Old and Middle Irish nature poetry has long been appreciated for the vividness of its description of the natural world. In this paper, we will show that the inventory of trees and bushes upon which poets drew was based less upon direct observation of nature than upon a traditional taxonomy found in a completely different genre, the law tracts dating back to the seventh century, notably the tree list edited by Fergus Kelly in 1976 from Bretha Comaithchesa ‘Judgments Concerning Neighborhood Law’. Thus, the economic and aesthetic value of trees and bushes as discussed in law tracts and nature poetry were part of a single continuous tradition of taxonomy and silviculture stretching over at least 500 years. We will end by discussing the relationship between this tradition and the Ogam letter names (McManus 1997).
{"title":"Trees and Tradition in Early Ireland","authors":"Lionel S. Joseph, B. Drayton","doi":"10.33353/scf.109499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.109499","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Old and Middle Irish nature poetry has long been appreciated for the vividness of its description of the natural world. In this paper, we will show that the inventory of trees and bushes upon which poets drew was based less upon direct observation of nature than upon a traditional taxonomy found in a completely different genre, the law tracts dating back to the seventh century, notably the tree list edited by Fergus Kelly in 1976 from Bretha Comaithchesa ‘Judgments Concerning Neighborhood Law’. Thus, the economic and aesthetic value of trees and bushes as discussed in law tracts and nature poetry were part of a single continuous tradition of taxonomy and silviculture stretching over at least 500 years. We will end by discussing the relationship between this tradition and the Ogam letter names (McManus 1997). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41502667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyril I. Paton (1874–1949) was an English botanist who visited the Isle of Man each summer, having family links with the Island. He was also an enthusiast for the Manx language. His diaries are extant from 1905–1949, and there are numerous entries in passing concerned with Manx. As such, they are a singular source for Manx in the first half of the twentieth century. Paton was interested in finding native speakers of Manx and as a keen walker and naturalist he covered most of the Island. Whilst he was not engaged in a systematic search for speakers, nevertheless, there are names of speakers recorded as well as comments on Manx in the Island.
{"title":"Cyril I. Paton’s Diaries and the Manx Language (1910–1949)","authors":"Stephen Miller","doi":"10.33353/scf.107228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.107228","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Cyril I. Paton (1874–1949) was an English botanist who visited the Isle of Man each summer, having family links with the Island. He was also an enthusiast for the Manx language. His diaries are extant from 1905–1949, and there are numerous entries in passing concerned with Manx. As such, they are a singular source for Manx in the first half of the twentieth century. Paton was interested in finding native speakers of Manx and as a keen walker and naturalist he covered most of the Island. Whilst he was not engaged in a systematic search for speakers, nevertheless, there are names of speakers recorded as well as comments on Manx in the Island. \u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43698661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Moran, P., De origine scoticae linguae (O’Mulconry’s Glossary): An Early Irish Linguistic Tract, with a Related Glossary, Irsan","authors":"Chantal Kobel","doi":"10.33353/scf.109973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.109973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45918509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Ó Síocháin, T., Caoilte sa Luath-Fhiannaíocht","authors":"Síle Ní Mhurchú","doi":"10.33353/scf.111845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.111845","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48356759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Scottish History Society, Miscellany of the Scottish History Society, Volume XVI","authors":"A. Lind","doi":"10.33353/scf.101522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.101522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49338269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Langley, C. R., The National Covenant in Scotland, 1638–1689","authors":"Karie Schultz","doi":"10.33353/scf.101594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.101594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48346159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper compares and contextualizes the comments of Gruffudd Bola (fl. 1270/1280) and Robert Gwyn (c. 1545–c. 1597/1603) on their strategies of translating (quotations from) authoritative religious texts. In the introductory section of his translation of the Athanasian Creed, which he produced for Efa ferch Maredudd, Gruffudd Bola employs the topos of ‘(sometimes) word-for-word’ versus ‘(sometimes) sense-by-sense’ to explain and justify his approach whenever the structural demands of the target language render a literal translation impossible. About three hundred years later, Robert Gwyn, the recusant author of Y Drych Kristnogawl (‘The Christian Mirror’, c. 1583/1584), argues that in the devotional- didactic genre the translations of quotations from authoritative religious texts such as the Bible need to be adapted to his audience’s level of understanding. He thus subordinates fidelity on the literal level to the demands of comprehensibility. Both authors insist on the priority of successful communication, but approach the translator’s dilemma in different frameworks.
本文比较了 Gruffudd Bola（1270/1280 年左右）和 Robert Gwyn（1545-1597/1603 年左右）对其翻译（引用）权威宗教文本的策略的评论，并将其与上下文进行比较。在他为 Efa ferch Maredudd 翻译的《亚他那修信条》的引言部分，Gruffudd Bola 使用了"（有时）逐字翻译 "和"（有时）逐义翻译 "的概念来解释和证明他的翻译方法，只要目标语言的结构要求使直译成为不可能。大约三百年后，《基督教之镜》（Y Drych Kristnogawl，约 1583/1584 年）的作者罗伯特-格温（Robert Gwyn）认为，在虔诚说教体裁中，对《圣经》等权威宗教文本引文的翻译需要适应听众的理解水平。因此，他将字面的忠实性置于可理解性的要求之下。两位作者都坚持成功交流的优先性，但在不同的框架下处理译者的困境。
{"title":"Beyond ‘word-for-word’","authors":"E. Poppe","doi":"10.33353/scf.83986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33353/scf.83986","url":null,"abstract":"The paper compares and contextualizes the comments of Gruffudd Bola (fl. 1270/1280) and Robert Gwyn (c. 1545–c. 1597/1603) on their strategies of translating (quotations from) authoritative religious texts. In the introductory section of his translation of the Athanasian Creed, which he produced for Efa ferch Maredudd, Gruffudd Bola employs the topos of ‘(sometimes) word-for-word’ versus ‘(sometimes) sense-by-sense’ to explain and justify his approach whenever the structural demands of the target language render a literal translation impossible. About three hundred years later, Robert Gwyn, the recusant author of Y Drych Kristnogawl (‘The Christian Mirror’, c. 1583/1584), argues that in the devotional- didactic genre the translations of quotations from authoritative religious texts such as the Bible need to be adapted to his audience’s level of understanding. He thus subordinates fidelity on the literal level to the demands of comprehensibility. Both authors insist on the priority of successful communication, but approach the translator’s dilemma in different frameworks.","PeriodicalId":52764,"journal":{"name":"Studia Celtica Fennica","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141227783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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