate polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in defatted coconut kernel, and to determine the partial structure using sugar profile. Coconut cell wall polysaccharides (CCWP) obtained from DDCK were used to sequentially extract pectin (with 5% ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid), HCI (with 4% NaOH), HCII (with 10% NaOH), HCIII (with 17.5% NaOH) and the remaining fraction as non-extractible matter referred as NaOH non-extractive. Results indicated that CCWP composed of 19% pectin, 29.6% HCI, 12% HCII, no detectable HCIII and NaOH non-extractive of 15%. The sugar profile of pectin, was 6.14% rhamnose, 3.31% arabinose, 61.72% mannose and 18.71% galactose. HCI composed of rhamnose 13.29%, arabinose 4.49%, xylose 22.84%, mannose 50.98%, galactose 5.9% and glucose 3.39%. HCII contained rhamnose 37.12%, arabinose 3.35%, Mannose 27.15% and galactose 5.76%, while NaOH non-extractive contained rhamnose 22.5%, mannose 23.95%, galactose 16.35% and glucose 37.05%. Partial hydrolysis followed by concentration with Sephadex G15 size exclusion chromatography was able to separate oligosaccharide having rhamnose 15.3%, mannose 52.5% and galactose 32.2% from pectin while xylose 0.6%, mannose 95.6%, galactose 1.1% and glucose 2.7% from HCII. Results indicated the presence of rhamnogalactomannan and xylogalactoglucomanan in coconut kernel.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.H.S. Senarathne, S. A. S. T. Raveendra, S. S. Udumann, M. A. N. A. Kumara
Six CO-3 fodder grass planting systems under coconut palms were evaluated for six years concerning biomass production and coconut yield. This study was carried out at Potthukulama (PRS) Research Station of the Coconut Research Institute, in the Low Country Dry Zone of the Northwestern province of Sri Lanka, where the soil series is Ambakele. According to the experiment results, the highest CO-3 biomass was produced when five CO-3 rows were planted between coconut rows and harvested in 30 days lopping interval. There was no significant effect of CO-3 planting densities and lopping intervals on the yield of coconut.
{"title":"Evaluation of biomass production of CO-3 fodder grass under coconut and its effect on nut yield of intermediate zone coconut plantations in Sri Lanka","authors":"S.H.S. Senarathne, S. A. S. T. Raveendra, S. S. Udumann, M. A. N. A. Kumara","doi":"10.37833/cord.v39i.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v39i.449","url":null,"abstract":"Six CO-3 fodder grass planting systems under coconut palms were evaluated for six years concerning biomass production and coconut yield. This study was carried out at Potthukulama (PRS) Research Station of the Coconut Research Institute, in the Low Country Dry Zone of the Northwestern province of Sri Lanka, where the soil series is Ambakele. According to the experiment results, the highest CO-3 biomass was produced when five CO-3 rows were planted between coconut rows and harvested in 30 days lopping interval. There was no significant effect of CO-3 planting densities and lopping intervals on the yield of coconut.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":"96 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Praneetha Subramanyam, Sudha R, Nivitha S, Suriya R, Mahalakshmi R
The present study was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar Tamil Nadu state of India. The experimental trees comprised of five tall coconut genotypes viz., IC 610370, IC 610371, IC 610372, IC 610374 and IC 610379 West Coast Tall (Check), and the hybrids viz., Chowghat Orange Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (COD x ALR1), Chowghat Orange Dwarf x West Coast Tall (COD x WCT), Aliyar 1 x Malayan Green Dwarf (ALR1 x MGD), Malayan Green Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (MGD x ALR), Kenthali Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (KTD x ALR1) and Veppankulam Hybrid Coconut VHC 2 (Check hybrid - released from Veppankulam Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India). Coconut palms of uniform size were taken from the chosen genotypes and hybrids for recording the observation. All the coconut genotypes and hybrids showed variation in yield, nut characters, and quality traits. The results of the present study revealed that the genotype IC 610370 and the hybrid COD x WCT recorded maximum values for all the recorded traits. This was followed by the genotype IC 610371 and the hybrid COD x ALR1.
本研究是在印度泰米尔纳德邦Aliyarnagar的椰子研究站进行的。实验树由五个高椰子基因型组成，即IC 610370, IC 610371, IC 610372, IC 610374和IC 610379西海岸高椰子(Check)，以及杂交种，即Chowghat橙矮x Aliyar 1 (COD x ALR1)， Chowghat橙矮x西海岸高(COD x WCT)， Aliyar 1 x马来亚绿矮(ALR1 x MGD)，马来亚绿矮x Aliyar 1 (MGD x ALR)，Kenthali Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (KTD x ALR1)和Veppankulam杂交椰子VHC 2(检查杂交品种-由印度泰米尔纳德邦农业大学Veppankulam椰子研究站发布)。从所选基因型和杂交种中取大小一致的椰子树进行记录观察。所有椰子基因型和杂交种在产量、坚果性状和品质性状上均存在差异。结果表明，ic610370基因型和杂交COD × WCT在所有记录性状中均最高。其次是基因型IC 610371和杂种COD x ALR1。
{"title":"Per se performance of elite coconut genotypes and hybrids for economic quality traits and oil yield","authors":"Praneetha Subramanyam, Sudha R, Nivitha S, Suriya R, Mahalakshmi R","doi":"10.37833/cord.v39i.470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v39i.470","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Aliyarnagar Tamil Nadu state of India. The experimental trees comprised of five tall coconut genotypes viz., IC 610370, IC 610371, IC 610372, IC 610374 and IC 610379 West Coast Tall (Check), and the hybrids viz., Chowghat Orange Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (COD x ALR1), Chowghat Orange Dwarf x West Coast Tall (COD x WCT), Aliyar 1 x Malayan Green Dwarf (ALR1 x MGD), Malayan Green Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (MGD x ALR), Kenthali Dwarf x Aliyar 1 (KTD x ALR1) and Veppankulam Hybrid Coconut VHC 2 (Check hybrid - released from Veppankulam Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu, India). Coconut palms of uniform size were taken from the chosen genotypes and hybrids for recording the observation. All the coconut genotypes and hybrids showed variation in yield, nut characters, and quality traits. The results of the present study revealed that the genotype IC 610370 and the hybrid COD x WCT recorded maximum values for all the recorded traits. This was followed by the genotype IC 610371 and the hybrid COD x ALR1.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":"94 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dilani Thilanka Hewa Pathirana, I. Wijesekara, L. L. W. C. Yalegama, M. Jayasinghe
Quality evaluation of unfermented coconut (Cocosnucifera) sap was done using two sap collection methods of application of Hal bark (Vateria acuminate) to the clay pots of 4L (TM) and novel sap collection method (NSCM), during 12 hours (from 6pm to 6 am). The novel sap collecting device is a recent innovation by Coconut Research Institute(CRI) – Sri Lanka. Twelve tapped coconut palms (Dwraft variety, 45 years old) were used and filtered sap was stored (-18oC). Volume, pH, total soluble solids, alcohol content, total acidity, color, sugar profile, total phenols, EC50, Ascorbic acid content and mineral in two types of unfermented coconut sap samples were determined. The results revealed that coconut sap collected from NSCM has significantly high pH (5.99), moisture (83.20%), sucrose (13.71%), total sugar (19.99%) compared to the collected sap from TM. In contrast, the sap of TM method were significantly rich with total phenolic (65.90 mgGAE/100ml), EC50 (143.03 mg/ml), AEAC (0.2568 mg Vit C in 1g sample), browning index (6.76) and yellowing index (15.92). Moreover, Ca (39.3mg/L), Fe (3.08mg/L), Mn (0.96mg/L), Sr (0.14mg/L) Ba (0.33mg/L) were significantly high in TM. Hence, the novel sap collection method can be concluded as the best approach for collecting quality unfermented coconut sap with its natural quality.
在12小时(下午6点至早上6点)的时间内，采用在4L (TM)的泥罐上涂上伐叶栎(Vateria acuminate)两种树液收集方法和新型树液收集方法(NSCM)对未发酵椰子(Cocosnucifera)树液进行了质量评价。这种新型的汁液收集装置是斯里兰卡椰子研究所(CRI)最近的一项创新。使用了12棵椰子树(45岁的draft品种)，并将过滤后的汁液储存在-18℃。测定了两种未发酵椰汁样品的体积、pH、总可溶性固形物、酒精含量、总酸度、颜色、糖谱、总酚、EC50、抗坏血酸含量和矿物质含量。结果表明，与TM相比，NSCM采集的椰汁pH(5.99)、水分(83.20%)、蔗糖(13.71%)、总糖(19.99%)显著高于TM采集的椰汁。TM法提取的树液总酚含量(65.90 mgGAE/100ml)、EC50含量(143.03 mg/ml)、AEAC含量(0.2568 mg Vit C / 1g)、褐变指数(6.76)和黄变指数(15.92)均显著高于TM法。此外，TM中Ca (39.3mg/L)、Fe (3.08mg/L)、Mn (0.96mg/L)、Sr (0.14mg/L)和Ba (0.33mg/L)含量显著增高。因此，该方法是采集具有天然品质的优质未发酵椰汁的最佳方法。
{"title":"Collection methods to preserve nutritive and physicochemical properties of unfermented coconut (Cocos nucifera) sap","authors":"Dilani Thilanka Hewa Pathirana, I. Wijesekara, L. L. W. C. Yalegama, M. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.37833/cord.v39i.456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v39i.456","url":null,"abstract":"Quality evaluation of unfermented coconut (Cocosnucifera) sap was done using two sap collection methods of application of Hal bark (Vateria acuminate) to the clay pots of 4L (TM) and novel sap collection method (NSCM), during 12 hours (from 6pm to 6 am). The novel sap collecting device is a recent innovation by Coconut Research Institute(CRI) – Sri Lanka. Twelve tapped coconut palms (Dwraft variety, 45 years old) were used and filtered sap was stored (-18oC). Volume, pH, total soluble solids, alcohol content, total acidity, color, sugar profile, total phenols, EC50, Ascorbic acid content and mineral in two types of unfermented coconut sap samples were determined. The results revealed that coconut sap collected from NSCM has significantly high pH (5.99), moisture (83.20%), sucrose (13.71%), total sugar (19.99%) compared to the collected sap from TM. In contrast, the sap of TM method were significantly rich with total phenolic (65.90 mgGAE/100ml), EC50 (143.03 mg/ml), AEAC (0.2568 mg Vit C in 1g sample), browning index (6.76) and yellowing index (15.92). Moreover, Ca (39.3mg/L), Fe (3.08mg/L), Mn (0.96mg/L), Sr (0.14mg/L) Ba (0.33mg/L) were significantly high in TM. Hence, the novel sap collection method can be concluded as the best approach for collecting quality unfermented coconut sap with its natural quality.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47686210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Trivana, N. E. Suyatma, Dase Huunaefi, S. Munarso, A. Y. Pradhana, B. Rindengan
In the last decade, increasing trends towards the consumption of healthier foods have forced processors of high-fat products (ice cream) to shift their formulations to higher proportions of unsaturated or “healthier” fats. Vegetable oils such as sunflower oil and VCO can be used as a substitute for milk fat, milk solids not fat (skim milk powder), sweeteners, stabilizers and emulsifiers, and mineral water in making ice cream. A study was carried out to determine the effects of the use of the ratio of sunflower oil: virgin coconut oil with palm fruit as a stabilizer in the production of ice cream on physicochemical properties (pH, proximate, overrun, viscosity, and melting rate). The use of palm fruit is based on the content of galactomannan in palm fruit. Premium ice cream with five different ratios of SO and VCO (15:0), (10:5), (7.5:7.5), (5:10), (15:0). The ice cream production involves mixing, pasteurization, homogenization, aging, and freezing. The physicochemical result shows ice cream sample with a ratio SO:VCO (5:10) obtained good physical properties, the lowest first-time drop/ shape retention, and a low melting rate compared to the others. The rheological behavior of ice cream is the non-Newtonian fluids with a pseudoplastic behavior. The apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate.
{"title":"Physicochemical and Rheology Properties of Ice Cream Prepared from Sunflower Oil and Virgin Coconut Oil","authors":"Linda Trivana, N. E. Suyatma, Dase Huunaefi, S. Munarso, A. Y. Pradhana, B. Rindengan","doi":"10.37833/cord.v39i.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v39i.452","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, increasing trends towards the consumption of healthier foods have forced processors of high-fat products (ice cream) to shift their formulations to higher proportions of unsaturated or “healthier” fats. Vegetable oils such as sunflower oil and VCO can be used as a substitute for milk fat, milk solids not fat (skim milk powder), sweeteners, stabilizers and emulsifiers, and mineral water in making ice cream. A study was carried out to determine the effects of the use of the ratio of sunflower oil: virgin coconut oil with palm fruit as a stabilizer in the production of ice cream on physicochemical properties (pH, proximate, overrun, viscosity, and melting rate). The use of palm fruit is based on the content of galactomannan in palm fruit. Premium ice cream with five different ratios of SO and VCO (15:0), (10:5), (7.5:7.5), (5:10), (15:0). The ice cream production involves mixing, pasteurization, homogenization, aging, and freezing. The physicochemical result shows ice cream sample with a ratio SO:VCO (5:10) obtained good physical properties, the lowest first-time drop/ shape retention, and a low melting rate compared to the others. The rheological behavior of ice cream is the non-Newtonian fluids with a pseudoplastic behavior. The apparent viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41633428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Marikkar, C. Yalegama, Rushdah Fareed, Savani Ulpathakumbura, Dilani Hewapathirana
Coconut testa is an important byproduct of coconut processing. In this study, the acceptability of staple foods incorporated with defatted coconut testa flour (CTF) was investigated. Foods supplemented with CTF will be ideal as a functional food for diabetes. Formulations of string hoppers incorporated with CTF were done by mixing white rice flour (RF) with CTF in four different ratios; F1 (RF: CTF=70:30), F2 (RF: CTF=75:25), F3 (RF: CTF=80:20) and F4 (RF: CTF=85:15). Likewise, formulation of flat-bread rotti were prepared by mixing wheat flour (WF) with CTF in four different ratios; P1 (WF: CTF=60:40), P2 (WF: CTF=70:30), P3 (WF: CTF=80:20) and P4 (WF: CTF=90:10). Acceptability of the formulations was determined using Friedman test and preference ranking test. According to sensory evaluation, the highest score of overall acceptability and other sensory attributes were observed for composite flour mixtures incorporated with 25% of CTF in rice flour for string hoppers (idiyappa) and 20% of CTF in wheat flour for flat- bread (rotti). The proximate analysis of the finished products namely, string hopper (idiyappa) and flat-bread (rotti) showed better nutritional properties with regard to protein, dietary fiber, fat and mineral content than respective composite flour mixtures used in their preparation. Furthermore, IF and string hopper (idiyappa) samples showed increased nutritional compositions in terms of dietary fiber, mineral content when compared to RF and flat-bread rotti samples. In conclusion, the quality attributes and dietary fibre content of the two formulated products indicated their potential use as anti-diabetic foods.
{"title":"Evaluation of Staple Foods Supplemented with Defatted Coconut Testa Flour","authors":"N. Marikkar, C. Yalegama, Rushdah Fareed, Savani Ulpathakumbura, Dilani Hewapathirana","doi":"10.37833/cord.v38i.443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v38i.443","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut testa is an important byproduct of coconut processing. In this study, the acceptability of staple foods incorporated with defatted coconut testa flour (CTF) was investigated. Foods supplemented with CTF will be ideal as a functional food for diabetes. Formulations of string hoppers incorporated with CTF were done by mixing white rice flour (RF) with CTF in four different ratios; F1 (RF: CTF=70:30), F2 (RF: CTF=75:25), F3 (RF: CTF=80:20) and F4 (RF: CTF=85:15). Likewise, formulation of flat-bread rotti were prepared by mixing wheat flour (WF) with CTF in four different ratios; P1 (WF: CTF=60:40), P2 (WF: CTF=70:30), P3 (WF: CTF=80:20) and P4 (WF: CTF=90:10). Acceptability of the formulations was determined using Friedman test and preference ranking test. According to sensory evaluation, the highest score of overall acceptability and other sensory attributes were observed for composite flour mixtures incorporated with 25% of CTF in rice flour for string hoppers (idiyappa) and 20% of CTF in wheat flour for flat- bread (rotti). The proximate analysis of the finished products namely, string hopper (idiyappa) and flat-bread (rotti) showed better nutritional properties with regard to protein, dietary fiber, fat and mineral content than respective composite flour mixtures used in their preparation. Furthermore, IF and string hopper (idiyappa) samples showed increased nutritional compositions in terms of dietary fiber, mineral content when compared to RF and flat-bread rotti samples. In conclusion, the quality attributes and dietary fibre content of the two formulated products indicated their potential use as anti-diabetic foods.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45364546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. L. W. C. Yalegama, D. Karunaratne, R. Sivakanesan
Defatted dehydrated coconut kernel powder (DDCP) is the by-product obtained from virgin coconut oil production through dry process. The aim of the study was to concentrate polysaccharides from DDCP and to investigate their acid hydrolysis capacity and the monosaccharides composition. Residual fat, protein and soluble sugars of DDCP were removed to concentrate coconut kernel Insoluble polysaccharides (CKIP) while water extract of DDCP was used to concentrate coconut kernel soluble polysaccharides (CKSP). Neutral detergent solution (NDS) was used to concentrate neutral detergent soluble polysaccharides (NDSP) and neutral detergent insoluble polysaccharides (NDIP) from CKIP. The acid detergent solution (ADS) was used to concentrate acid detergent soluble polysaccharides (ADSP) and acid detergent insoluble polysaccharides (ADIP) from CKIP. Results indicated fresh coconut kernel contained 7.2±1.5% carbohydrates and the content increased to 78.1±1.3% with the removal of residual fat, protein and sugars. The yields of the polysaccharide fractions were 46.0±3.1% (CKIP) and 9.2± 0.1% (CKSP), 10.2±0.3% (NDSP) and 78.3±4.2% (NDIP), 25.1±0.3% (ADSP) and 45.2±2.9% (ADIP). Trifluoracetic acid had a higher hydrolyzing capacity than sulphuric acid except for hydrolyzing of ADIP. The monosaccharides composition of the polysaccharides was significantly different (p<0.05) among the polysaccharide concentrates. The main monosaccharides in NDSP were glucose (73.86%) and xylose (19.7%) and, in ADSP were rhamnose (33.45%) and glucose (46.91%). Rhamnose (29.95%) arabinose (26.38%), xylose (21.56%) and mannose (12.87%) were present in CKSP while mannose (68.46%), galactose (20.59%) and xylose (10.59%) were present in CKIP. Results indicated that soluble polysaccharides of coconut kernel were hydrolyzed into monosaccharides readily compared to the insoluble polysaccharides.
{"title":"A Study on Acid Hydrolysis and Composition of Polysaccharides Concentrated from Coconut Kernel","authors":"L. L. W. C. Yalegama, D. Karunaratne, R. Sivakanesan","doi":"10.37833/cord.v38i.436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v38i.436","url":null,"abstract":"Defatted dehydrated coconut kernel powder (DDCP) is the by-product obtained from virgin coconut oil production through dry process. The aim of the study was to concentrate polysaccharides from DDCP and to investigate their acid hydrolysis capacity and the monosaccharides composition. Residual fat, protein and soluble sugars of DDCP were removed to concentrate coconut kernel Insoluble polysaccharides (CKIP) while water extract of DDCP was used to concentrate coconut kernel soluble polysaccharides (CKSP). Neutral detergent solution (NDS) was used to concentrate neutral detergent soluble polysaccharides (NDSP) and neutral detergent insoluble polysaccharides (NDIP) from CKIP. The acid detergent solution (ADS) was used to concentrate acid detergent soluble polysaccharides (ADSP) and acid detergent insoluble polysaccharides (ADIP) from CKIP. Results indicated fresh coconut kernel contained 7.2±1.5% carbohydrates and the content increased to 78.1±1.3% with the removal of residual fat, protein and sugars. The yields of the polysaccharide fractions were 46.0±3.1% (CKIP) and 9.2± 0.1% (CKSP), 10.2±0.3% (NDSP) and 78.3±4.2% (NDIP), 25.1±0.3% (ADSP) and 45.2±2.9% (ADIP). Trifluoracetic acid had a higher hydrolyzing capacity than sulphuric acid except for hydrolyzing of ADIP. The monosaccharides composition of the polysaccharides was significantly different (p<0.05) among the polysaccharide concentrates. The main monosaccharides in NDSP were glucose (73.86%) and xylose (19.7%) and, in ADSP were rhamnose (33.45%) and glucose (46.91%). Rhamnose (29.95%) arabinose (26.38%), xylose (21.56%) and mannose (12.87%) were present in CKSP while mannose (68.46%), galactose (20.59%) and xylose (10.59%) were present in CKIP. Results indicated that soluble polysaccharides of coconut kernel were hydrolyzed into monosaccharides readily compared to the insoluble polysaccharides.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47476030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this research is to know the local tall coconut population, production and productivity in Taliabu Island, North Maluku Province, which is crucial for the industry. The aerial photography method using drones has been carried out to determine the distribution of coconut diversity, palm age, production potential and local coconut productivity. Production data and coconut fruit components were carried out on 6 sample populations. The result (Arvitech) revealed that in Jorjoga, the area under coconut was 335 ha out of the surveyed area of 1,066 ha. The total number of coconut palms was 55.728 palms. The Geomac survey carried out in Tabona indicated there were 77,629 coconut palms in an area of 1,000 ha. The fruit component analysis showed the weight of the whole fruit and the fruit without husk at the Jorjoga was 1,340-1,629g/fruit, and 805-1,033g/seed nut, and in Tabona was 1,478-1,577g/fruit and 944-966g/seed nut. The coconut production potential at Jorjoga was 9,539 nuts/ha/year, higher than that of Tabona with 7,227 nuts/ha/year. The coconut production and productivity estimation information can be used to develop a coconut replanting and rehabilitation strategy wherein selected varieties with good attributes for the tall coconut can be planted and ensure their proper maintenance, thus can be used to estimate the need for raw materials required for the establishment of the coconut industry in Taliabu Island. Determining the coconut population status can increase the production and productivity of coconut palms through rejuvenation, rehabilitation and expansion of coconut plantations using superior tall coconut seedlings.
{"title":"Estimating Coconut Production and Productivity of Local Tall in Taliabu Island Using Drone and Sampling Population","authors":"H. Novarianto","doi":"10.37833/cord.v38i.453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v38i.453","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research is to know the local tall coconut population, production and productivity in Taliabu Island, North Maluku Province, which is crucial for the industry. The aerial photography method using drones has been carried out to determine the distribution of coconut diversity, palm age, production potential and local coconut productivity. Production data and coconut fruit components were carried out on 6 sample populations. The result (Arvitech) revealed that in Jorjoga, the area under coconut was 335 ha out of the surveyed area of 1,066 ha. The total number of coconut palms was 55.728 palms. The Geomac survey carried out in Tabona indicated there were 77,629 coconut palms in an area of 1,000 ha. The fruit component analysis showed the weight of the whole fruit and the fruit without husk at the Jorjoga was 1,340-1,629g/fruit, and 805-1,033g/seed nut, and in Tabona was 1,478-1,577g/fruit and 944-966g/seed nut. The coconut production potential at Jorjoga was 9,539 nuts/ha/year, higher than that of Tabona with 7,227 nuts/ha/year. The coconut production and productivity estimation information can be used to develop a coconut replanting and rehabilitation strategy wherein selected varieties with good attributes for the tall coconut can be planted and ensure their proper maintenance, thus can be used to estimate the need for raw materials required for the establishment of the coconut industry in Taliabu Island. Determining the coconut population status can increase the production and productivity of coconut palms through rejuvenation, rehabilitation and expansion of coconut plantations using superior tall coconut seedlings.","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46883964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT At present climate changes and extreme weather events which are significantly affects the productivity of coconut in the major coconut growing areas in the country and ultimately it will threaten the livelihood of coconut cultivating community. The present study was undertaken to determine the coconut growers’ knowledge and perceptions about climate change and adaptation strategies. The study was conducted in Puttalam district which is more vulnerable to climate change impacts. The study sample comprised of 140 coconut growers. The study findings emphasized that notable fraction of growers have fairly high knowledge and perceptions about climate change and various impacts. Further, age, education and farming experience were found to be positively related and gender, land holding, family size, land ownership were negatively related with growers’ knowledge and perceptions. Additionally, age, family size and education were found to be significantly related with growers’ knowledge and only the family size and education were found to be significantly related with growers’ perceptions. Moreover, growers’ knowledge was positively and significantly related with their perceptions and adaptation measures as well as perceptions also positively and significantly related with adaptation measures. Also, findings showed that significant importance to create extension and awareness campaigns to educate the coconut growers about climate change related risks and uncertainties and suitable adaptation strategies. Therefore, agriculture policy makers should more focus on mitigating impacts of climate change to enhance the sustainable coconut cultivation in the country with providing more information, financial supports and subsidies to growers to adopt suitable adaptation measures. Keywords: adaptation strategies, climate change, coconut growers’ knowledge, perceptions
{"title":"Coconut Growers' Knowledge and Perceptions on Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies in Puttalam District of Sri Lanka","authors":"Ruvani Subhathma Wickramarathna Godage","doi":"10.37833/cord.v38i.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37833/cord.v38i.442","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT \u0000At present climate changes and extreme weather events which are significantly affects the productivity of coconut in the major coconut growing areas in the country and ultimately it will threaten the livelihood of coconut cultivating community. The present study was undertaken to determine the coconut growers’ knowledge and perceptions about climate change and adaptation strategies. The study was conducted in Puttalam district which is more vulnerable to climate change impacts. The study sample comprised of 140 coconut growers. The study findings emphasized that notable fraction of growers have fairly high knowledge and perceptions about climate change and various impacts. Further, age, education and farming experience were found to be positively related and gender, land holding, family size, land ownership were negatively related with growers’ knowledge and perceptions. Additionally, age, family size and education were found to be significantly related with growers’ knowledge and only the family size and education were found to be significantly related with growers’ perceptions. Moreover, growers’ knowledge was positively and significantly related with their perceptions and adaptation measures as well as perceptions also positively and significantly related with adaptation measures. Also, findings showed that significant importance to create extension and awareness campaigns to educate the coconut growers about climate change related risks and uncertainties and suitable adaptation strategies. Therefore, agriculture policy makers should more focus on mitigating impacts of climate change to enhance the sustainable coconut cultivation in the country with providing more information, financial supports and subsidies to growers to adopt suitable adaptation measures. \u0000Keywords: adaptation strategies, climate change, coconut growers’ knowledge, perceptions","PeriodicalId":52732,"journal":{"name":"CORD","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43775788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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