Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献_第3页

ECT & CRP, quo vadis? - A retrospective study of low-grade inflammation in patients with depression undergoing electroconvulsive therapy ECT和CRP，怎么样？-一项接受电休克治疗的抑郁症患者低度炎症的回顾性研究

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100115

Moritz Spangemacher , Sebastian Karl , Suna Su Aksay , Eva Kathrin Lamadé , Jana Plemper , Alexander Sartorius , Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi

Introduction

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression. Depression has been associated with low-grade inflammation (LGI), as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to healthy individuals. While the effect of ECT on inflammation markers remains unclear, some evidence suggests that higher baseline CRP levels may predict remission in ECT. Additionally, LGI could influence the seizure threshold and thus the required stimulation dose.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study examined the potential link between LGI and treatment outcomes as well as stimulation doses across multiple ECT sessions, controlling for age and interparticipant variability. The hypothesis of this study was that LGI was associated with ECT remission as well as with ECT dosing in people with depression. Two groups were defined, depending on CRP levels, those with LGI (CRP 3–10 mg/L) and those without (CRP < 3 mg/L). Generalized linear models were used to analyze maximum ECT doses, while linear mixed models were applied to assess changes in ECT doses over time.

Results

After 10 ECT sessions, we found no significant difference in remission rates between patients with (n = 52) and without LGI (n = 143). However, patients with baseline LGI had higher maximum ECT doses. A linear mixed model revealed that the number of sessions and baseline LGI significantly influenced ECT doses, with patients with baseline LGI needing higher doses, particularly at the seventh session. Age also was associated with both maximum doses and dose adjustments throughout the ECT series, but the influence of LGI on ECT dose was independent of age, since no age differences were observed between groups.

Conclusions

Baseline inflammation was not associated with remission rates, but it had a significant association with ECT dosing. Therefore, while CRP may not be a reliable biomarker for predicting ECT response in depression, baseline inflammation could indicate the need for a higher stimulation dose.

导言电休克疗法（ECT）是治疗严重抑郁症最有效的方法。与健康人相比，抑郁症患者的 C 反应蛋白（CRP）水平升高，表明抑郁症与低度炎症（LGI）有关。虽然 ECT 对炎症指标的影响尚不明确，但有证据表明，较高的基线 CRP 水平可能预示着 ECT 的缓解。此外，LGI 可能会影响癫痫发作阈值，从而影响所需的刺激剂量。这项回顾性研究考察了 LGI 与治疗结果以及多次 ECT 治疗的刺激剂量之间的潜在联系，并控制了年龄和参与者之间的差异。本研究的假设是，LGI 与抑郁症患者的 ECT 缓解以及 ECT 剂量有关。根据 CRP 水平将患者分为两组，即 LGI 组（CRP 3-10 mg/L）和非 LGI 组（CRP < 3 mg/L）。我们使用广义线性模型来分析ECT的最大剂量，同时使用线性混合模型来评估ECT剂量随时间的变化。然而，基线LGI患者的最大ECT剂量更高。线性混合模型显示，治疗次数和基线LGI对ECT剂量有显著影响，基线LGI患者需要的剂量更高，尤其是在第七次治疗时。年龄也与整个ECT系列的最大剂量和剂量调整有关，但LGI对ECT剂量的影响与年龄无关，因为各组间未观察到年龄差异。因此，虽然 CRP 可能不是预测抑郁症患者 ECT 反应的可靠生物标志物，但基线炎症可能表明需要更高的刺激剂量。

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引用次数: 0

Subjective experience, psychosocial functioning and different psychomotor clusters in catatonia: How are they connected? 紧张症患者的主观体验、社会心理功能和不同的精神运动集群：它们之间有何联系？

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100113

Geva A. Brandt , Stefan Fritze , Dilsa Cemre Akkoc Altinok , Sebastian Volkmer , Jacqueline Kukovic , Jonas Daub , Katharina M. Kubera , Georg Northoff , Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg , Dusan Hirjak

Background

Catatonia involves decreased, increased, and abnormal psychomotor activity, but most previous studies mainly focused on motor signs, neglecting the patients' subjective experiences. This study aimed to characterize psychomotor activity levels as introduced in the ICD-11 and their relation to subjectivity and overall psychosocial functioning in catatonia.

Methods

We examined 54 patients with catatonia and 90 patients with schizophrenia spectrum- or mood disorders according to ICD-11 using an extensive battery of psychomotor-related clinical rating scales and Northoff Scale for subjective experience in catatonia (NSSC). For catatonia patients partial correlation coefficients between ICD-11 psychomotor clusters and their surrogate parameters were calculated. Group differences were analyzed using MANCOVA and post-hoc ANOVA. Finally, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to examine the classification value of the respective rating scales and different surrogate parameters of ICD-11-related psychomotor activity.

Results

In catatonia patients decreased psychomotor activity was associated with psychomotor retardation (p<.05)), while increased activity was positively correlated with impulsivity and negatively correlated with psychomotor retardation (both p-values<.01). Abnormal psychomotor activity was positively associated with stereotypies as well as mannerisms, affectation and posturing. Significant group differences were observed in subjective experience, social performance, trait anxiety, psychomotor slowing, processing speed, and cognitive functioning. LDA revealed that the respective psychomotor-related rating scales are capable of distinguishing between diagnostic groups, albeit with varying degrees of classification accuracy (61.8 %-87.5 %).

Conclusion

We identified a relationship between varying levels of psychomotor activity, subjective experiences, and psychosocial functioning in catatonia as defined by the ICD-11. Future large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings and refine assessment tools, such as the NSSC, by integrating subjective experiences with objective rating scales. This approach could pave the way for more tailored treatment options that consider the unique subjective experiences of catatonia patients.

背景紧张症涉及精神运动活动的减少、增加和异常，但以往的研究大多集中在运动体征上，忽视了患者的主观体验。本研究旨在描述ICD-11中引入的精神运动活动水平及其与紧张症主体性和整体社会心理功能的关系。方法采用精神运动相关临床评定量表和Northoff紧张症主观体验量表（NSSC），根据ICD-11对54例紧张症患者和90例精神分裂症谱系或情绪障碍患者进行了检查。对于紧张症患者，计算ICD-11精神运动类及其替代参数的部分相关系数。使用MANCOVA和事后方差分析分析组间差异。最后，采用线性判别分析（LDA）对icd -11相关精神运动活动的各评定量表和不同替代参数的分类价值进行检验。结果紧张症患者精神运动活动减少与精神运动发育迟滞相关（p < 0.05），精神运动活动增加与冲动性呈正相关，与精神运动发育迟滞负相关（p < 0.01）。异常的精神运动活动与刻板印象、举止、矫揉造作和姿态呈正相关。在主观体验、社会表现、特质焦虑、精神运动迟缓、加工速度和认知功能方面，组间存在显著差异。LDA显示，各自的精神运动相关评定量表能够区分诊断组，尽管分类准确率不同（61.8 %-87.5 %）。结论：根据ICD-11的定义，我们确定了紧张症患者不同程度的精神运动活动、主观体验和社会心理功能之间的关系。未来需要大规模的研究来验证这些发现，并通过将主观经验与客观评定量表相结合来完善评估工具，如NSSC。这种方法可以为更有针对性的治疗选择铺平道路，考虑到紧张症患者独特的主观体验。

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引用次数: 0

Uncovering nesfatin-1 and irisin hormones in schizophrenia and psychosis patients: A comparative investigation 揭示精神分裂症和精神病患者体内的nesfatin-1和鸢尾素激素：比较研究

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100112

Erhan Dinçer , Sermin Algul , Oguz Ozcelik

Objective

This study aims to elucidate the potential roles of the hormones nesfatin-1 and irisin in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and psychosis.

Methods

The study involved 80 participants, divided into three groups: schizophrenia (n=30), psychosis (n=20), and controls (n=30). Blood samples were collected from these participants, and the levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 were measured using the ELISA method.

Results

The findings revealed that nesfatin-1 levels in schizophrenia patients were significantly higher compared to those in psychosis patients and controls. Additionally, nesfatin-1 levels in psychosis patients were significantly higher than in controls. In contrast, irisin levels were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients compared to both psychosis patients and controls.

Discussion

These results suggest that nesfatin-1 and irisin may have important implications for understanding and treating schizophrenia and psychosis. Further research is needed to explore the roles of these hormones in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions.

本研究旨在阐明荷尔蒙奈斯法汀-1和鸢尾素在精神分裂症和精神病的病理生理学中的潜在作用。方法本研究涉及 80 名参与者，分为三组：精神分裂症（30 人）、精神病（20 人）和对照组（30 人）。结果研究结果显示，精神分裂症患者的内司蛋白-1水平明显高于精神病患者和对照组。此外，精神分裂症患者的nesfatin-1水平也明显高于对照组。讨论这些结果表明，nesfatin-1和鸢尾素可能对理解和治疗精神分裂症和精神病有重要意义。需要进一步研究这些激素在这些疾病的病因、诊断和治疗中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Impaired cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia: A systematic review of behavioral and neurobiological findings 精神分裂症患者认知灵活性受损：行为学和神经生物学研究结果的系统回顾

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100111

Philipp Aumer , Geva A. Brandt , Dusan Hirjak , Florian Bähner

Background and hypothesis

Impaired cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia (SZ) is well documented and correlation with worse functional outcome indicates clinical relevance. Paradigms that assess cognitive flexibility include the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery’s (CANTAB) Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED). This systematic review provides an overview of the current state of research on cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia and points out relevant areas of non-consensus.

Methods

Two electronic databases (Embase and PubMed) were searched for records published from 1993 to 2024 on adult SZ patients that were assessed for cognitive flexibility/set-shifting ability using WCST and/or IED.

Results

38 studies were included in the review, most of which reported significantly worse performance of SZ patients in WCST and/or IED compared to healthy controls (HC). Most publications focused on the specific profile of cognitive inflexibility. Other aspects included progression of cognitive inflexibility over the course of the illness, neurobiological correlates, IQ as a possible confounder and whether cognitive inflexibility is a heritable trait.

Conclusion

Included studies show that cognitive inflexibility rather reflects a stable trait than a state, indicating a lasting prefrontal impairment in SZ. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify how these deficits evolve during progression of the disorder. Neither antipsychotic medication nor intelligence seem to explain impaired cognitive flexibility. However, a disease-specific cognitive phenotype has not yet been established and additional research on neuro-computational mechanisms is thus needed to identify possible targets for interventional studies.

背景与假设精神分裂症（SZ）患者的认知灵活性受损已得到充分证实，而认知灵活性受损与功能预后恶化之间的相关性也表明了其临床意义。评估认知灵活性的范式包括威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）和剑桥神经心理测验自动测试系统（CANTAB）的维内集移（IED）。本系统综述概述了精神分裂症患者认知灵活性的研究现状，并指出了尚未达成共识的相关领域。研究方法在两个电子数据库（Embase 和 PubMed）中检索了 1993 年至 2024 年间发表的有关成年 SZ 患者的记录，这些记录使用 WCST 和/或 IED 评估了患者的认知灵活性/集合转换能力。大多数文献都侧重于认知灵活性不足的具体表现。其他方面包括认知不灵活在病程中的进展、神经生物学相关性、智商作为可能的混杂因素以及认知不灵活是否是一种遗传性状。需要进一步开展纵向研究，以明确这些缺陷在疾病发展过程中是如何演变的。抗精神病药物和智力似乎都不能解释认知灵活性受损的原因。然而，特定疾病的认知表型尚未确定，因此需要对神经计算机制进行更多研究，以确定可能的干预研究目标。

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引用次数: 0

Elemental examination in blood and urine samples of Jordanian children with autism spectrum disorder 约旦自闭症谱系障碍儿童血液和尿液样本中的元素检测

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100110

Ayat Hussein B. Rashaid , Tasneem Shanayneh , Mazin Alqhazo , Mahmoud Bashtawi

Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the psychiatric disorders with unknown etiology, which possibly affects children in the first three years of their life. This case-control study was performed to explore the differences in concentrations of 9 elements: sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) in whole blood and urine specimens of children with ASD, neurotypical children, and their mothers. The study investigates the associations between the elements, sex, and severity of ASD. Methods and Materials: The study rincluded 21 children with ASD and 19 age-sex-matched neurotypical children. Elemental analysis was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The behaviors of ASD were assessed using the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The results indicated a significant increase of Al (198 ± 87, p= 0.05) and significant decrease of Ca (50 ± 3, p= 0.007) and Mn (10 ± 1, p= 0.004) in blood sample of ASD compared to the neurotypical group. In the urine sample, a significant decrease level appeared in Ca (41 ± 10, p=0.05) of ASD compared to neurotypical. The maternal samples showed no significant difference between ASD and neurotypical. The main finding of this study could help the specialist to diagnose and relieve symptoms of ASD. Thus, the heavy and trace elements analysis is a biomarker for ASD.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种病因不明的精神疾病，可能影响出生后头三年的儿童。本病例对照研究旨在探讨自闭症儿童、神经正常儿童及其母亲的全血和尿液标本中钠（Na）、铝（Al）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、钒（V）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、钍（Th）和铀（U）这 9 种元素浓度的差异。该研究调查了这些元素、性别和自闭症严重程度之间的关联。方法和材料：研究包括 21 名 ASD 儿童和 19 名年龄性别匹配的神经正常儿童。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）进行元素分析。采用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM-5）第五版和儿童自闭症评定量表（CARS）对自闭症儿童的行为进行了评估。结果表明，与神经畸形组相比，自闭症患者血液样本中的铝含量明显增加（198 ± 87，p= 0.05），而钙含量（50 ± 3，p= 0.007）和锰含量（10 ± 1，p= 0.004）则明显减少。在尿液样本中，与神经畸形组相比，ASD 的钙含量（41 ± 10，p=0.05）明显下降。母体样本显示，ASD 和神经畸形之间没有明显差异。这项研究的主要发现有助于专家诊断和缓解 ASD 的症状。因此，重元素和微量元素分析是 ASD 的生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular risk factors as potential biomarkers of length of hospital stay and rehospitalization in mood disorders – a retrospective study 心血管风险因素是情绪障碍患者住院时间和再次住院的潜在生物标志物--一项回顾性研究

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100109

Eva Kathrin Lamadé , Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi , Bernhard Schaupp , Nicole Özer , Bertram Krumm , Michaela Coenen , Sibylle Häfner , Maria Gilles , Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg , Michael Deuschle

Objective

Cardiovascular diseases are often comorbid with mood disorders, increasing the burden on patients. Few studies explore the role of cardiovascular disease on psychiatric inpatient stays. This retrospective study investigated the association of cardiovascular risk factors during an index stay on psychiatric length of stays and rehospitalization in the subsequent 10 years in patients with mood disorders.

Methods

Patients with a first inpatient stay in two German psychiatric hospitals, diagnosed with F31 (bipolar affective disorder), F32 (depressive episode) or F33 (recurrent depressive disorder) were investigated (n=930). The association of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus at the index stay with total length of stays, average length of stay and rehospitalization in the next 10 years was investigated in bivariate, and multivariate regression analyses, adjusting for sex, age, BMI, smoking, taking antidepressants and antipsychotics.

Results

Patients averaged 99.27 (± 134.94) inpatient days within 10 years, patients with hypertension 138.09 (± 162.85) days. Controlling for confounders, hypertension associated with longer total length of stays (β=0.105, p=0.044), hypertension (β=0.146, p=0.004), hypercholesterolemia (β=0.104, p=0.034) and diabetes (β=0.103, p=0.015) linked to more rehospitalizations and not having hypercholesterolemia (β=0.101, p=0.041) related to longer average stays. Sex mediated the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and both rehospitalization (F=11.60, p<0.001) and total length of stays (F=7.21, p=0.007), with males with hypercholesterolemia showing more rehospitalization and longer total length of stays than females.

Conclusion

Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with duration and frequency of psychiatric inpatient stays in patients with mood disorders. Cardiovascular risk factors as potential predictive biomarkers for the course of disease of mood disorders should be monitored and managed.

目的心血管疾病经常与情绪障碍并发，增加了患者的负担。很少有研究探讨心血管疾病对精神病患者住院时间的影响。这项回顾性研究调查了情绪障碍患者在首次住院期间的心血管风险因素与精神科住院时间及随后10年的再次住院时间之间的关系。在对性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟、服用抗抑郁药物和抗精神病药物等因素进行调整后，通过二元和多元回归分析，研究了高血压、高胆固醇血症和 2 型糖尿病在首次住院时与总住院天数、平均住院天数和未来 10 年内再次住院天数之间的关系。控制混杂因素后，高血压与总住院时间延长有关（β=0.105，p=0.044），高血压（β=0.146，p=0.004）、高胆固醇血症（β=0.104，p=0.034）和糖尿病（β=0.103，p=0.015）与再住院次数增加有关，而无高胆固醇血症（β=0.101，p=0.041）与平均住院时间延长有关。性别对高胆固醇血症与再住院（F=11.60，p<0.001）和总住院时间（F=7.21，p=0.007）之间的关系起中介作用，男性高胆固醇血症患者比女性再住院次数更多，总住院时间更长。心血管风险因素作为情绪障碍病程的潜在预测生物标志物，应加以监测和管理。

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引用次数: 0

Biomarkers of thrombotic tendency in schizophrenia and related psychoses: Implications for the potential usefulness of anticoagulants in schizophrenia 精神分裂症及相关精神病的血栓倾向生物标志物：抗凝剂在精神分裂症中的潜在作用

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100108

Kara B. Miecznikowski , Henry A. Nasrallah

Background

Many published studies report that antipsychotic therapy is associated with thrombotic tendency. However, fewer studies have examined whether thrombotic tendency exists in unmedicated schizophrenia (SZ) or other psychoses. In addition, some studies have reported a full remission of psychotic symptoms with warfarin, a well-known anticoagulant, raising the possibility that psychosis may be associated with thrombotic tendency. Here, we summarize the available literature on biomarkers of thrombotic tendency in unmedicated patients with SZ and other psychoses.

Methods

A PubMed search using the keywords “psychosis” OR “schizophrenia” AND (“coagulation” OR “tissue plasminogen activator” OR “thromboembolism”) for studies published between 2012 and 2023 yielded 290 results. Inclusion criteria were 1) controlled studies, 2) studies including patients with psychosis, 3) English language. Exclusion criteria included 1) review articles, 2) case reports, 3) focus on antipsychotics as a factor in thrombotic tendency.

Results

Seven studies met criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis in this review. Five studies included patients with SZ and related psychoses, while two studies also included patients with major depression and bipolar disorders. Numerous plasma proteins involved in regulating coagulation were identified as being low in patients with SZ, including fibrinolytic enzymes such as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin, protein S, and plasminogen, although one study found that tPA was reduced in chronic SZ but elevated in first-episode SZ (FES) patients.

Discussion

Those reports suggestive of thrombotic tendency in schizophrenia and related psychoses warrant further investigation, especially in drug-naïve first episode samples as compared to chronic patients, where antipsychotic treatment may contribute to thrombotic tendency. If confirmed, therapeutic strategies with anticoagulants like tPA may represent a novel approach to managing schizophrenia.

背景许多已发表的研究报告称，抗精神病治疗与血栓形成倾向有关。然而，较少研究探讨未用药的精神分裂症（SZ）或其他精神病是否存在血栓倾向。此外，一些研究报告称，使用众所周知的抗凝血剂华法林（Warfarin）后，精神病症状完全缓解，这就提出了精神病可能与血栓倾向有关的可能性。方法在PubMed上以 "精神病 "或 "精神分裂症 "和（"凝血 "或 "组织纤溶酶原激活剂 "或 "血栓栓塞"）为关键词搜索2012年至2023年间发表的研究，共获得290项结果。纳入标准为：1）对照研究；2）包括精神病患者的研究；3）英语。排除标准包括：1）综述性文章；2）病例报告；3）重点关注抗精神病药物作为血栓倾向的一个因素。其中五项研究纳入了 SZ 和相关精神病患者，两项研究还纳入了重度抑郁症和双相情感障碍患者。研究发现，SZ 患者体内许多参与调节凝血功能的血浆蛋白含量较低，其中包括纤维蛋白溶解酶，如组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）、纤溶酶、蛋白 S 和纤溶酶原，但有一项研究发现，慢性 SZ 患者体内的 tPA 含量降低，而首发 SZ（FES）患者体内的 tPA 含量升高。讨论这些提示精神分裂症及相关精神病有血栓形成倾向的报告值得进一步研究，尤其是与慢性病患者相比，初次发病的未服药样本，因为抗精神病药物治疗可能会导致血栓形成倾向。如果得到证实，使用抗凝剂（如 tPA）的治疗策略可能是治疗精神分裂症的一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Biomarker discovery using machine learning in the psychosis spectrum 利用机器学习发现精神病谱系中的生物标志物

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100107

Walid Yassin , Kendra M. Loedige , Cassandra M.J. Wannan , Kristina M. Holton , Jonathan Chevinsky , John Torous , Mei-Hua Hall , Rochelle Ruby Ye , Poornima Kumar , Sidhant Chopra , Kshitij Kumar , Jibran Y. Khokhar , Eric Margolis , Alessandro S. De Nadai

The past decade witnessed substantial discoveries related to the psychosis spectrum. Many of these discoveries resulted from pursuits of objective and quantifiable biomarkers in tandem with the application of analytical tools such as machine learning. These approaches provided exciting new insights that significantly helped improve precision in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This article provides an overview of how machine learning has been employed in recent biomarker discovery research in the psychosis spectrum, which includes schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disorder with psychosis, first episode psychosis, and clinical high risk for psychosis. It highlights both human and animal model studies and explores a varying range of the most impactful biomarkers including cognition, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and digital markers. We specifically highlight new applications and opportunities for machine learning to impact noninvasive symptom monitoring, prediction of future diagnosis and treatment outcomes, integration of new methods with traditional clinical research and practice, and personalized medicine approaches.

在过去的十年中，我们见证了与精神病谱相关的重大发现。其中许多发现都源于对客观、可量化生物标志物的研究，以及对机器学习等分析工具的应用。这些方法提供了令人兴奋的新见解，大大有助于提高诊断、预后和治疗的精确性。本文概述了机器学习是如何应用于近期精神病谱系生物标记物发现研究的，精神病谱系包括精神分裂症、分裂情感性障碍、伴有精神病的双相情感障碍、首发精神病和精神病临床高风险。报告重点介绍了人类和动物模型研究，并探讨了各种最具影响力的生物标记物，包括认知、神经影像、电生理学和数字标记物。我们特别强调了机器学习在影响无创症状监测、预测未来诊断和治疗结果、将新方法与传统临床研究和实践相结合以及个性化医疗方法方面的新应用和机遇。

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引用次数: 0

Affective processing in aphantasia and potential overlaps with alexithymia: Mental imagery facilitates the recognition of emotions in oneself and others 幻觉症中的情感处理以及与情感障碍的潜在重叠：心理想象有助于识别自己和他人的情绪

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100106

Merlin Monzel, Jana Karneboge, Martin Reuter

We investigated affective processing in aphantasia (= absent or reduced vividness of mental imagery), considering a possible overlap with alexithymia (= deficits in identifying and describing emotions), as reduced vividness of mental imagery is also reported in alexithymia. Study 1 assessed physiological reactions and self-reported sympathy in n = 30 individuals with aphantasia and n = 75 controls when confronted to visual and verbal material showing people in distress. Results demonstrated that individuals with aphantasia show reduced emotional responses, especially to verbal stimuli. This is of particular importance given the higher prevalence of alexithymic symptoms in aphantasic participants, notably in externally-oriented thinking and difficulties in describing feelings. An additional mediation analysis confirmed that vividness of visual imagery mediated the association between alexithymia and self-reported sympathy. Study 2 extended our exploration to the recognition of emotions in others using the same sample. Despite accurate recognition of emotions, individuals with aphantasia exhibited significantly slower response times, suggesting less efficient strategies that do not involve mental imagery. Our findings highlight the crucial role of mental imagery in the interplay of cognitive functions and affective processes, demonstrating how conditions such as aphantasia and alexithymia can affect sympathy and, more generally, emotions.

我们研究了幻觉症（=心理想象缺失或生动性降低）的情感处理过程，考虑到幻觉症可能与情感障碍（=识别和描述情感方面的缺陷）重叠，因为幻觉症也有心理想象生动性降低的报道。研究 1 评估了 n = 30 名幻觉症患者和 n = 75 名对照组患者在面对显示处于困境中的人的视觉和语言材料时的生理反应和自报的同情心。结果表明，患象皮病的人情绪反应减弱，尤其是对语言刺激的反应。这一点尤为重要，因为在象患参与者中，情感障碍症状的发生率较高，尤其是外向型思维和难以描述情感。另外一项中介分析证实，视觉意象的生动性在情感缺失症和自我同情之间起到了中介作用。研究 2 采用相同的样本，将我们的探索扩展到对他人情绪的识别。尽管对情绪的识别准确无误，但患有幻觉症的人却表现出明显较慢的反应时间，这表明他们的策略效率较低，不涉及心理想象。我们的研究结果凸显了心理想象在认知功能和情感过程的相互作用中所起的关键作用，说明了象觉失调症和情感缺失症等疾病是如何影响同情以及更广泛的情感的。

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引用次数: 0

Using data processing to understand inconsistency in smartphone behavior among patients with serious mental illness: Results of a digital phenotyping biomarker study 利用数据处理了解重症精神病患者使用智能手机行为的不一致性：数字表型生物标记研究的结果

Q2 Medicine

Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry

Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100105

Carsten Langholm , Scott Breitinger , Lucy Gray , Fernando Goes , Alex Walker , Ashley Xiong , Cindy Stopel , Peter P. Zandi , Mark A. Frye , John Torous

Background

Smartphone-based digital phenotyping can provide novel transdiagnostic markers of mental illness including circadian routines and anhedonia. In proposing transdiagnostic digital phenotypes for circadian routines and anhedonia in depression and bipolar disorder patients, this paper explores their derivation, comparison to naive models, and replicability across two different research sites/teams.

Methods

84 participants (bipolar disorder, depression, controls) used the mindLAMP app for 12 weeks to capture digital phenotypes on their personal smartphones. mindLAMP was used to deliver surveys about mood symptoms while collecting device acceleration, geolocation, and screen on/off state. Participant chronotype was derived from this sensor data. Within-participant and between-participant models were created to assess how time-varying features collected through digital phenotyping could predict weekly anhedonia survey responses.

Results

Within-person models outperformed between-person models in predicting anhedonia. Chronotype was the strongest predictor of weekly anhedonia scores as indicated by Shapley scores. Shapley scores also revealed that many of the time-varying predictor variables are significant but differ in their direction of action.

Discussion

This analysis reveals the meaningful but potentially misleading nature of digital phenotyping signals. Results suggest that each participant has a unique set of relationships between time-varying digital phenotype variables; therefore, it is challenging to predict trends between participants. Bayesian models, with appropriate population priors, may offer the next step for improving the potential of personalized digital phenotyping insights.

背景基于智能手机的数字表型可以提供精神疾病的新型跨诊断标记，包括昼夜节律和失乐症。本文针对抑郁症和躁郁症患者的昼夜节律和失乐症提出了跨诊断数字表型，并探讨了这些数字表型的推导、与天真模型的比较以及在两个不同研究机构/团队中的可复制性。方法84名参与者（躁郁症、抑郁症、对照组）使用mindLAMP应用程序在个人智能手机上采集数字表型，为期12周。根据这些传感器数据得出参与者的时间类型。我们创建了参与者内模型和参与者间模型，以评估通过数字表型收集的时变特征如何预测每周的失乐症调查反应。从 Shapley 分数来看，时间类型是预测每周失乐症得分的最强指标。Shapley 分数还显示，许多时变预测变量都具有显著性，但作用方向不同。结果表明，每个参与者的时变数字表型变量之间都有一套独特的关系；因此，预测参与者之间的趋势具有挑战性。贝叶斯模型加上适当的群体先验，可能会为下一步提高个性化数字表型洞察力的潜力提供帮助。

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引用次数: 0