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Dispersion properties of artifi cial topological insulators based on an infi nite double-periodic array of elliptical quartz elements 基于椭圆石英元件无限双周期阵列的人工拓扑绝缘子色散特性
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.03.011
L. Ivzhenko, S. Polevoy, E. Odarenko, S. Tarapov
Subject and Purpose. Special features of all-dielectric electromagnetic analogues of topological insulators (TI) in the microwave range are considered, aiming at studying the influence of geometrical and constitutive parameters of TI elements on the dispersion properties of topological insulators based on a two-dimensional double-periodic array of dielectric elements. Methods and Methodology. The evaluation of dispersion properties and electromagnetic field spatial distribution patterns for topological insulators is performed using numerical simulation programs. Results. The electromagnetic analogue of a topological insulator based on a double-periodic array of elliptical quartz cylinders has been considered. By numerical simulation, it has been demonstrated that the electromagnetic properties of the structure are controllable by changing the quartz uniaxial anisotropy direction without any changes in other parameters. A combined topological insulator made up of two adjoining ones differing in shapes of their unit cells has been considered with the numerical demonstration that frequencies of surface states are controllable by choosing the quartz uniaxial anisotropy direction. It has been shown that it is at the interface of two different in shape unit cells that the electromagnetic field concentration at a surface state frequency takes place. Conclusion. A possibility has been demonstrated of controlling microwave electromagnetic properties of topological insulators by changing their geometric parameters and permittivity of the constituents. From a practical point of view, topological insulators can be used as components of microwave transmission lines and devices featuring very small propagation loss.
主题和目的。考虑了拓扑绝缘体(TI)全介质电磁类似物在微波范围内的特点,以二维双周期介质阵列为基础,研究了TI元素的几何参数和本构参数对拓扑绝缘体色散特性的影响。方法和方法论。利用数值模拟程序对拓扑绝缘子的色散特性和电磁场空间分布模式进行了评价。结果。研究了基于椭圆石英圆柱双周期阵列的拓扑绝缘子的电磁模拟。通过数值模拟表明,在不改变其他参数的情况下,通过改变石英的单轴各向异性方向可以控制结构的电磁特性。考虑了由两个相邻的不同形状的单晶组成的组合拓扑绝缘子,并通过选择石英的单轴各向异性方向来控制表面态的频率。结果表明,电磁场的表面态集中发生在两个形状不同的晶胞的界面上。结论。通过改变拓扑绝缘体的几何参数和介电常数,证明了控制拓扑绝缘体微波电磁特性的可能性。从实用的角度来看,拓扑绝缘体可以作为微波传输线和器件的元件,具有非常小的传播损耗。
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引用次数: 0
Active media based on polyurethane doped with a binary dye mixture 以聚氨酯为基础的活性介质掺杂二元染料混合物
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.03.024
S. Nikolaiev, V. Pozhar, M. Dzyubenko, K. Nikolaiev
Subject and Purpose. The article is concerned with the spectral-luminescent and lasing characteristics of the radiation from solid-state active media based on polyurethane activated by a binary mixture of dyes. The purpose of these studies is to demonstrate a possibility of the spectral range expansion of the emission from solid-state dye lasers with polyurethane active elements. Methods and Methodology. Specially prepared samples of polyurethane active media having the same donor (Rhodamine 6G) concentration but various acceptor (Sulforhodamine 101) concentrations are experimentally studied for their spectral-luminescent and lasing characteristics. Results. The main spectroscopic characteristics of Rhodamine 6G and Sulforhodamine 101 in polyurethane have been measured, the nonradiative energy transfer parameters in this molecular pair estimated. It has been demonstrated that the matrix emission spectrum can be purposefully transformed by selection of relative concentrations of dyes in the mixture. In a broadband resonator, either a single- or two-band emission with different positions and various intensities of spectral bands is observed depending on the acceptor concentration. In a dispersive resonator under the same conditions, the tuning range of the lasing spectrum expands and extends to the longer wavelengths. Conclusion. The prospects of using donor-acceptor dye mixtures for improving spectral characteristics of polyurethane active elements in solid-state dye lasers have been confirmed. It has been shown that signatures of the emission characteristics of these media are governed by the mechanism of the excitation energy transfer between dye molecules. Lasing has been obtained on polyurethane matrices with the emission wavelength tuning throughout the “green-red” region of the spectrum.
主题和目的。本文研究了二元混合染料活化的固态聚氨酯活性介质辐射的光谱发光和激光特性。这些研究的目的是证明具有聚氨酯活性元素的固态染料激光器发射光谱范围扩展的可能性。方法和方法论。实验研究了具有相同给体(罗丹明6G)浓度和不同受体(硫代丹101)浓度的聚氨酯活性介质样品的光谱发光和激光特性。结果。测定了罗丹明6G和硫代丹101在聚氨酯中的主要光谱特征,估计了这对分子对的非辐射能量传递参数。已经证明,通过选择混合物中染料的相对浓度,可以有目的地改变基质发射光谱。在宽带谐振腔中,根据受体浓度的不同,可以观察到具有不同位置和不同光谱带强度的单波段或双波段发射。在相同条件下的色散谐振腔中,激光光谱的调谐范围扩大并延伸到更长的波长。结论。在固态染料激光器中,使用供体-受体染料混合物改善聚氨酯活性元素光谱特性的前景已经得到证实。研究表明,这些介质的发射特性的特征是由染料分子之间的激发能转移机制决定的。在聚氨酯基体上获得了激光,其发射波长在整个光谱的“绿-红”区域进行调谐。
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引用次数: 0
Radar monitoring of long surface waves in the pacific ocean 太平洋长表面波的雷达监测
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/REJ2021.01.003
S. Velichko, A. Matveev, D. Bychkov, V. Ivanov, V. Tsymbal, O. Gavrilenko
Subject and Purpose. The paper addresses interaction processes going in the ocean–atmosphere system and is concerned with their research by the method of radar remote sensing. Specifically, the matter of concern is the detection and parameter estimation of long waves, including nonlinear ones, on the ocean surface. Methods and Methodology. In August 1988, a series of successive radar surveys of long surface wave manifestations on the Pacific Ocean surface was carried out in the 3 cm wave range by means of an airborne X-band radar system “Analog”. The analysis of the results includes estimation of both spatial and frequency features of the detected long-wave packets and, also, a comparison of the measurement results with model calculations performed in the framework of theory of radio wave scattering by the sea surface in the presence of seismic wave effects. Results. Radar images of wave packets of long surface waves in the open ocean have been obtained. From the imaging data, the spatial scale (5…10 km) of these waves, the lengths (1…5 km) of wave packet components and the wave packet velocity (6.1 m/s) have been derived. Analysis has been given to the nonlinear form of wave packet components, and their amplitudes have been estimated by comparing the experimental and theoretically obtained radio contrasts. The bathymetry of the surface-wave track has been performed to suggest that the observed wave packet represents a set of solitons generated by a seismic impact with the further underwater collapse. Conclusions. A possibility has been demonstrated for monitoring wave packets of long surface waves in their propagation dynamics. The experiments of the sort for gaining a deeper insight into the ocean–atmosphere interaction physics can be conducted by means of not only airborne but also spaceborne radar systems with allowance made for the rate of surveys in both time and space.
主题和目的。本文论述了海洋-大气系统中发生的相互作用过程,并用雷达遥感方法对其进行了研究。具体来说,研究的是海洋表面长波(包括非线性长波)的探测和参数估计问题。方法和方法论。1988年8月,利用机载x波段雷达系统“模拟”,对太平洋表面3厘米波段的长表面波现象进行了一系列连续的雷达测量。分析结果包括估计探测到的长波包的空间和频率特征,并将测量结果与地震波作用下海面无线电波散射理论框架下的模型计算结果进行比较。结果。获得了公海长表面波波包的雷达图像。根据成像数据,导出了这些波的空间尺度(5 ~ 10 km)、波包分量长度(1 ~ 5 km)和波包速度(6.1 m/s)。对波包分量的非线性形式进行了分析,并通过对比实验和理论得到的射电对比估计了它们的振幅。表面波轨迹的测深表明,观测到的波包代表了一组由地震冲击和进一步的水下崩塌产生的孤子。结论。证明了监测长表面波传播动力学中的波包的可能性。为了更深入地了解海洋-大气相互作用物理学,不仅可以利用机载雷达系统,而且还可以利用星载雷达系统进行这类实验,但要考虑到在时间和空间上的调查频率。
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引用次数: 1
Optimal nonlinear fi ltering of stochastic processes in rescue radar 救援雷达随机过程的最优非线性滤波
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.03.018
O. Sytnik
Subject and Purpose. Smoke, fog, avalanches, debris of collapsed structures and other optically opaque obstacles in both natural and man-made disasters make optical sensors useless for detecting victims. Electromagnetic waves of the decimeter range penetrate well almost all obstacles, reflect from the trapped people and return to the radar receiver. Due to the breathing and heartbeat, the human-reflected sounding signals get the Doppler phase modulation, which is an information signal. These information signals and their properties provide the subject matter for the present research with the aim to create optimal methods and algorithms of random event processing for the prompt location of survivors by rescuers. Method and Methodology. The method of stochastic analysis of the fluctuation Doppler spectra of reflected sounding signals shows that the information signals have properties of conditional Markov processes. Results. The problem of optimal nonlinear filtering of conditional Markov processes entering the radar signal processing unit has been examined closely. An optimal adaptive filter has been proposed to reduce the masking effect of interferences caused by non-stationary noises and sounding signal reflections from stationary objects. The optimality criterion is the minimum mean square error function whose current value is evaluated in real time during the filtering process as the statistics is accumulated. The filter coefficients are calculated by the recurrent, steepest descent algorithm. The real-time work is carried out through the use of fast Fourier transform algorithms. Conclusion. The structure of the optimal adaptive filter to be built into the radar signal processing unit has been developed. Real radar signals have shown that the optimal filtering during the signal processing in systems designed for detecting live people by their breathing and heartbeat facilitates the interpretation of the observed signals. Some spectra of real signals generated by human breathing and heartbeat are presented.
主题和目的。在自然和人为灾害中,烟雾、雾、雪崩、倒塌的建筑物碎片和其他不透明的障碍物使光学传感器无法探测受害者。分米范围的电磁波能很好地穿透几乎所有的障碍物,从被困人员身上反射回来并返回雷达接收机。由于人的呼吸和心跳,人反射的探空信号受到多普勒相位调制,是一种信息信号。这些信息信号及其性质为本研究提供了主题,旨在为救援人员及时定位幸存者创建随机事件处理的最佳方法和算法。方法和方法论。对反射探空信号波动多普勒谱的随机分析方法表明,信息信号具有条件马尔可夫过程的性质。结果。研究了进入雷达信号处理单元的条件马尔可夫过程的最优非线性滤波问题。提出了一种最优自适应滤波器,以降低非平稳噪声和静止物体测深信号反射干扰的掩蔽效应。最优准则是在滤波过程中,随着统计量的累积,实时求出最小均方误差函数的当前值。滤波器系数由递归最陡下降算法计算。通过使用快速傅立叶变换算法进行实时工作。结论。研究了雷达信号处理单元中最优自适应滤波器的结构。实际雷达信号表明,在设计用于通过呼吸和心跳检测活人的系统中,信号处理过程中的最佳滤波有助于对观察到的信号进行解释。给出了人体呼吸和心跳产生的真实信号的一些谱图。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of gps signal amplitude fluctuations depending on meteorological factors when passing through a turbulent atmosphere at low elevation angles over the land gps信号在低海拔角穿过湍流大气时随气象因素的振幅波动研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/REJ2021.01.020
Усикова Нан України
Subject and Purpose. The paper investigates tropospherically caused fluctuations of signals from the GPS navigation system while the satellite is beyond the radio horizon. The intensity of GPS signal fluctuations under the influence of meteorological factors is studied, too. The purpose of the work is to determine relationship between the intensity of GPS signal fluctuations and the meteorological conditions when satellite elevation angles are small. Methods and Methodology. The methodology of the work is based on the search for the intensity of amplitude fluctuations of GPS satellite’s signals depending on the meteorological situation. The measurement approach is registration of the GPS satellite’s signal level just before the satellite crosses the horizon. The data processing after a series of experimental studies is based on the extraction of tropospheric fluctuations from the complete GPS signal by the moving average method. Results. Experimental studies of the turbulent component of signals from GPS satellites at low elevation angles have been carried out. It has been revealed that a conventional elevation boundary below which the tropospheric influence is predominant can be established due to the synchronism property which the orbits of the GPS satellites hold. It has been shown that variations in the mean square deviation (MSD) of GPS signal fluctuations caused by the troposphere and extracted from the complete signal are consistent with meteorological parameter changes. Conclusion. Analysis has been carried out to show that a meteorological dependence of the MSD statistics of GPS signal tropospheric fluctuations exists. The intensity of fluctuations rises with the convective activity in the troposphere. The conducted experiments suggest that periods of increased turbulence in the atmosphere can be detected with the use of GPS signals. For this purpose, the optical methods will not do.
主题和目的。本文研究了GPS导航系统在卫星处于无线电视界以外时,对流层引起的信号波动。研究了气象因素对GPS信号波动强度的影响。工作的目的是确定卫星仰角较小时GPS信号波动强度与气象条件之间的关系。方法和方法论。这项工作的方法是根据气象情况寻找GPS卫星信号振幅波动的强度。测量方法是在卫星穿过地平线之前对GPS卫星的信号电平进行配准。经过一系列实验研究后的数据处理是基于移动平均法从完整的GPS信号中提取对流层波动。结果。本文对GPS卫星低仰角信号的湍流分量进行了实验研究。研究表明,由于GPS卫星轨道的同步性,可以建立一个对流层影响占主导地位的常规高度边界。结果表明,对流层引起的GPS信号波动和从完整信号中提取的GPS信号均方差(MSD)变化与气象参数的变化是一致的。结论。已进行的分析表明,GPS信号对流层波动的MSD统计存在气象依赖性。波动强度随对流层对流活动的增加而增加。所进行的实验表明,使用GPS信号可以探测到大气中湍流增加的时期。为此目的,光学方法是不行的。
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引用次数: 0
Microwave dielectrometer application to antibiotic concentration control in water solution 微波介电计在水中抗生素浓度控制中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.03.030
Z. Eremenko, V. Pashynska, K. Kuznetsova, O. Shubnyi, N. Sklyar, A. Martynov
Subject and Purpose. This study focuses on the original waveguide-differential dielectrometer designed for complex permittivity measurements of high-loss liquids in the microwave range towards the determination of pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations in water solutions at room temperature. The suitability of the device and effectiveness of the dielectrometry method are tested on such pharmaceutical ingredients as lincomycin and levofloxacin over a wide range of concentrations. Methods and Methodology. The main idea of the method consists in that the complex propagation coefficients of the HE11 wave are obtained from the amplitude and phase shift differences acquired by the wave after it has passed through the two measuring cells of the waveguide-differential dielectrometer. Results. We have shown that the proposed dielectometry method allows a real-time determination of pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations in water solution by measuring the wave attenuation and phase shift differences. We have found that unless concentrations of pharmaceutical ingredients are low, few free water molecules in water solution are bound to the pharmaceutical ingredients. The number of free water molecules in solution decreases as the concentration of pharmaceutical ingredients rises. Conclusion. The current study confirms that the dielectometry method and the device developed provide effective determination of pharmaceutical ingredient concentrations in water solutions.
主题和目的。本研究的重点是设计用于在微波范围内测量高损耗液体的复杂介电常数的原始波导差分介电计,以确定室温下水溶液中药物成分的浓度。在广泛的浓度范围内,对诸如林可霉素和左氧氟沙星等药物成分测试了该装置的适用性和电介质测量方法的有效性。方法和方法论。该方法的主要思想是由HE11波通过波导差分介电计的两个测量单元后的幅值和相移差得到HE11波的复传播系数。结果。我们已经证明,所提出的电介质计方法可以通过测量波衰减和相移差来实时测定水溶液中的药物成分浓度。我们发现,除非药物成分的浓度很低,否则水溶液中很少有游离水分子与药物成分结合。随着药物成分浓度的升高,溶液中游离水分子的数量减少。结论。本研究证实,电介质法和所研制的装置可有效地测定水溶液中药物成分的浓度。
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引用次数: 3
Dielectrometry of hydration of fl avin mononucleotide and DNA 黄嘌呤单核苷酸与DNA水合作用的介电测定
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.03.046
V. Kashpur, O. Khorunzhaya, D. Pesina
Subject and Purpose. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of action of biomolecules is necessary for the development of state-of-the-art means of diagnosing and treatment. Dielectric studies in the millimeter wave range are effective for puzzling out the nature of the interaction of biomolecules with a surrounding aqueous solvent. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which can kill microorganisms and destroy cancer cells, is of particular interest. The aim of the work is to recognize hydration effects (changes in the state of water molecules) in FMN solutions. Methods and Methodology. The complex dielectric permittivity (CDP) is measured in the EHF range. Knowing the difference between the CDP of FMN solution and the CDP of water we find the difference, D es , between the effective dielectric permittivities in terms of the Debye theory of polar liquids. Since the relaxation time of dipoles of bound water is one or two orders of magnitude longer than that of free water, the amount of the difference D es characterizes the hydration of biomolecules. At low concentrations, this difference is proportional to the number of bound water molecules. Results. It has been shown that approximately18 water molecules are bound to the FMN molecule. Groups of atoms as the most probable hydration centers (primarily due to the hydrogen bonds) have been indicated. As the pH decreases, the number of water molecules bound to the Flavin mononucleotide increases to 21. The study of the FMN–DNA solution has shown that one nucleotide accounts for 25–26 bound water molecules in total. However, composing hydration numbers assumes a quantity of components less than 20. An assumption is made that the additional components are due to the cooperative nature of the hydration, leading to the fact that even if some solvent molecules do not come into a direct contact with hydration centers, they are under the influence of biomolecules all the same. Conclusion. Extremely-high-frequency dielectrometry is an effective method of research into the interaction of biomolecules with a water-ionic solvent. A FMN hydration model has been proposed, which indicates probable hydration centers and tells a measure of their effect on the solvent. It has been found that the FMN with DNA interaction increases the number of bound water molecules per one nucleotide of the DNA. The obtained results have been compared to the existing models of the DNA with FMN interaction.
主题和目的。阐明生物分子作用的分子机制对于发展最先进的诊断和治疗手段是必要的。毫米波范围内的介电介质研究对于弄清生物分子与周围水溶液相互作用的性质是有效的。黄素单核苷酸(FMN),可以杀死微生物和破坏癌细胞,是特别感兴趣的。这项工作的目的是识别水合作用(水分子状态的变化)在FMN溶液中。方法和方法论。在EHF范围内测量复介电常数(CDP)。了解了FMN溶液的CDP和水的CDP之间的差异,我们发现,根据极性液体的德拜理论,有效介电常数之间的差异,des。由于束缚水的偶极子弛豫时间比自由水的偶极子弛豫时间长一到两个数量级,因此差值的大小表征了生物分子的水合作用。在低浓度下,这种差异与结合水分子的数量成正比。结果。研究表明,大约有18个水分子与FMN分子结合。原子群作为最可能的水化中心(主要是由于氢键)已被指出。随着pH值的降低,与黄素单核苷酸结合的水分子数量增加到21个。对FMN-DNA溶液的研究表明,一个核苷酸总共占25-26个结合水分子。然而,组合水化数假设组分的数量小于20。假设额外的成分是由于水化的合作性质,导致即使一些溶剂分子不与水化中心直接接触,它们也会受到生物分子的影响。结论。超高频电介质测量是研究生物分子与水离子溶剂相互作用的有效方法。提出了一个FMN水化模型,该模型指出了可能的水化中心,并说明了它们对溶剂的影响。已经发现,与DNA相互作用的FMN增加了DNA的每一个核苷酸的结合水分子的数量。所得结果已与现有的DNA与FMN相互作用模型进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Additional radar signature for waterborne object recognition 附加雷达信号用于水上目标识别
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.04.016
V. Gorobets, M. Golovko, S. Zotov, L. Kovorotny
Subject and Purpose. The article is devoted to the radio recognition of moving waterborne objects (sea-going ships). The problem lies in the lack of radar signatures, which is especially true for coherent radar in continuous mode, implying that more signatures for the waterborne object recognition is highly needed. An additional signature can be gained just by means of a simple mathematical processing of target reflection signals. This is particularly important for radio recognition systems in current use because this will hardly complicate the system structure. Hence, it will not affect its cost either. Methods and Methodology. The method developed for the retrieval of an additional radar signature characteristic of waterborne objects moving across a rough sea surface is based on a simple mathematical processing of a signal reflected from the moving waterborne object and taken from the phase output of coherent radar. The method approbation is by the mathematical modeling of signals at the phase detector output in the event of three waterborne objects such that have identical scattering cross sections but different periods of the side and keel vibrations. Results. Based on the mathematical modeling results, it has been shown that each of the local scattering centers keeps the ratio of the linear speeds of side and keel vibrations approximately the same for the same object. But the employed ratio takes different values for different objects. Conclusion. Having a single standard coherent radar in continuous mode and guided by the developed methodology, one can gain an additional signature for the target recognition, which is a ratio of the linear speeds of side and keel vibrations of the target. The suggested methodology can be used for the radio recognition of waterborne objects moving across a rough sea surface.
主题和目的。这篇文章致力于水上运动物体(海船)的无线电识别。问题在于雷达特征的缺乏,特别是连续模式下的相干雷达,这意味着需要更多的特征来识别水面目标。通过对目标反射信号进行简单的数学处理,可以获得一个附加信号。这对于当前使用的无线电识别系统尤其重要,因为这几乎不会使系统结构复杂化。因此,它也不会影响其成本。方法和方法论。用于检索在粗糙海面上移动的水运物体的附加雷达特征特征的方法是基于对从移动的水运物体反射的信号进行简单的数学处理,并从相干雷达的相位输出中提取。该方法是通过对三个水运物体的相位检测器输出信号的数学建模来验证的,这三个水运物体具有相同的散射截面,但侧面和龙骨振动的周期不同。结果。基于数学建模的结果表明,对于同一物体,每个局部散射中心使边振和龙骨振线速度之比大致相同。但是对于不同的对象,所使用的比率有不同的值。结论。在连续模式下使用单一标准相干雷达,并在开发的方法指导下,可以获得目标识别的附加特征,这是目标侧振和龙骨振动线速度的比率。所建议的方法可用于无线电识别水上物体在波涛汹涌的海面上移动。
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引用次数: 0
Electromagnetic and acoustic technologies in antibacterial preparation development 电磁与声学技术在抗菌制剂中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.04.040
O. Kovalenko, S. Kalinichenko, E. Babich, F. Kivva, O. Roenko, T. Antusheva
Subject and Purpose. The present paper is concerned with the use of wave technologies in the development of antibiotics-alternative approaches for pathogenic microflora suppression. Lactobacilli strains picked in different ecological niches and their activity against pathogenic strains are studied with a focus on a targeted modification of adhesive and antagonistic properties of lactobacilli by exposing them to low-intensity electromagnetic (EM) fields and the ultrasound. Methods and Methodology. Lactobacilli picked in different ecological niches are experimentally studied, including (1) standard strains from probiotic preparations and (2) circulating strains picked in humans and bees. For the ultrasonic and electromagnetic radiation sources, G3-109 and G3-F and G4-141 and G4-142 generators are taken, respectively. The adhesive properties of Lactobacillus spp. strains and their antagonistic activity are estimated against C. diphtheriae, S. aureus and yeast-like fungi of Candida genus in aerobic and microaerophilic culture conditions. Statistical technology is employed in the data processing and analysis. Results. It has been established that L. plantarum strains picked in the gut of healthy bees are most antagonistic towards pathogens. It has been demonstrated that the priority culture conditions for lactobacilli are microaerophilic conditions simulating their stay in vivo. It has been shown that it is possible to modify properties of microorganisms by their exposure to ultrasound and low-intensity electromagnetic fields in narrow bands of the EHF range. The effect efficiency versus frequency has a dispersion character. Individual features of various pathogenic strains have been recognized. Conclusion. The obtained results open up prospects for electromagnetic and acoustic technologies in the development of safe alternative means to antagonize persisting pathogens and increase human body resilience.
主题和目的。本文关注的是利用波浪技术开发抗生素替代方法来抑制病原微生物群。研究了不同生态位的乳酸菌菌株及其对病原菌的活性,重点研究了低强度电磁场和超声对乳酸菌粘附和拮抗特性的靶向修饰。方法和方法论。实验研究了在不同生态位中挑选的乳酸菌,包括(1)益生菌制剂中的标准菌株和(2)在人类和蜜蜂中挑选的循环菌株。超声波辐射源和电磁辐射源分别取G3-109和G3-F发生器,取G4-141和G4-142发生器。研究了乳酸菌菌株在好氧和嗜微氧培养条件下对白喉双歧杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和念珠菌属酵母样真菌的粘附性能和拮抗活性。在数据处理和分析中采用了统计技术。结果。已经确定,在健康蜜蜂肠道中采摘的植物乳杆菌菌株对病原体最具拮抗作用。研究表明,乳酸杆菌的优先培养条件是模拟其在体内停留的微嗜气条件。研究表明,在EHF范围的狭窄波段内,微生物暴露于超声波和低强度电磁场中,可以改变其特性。效应效率随频率的变化具有色散特性。各种致病菌株的个体特征已得到确认。结论。所获得的结果为电磁和声学技术在开发对抗持续存在的病原体和增加人体恢复力的安全替代手段方面开辟了前景。
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引用次数: 0
Сonsideration of the signal attenuation in double-frequency sensing for rain intensity retrieval 在雨强检索的双频传感信号衰减Сonsideration
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.15407/rej2021.03.003
A. Linkova
Subject and Purpose. Precipitation is the main source of agricultural land moisture. The knowledge of its amount, especially during the growing season, is important information to justify necessary agronomic and land reclamation measures. The purpose of this work is to solve by regularization the inverse problem of double-frequency sensing of precipitation in the microwave range with the signal attenuation considered and analyze the influence of radar cross-section (RCS) calculation errors and the total signal attenuation measuring precision on the rain intensity retrieval results. Methods and Methodology. Numerical simulation is used in double frequency retrievals to solve the integral scattering equation by regularization methods. Results. Numerical simulation has been performed for the rain intensity retrieval with a uniform spatial profile of rain intensity in the range 1…20 mm/h. Direct and inverse iterative procedures were used for having the signal attenuation at 0.82 and 3.2 cm operating wavelengths. It has been shown that the direct iterative procedure is less effective than the inverse one. Thus, when the rain intensity exceeds 20 mm/h or when it is within 10…20 mm/h and a rain spatial extent goes over 500 m, the direct iteration scheme causes significant errors in the rain intensity retrieval. Conclusion. The analysis of the results has shown that the use of the inverse iterative procedure makes it possible to retrieve a uniform-profile rain intensity with a 25 % error for rains with a 20 mm/h intensity and a 4 km spatial extent and ± 20 % errors in the total signal attenuation and specific RCS calculated.
主题和目的。降水是农业用地水分的主要来源。了解其数量,特别是在生长季节,是证明必要的农艺和土地复垦措施合理性的重要资料。本文的目的是通过正则化方法解决微波范围内考虑信号衰减的双频降水反演问题,并分析雷达截面(RCS)计算误差和总信号衰减测量精度对雨强反演结果的影响。方法和方法论。在双频反演中采用数值模拟方法,用正则化方法求解积分散射方程。结果。在1 ~ 20 mm/h的均匀雨强空间剖面下,对雨强反演进行了数值模拟。在0.82 cm和3.2 cm工作波长处,采用直接迭代法和逆迭代法计算信号衰减。结果表明,直接迭代法比逆迭代法的效率要低。因此,当降雨强度超过20 mm/h或在10 ~ 20 mm/h范围内,降雨空间范围超过500 m时,直接迭代方案对雨强的反演误差较大。结论。结果分析表明,对于强度为20 mm/h、空间范围为4 km的降雨,使用逆迭代方法可以获得均匀分布的雨强,误差为25%,计算的总信号衰减和比RCS误差为±20%。
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引用次数: 1
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Radiofizika i elektronika
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