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Interaction Between Social Business Sustainability and Consumer PurchaseDecision: Conceptual Framework 社会企业可持续性与消费者购买决策的交互作用:概念框架
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.15388/batp.2021.35
Aurelija Ulbinaitė, Neringa Raštutytė
Due to the lack of research in social business sustainability development, it is necessary to investigate this problem, seeking community wellbeing. The goal of this paper is to elucidate the importance of sustainability development in relation to its different dimensions and the relationship between consumer perception and sustainability development. A systematic scientific literature analysis was performed. The results show that although sustainability is one of the main aspirations of companies, it is still difficult to achieve for effective transformation. The framework also reflects that sustainability is a particular change that has to be implemented over time, involving not only the business itself but also the surrounding environment (other systems). Furthermore, to achieve sustainable development it is essential to define which sustainability indicators will be selected, how they will be measured, and how the results will be tracked. A sustainable social business model must not be considered in isolation from its surrounding environment. Moreover, it is relevant to identify the public opinion, i.e., potential consumers, regarding effective sustainability development in order to get a more efficient result.
由于对社会企业可持续发展的研究不足,有必要对这一问题进行研究,寻求社区福祉。本文的目的是阐明可持续发展的重要性在其不同的维度和消费者的看法和可持续发展之间的关系。进行了系统的科学文献分析。结果表明,虽然可持续发展是企业的主要愿望之一,但有效的转型仍然难以实现。该框架还反映了可持续性是一种特殊的变化,必须随着时间的推移而实施,不仅涉及业务本身,还涉及周围环境(其他系统)。此外,为了实现可持续发展,必须确定将选择哪些可持续性指标,如何衡量这些指标,以及如何跟踪结果。考虑可持续的社会商业模式时,不应脱离其周围环境。此外,识别公众舆论,即潜在消费者,对有效的可持续发展,以获得更有效的结果是相关的。
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引用次数: 0
Verification of regulatory activity reports in the heating sector: process and outcomes 供热部门监管活动报告的验证:过程和结果
Pub Date : 2021-07-27 DOI: 10.15388/batp.2021.34
Deimantė Morkūnaitė, D. Raziūnienė
The reports of the heating sector are one of the most important sources of heating data, accurate and reasonable pricing and is an essential objective of public interest. The verification of the reports on regulated activities is particularly important to regulate interpretation of the principles of companies’ operating cost and accounting separation systems. The purpose of the article is to identify the main elements of the regulatory activities report whereas have to be improved and needs more attention of auditors and regulators. There were examined 52 reports of Lithuanian heating sector companies using document (content) analysis approach. Misstatements were analysed using specific evaluation criteria to identify areas for improvement. The development of an appropriate methodology and the efficient functioning of the process should help to avoid errors or inaccuracies in determining, fair recognition, disclosure and valuation of fixed assets as an essential factor of heating prices.
供暖部门的报告是供暖数据的最重要来源之一,定价准确合理,也是公众利益的重要目标。对受监管活动报告的核查对于规范对公司运营成本和会计分离制度原则的解释尤为重要。这篇文章的目的是确定监管活动报告的主要内容,而这些内容需要改进,需要审计师和监管机构给予更多关注。采用文件(内容)分析方法审查了52份立陶宛供暖行业公司的报告。使用具体的评估标准对错误陈述进行分析,以确定需要改进的领域。制定适当的方法和有效运作这一过程应有助于避免在确定、公平承认、披露和估价固定资产作为供暖价格的一个重要因素时出现错误或不准确。
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引用次数: 0
Measures Taken by Governments to Mitigate the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Indirect Financial Support to Business 政府为减轻COVID-19大流行影响所采取的措施:对企业的间接财政支持
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2021.30
Rasa Kanapickienė, G. Keliuotytė-Staniulėnienė, D. Teresienė, Daiva Budrienė, Mantas Valukonis
The COVID-19 pandemic crisis differs in nature from the previous financial crisis and therefore different solutions must be taken. In this context, governments are seeking to help businesses deal with the effects of the pandemic, which have had the greatest impact on corporate liquidity. The analysis of government support measures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that EU governments use not only direct but also indirect financial support to business. However, the latter is not sufficiently analysed in scientific works. The aim of the study is to analyse the measures of indirect financial support for business applied by EU governments and to provide the classification of the measures described. In order to achieve the aim, the following methods of scientific research were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, and analogy of scientific literature, normative documents, reports and reviews of international organisations, and support measures applied in governments’ practice. The study developed an original structure of government indirect financial support measures for business, comprising three components of government support measures: (1) minimisation of legal norms related to corporate finance; (2) indirect financial assistance related to labour law; (3) strengthening the legal framework for corporate finance. The measures analysed are described in more detail by distinguishing them into separate groups. The structure developed is based on concrete examples of application in EU countries and could contribute to a more targeted approach to business support in the future.
新冠肺炎大流行危机与以往的金融危机具有本质上的不同,因此必须采取不同的解决方案。在此背景下,各国政府正寻求帮助企业应对疫情的影响,疫情对企业流动性的影响最大。对新冠肺炎疫情背景下政府支持措施的分析表明,欧盟各国政府不仅对企业提供直接财政支持,而且对企业提供间接财政支持。然而,后者在科学著作中没有得到充分的分析。本研究的目的是分析欧盟各国政府为企业提供间接财政支持的措施,并对所描述的措施进行分类。为了达到这一目的,我们采用了以下科学研究方法:对科学文献、规范性文件、国际组织的报告和评论进行分析、综合、归纳、演绎、抽象和类比,以及在政府实践中应用的支持措施。该研究提出了政府对企业间接融资支持措施的原始结构,包括政府支持措施的三个组成部分:(1)尽量减少与企业融资相关的法律规范;(二)与劳动法有关的间接财政援助;(3)强化企业融资的法律框架。通过将所分析的措施分为不同的组,对其进行了更详细的描述。所开发的结构是基于在欧盟国家应用的具体例子,可能有助于在未来对业务支持采取更有针对性的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the Awareness and Application of Strategic Management Accounting Instruments in Lithuanian Companies 立陶宛公司对战略管理会计工具的认识及应用研究
Pub Date : 2021-03-08 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2020.29
Kamilė Medeckytė, D. Tamulevičienė
In recent decades, as the newly created internal and external environment conditions have radically changed the environment of business, the process of creating and implementing business strategy became more relevant. The data, generated by strategic management accounting, makes this process more efficient. The article examines the concept of the strategic management, its importance and related instruments. The article provides results of the research carried out to determine the level of awareness and application of strategic management accounting instruments in Lithuanian companies. Empirical research has shown that the level of awareness and application of the strategic management accounting instruments in Lithuanian companies is minor. The most common strategic management accounting instruments are as follows: customer profitability analysis, benchmarking, competitive position monitoring, strategic pricing, and strategic costing. The least known and, according to the research, the least applicable strategic management accounting instruments are: attribute costing, product life cycle accounting and brand value budgeting. According to the study, the most significant reason for the difficulties in implementing strategic management accounting instruments is the lack of time required to implement the instruments.
近几十年来,由于新创造的内部和外部环境条件从根本上改变了企业的环境,企业战略的制定和实施过程变得更加重要。战略管理会计产生的数据使这一过程更加高效。本文考察了战略管理的概念、重要性和相关工具。本文提供了研究结果,以确定立陶宛公司对战略管理会计工具的认识和应用水平。实证研究表明,立陶宛公司对战略管理会计工具的认识和应用水平较低。最常见的战略管理会计工具如下:客户盈利能力分析、基准、竞争地位监测、战略定价和战略成本。根据研究,最不为人所知和最不适用的战略管理会计工具是:属性成本核算、产品生命周期会计和品牌价值预算。根据研究,战略管理会计工具实施困难的最重要原因是实施工具所需的时间不足。
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引用次数: 1
Audit of Financial Reporting Documents: Analysis of Process of Determining Materiality 财务报告文件审计:重要性确定过程分析
Pub Date : 2019-10-09 DOI: 10.15388/batp.2019.9
Gerda Jurkonienė, Justina Stašaitytė
During audit of the financial statements of companies, the auditors use a certain level of materiality to determine both the scope of the procedures and the impact of errors on the representation of the true and fair view of the financial statements. International auditing standards leave wide range of possibilities for interpretation of the materiality process, which often raises the question of how the auditor determines materiality. The purpose of the study is to analyze the materiality process and to create a model of the materiality determination process. Methods of information gathering, comparative analysis, critical evaluation, systematization and interpretation of scientific literature and normative acts of audit are used in this article. After analyzing the materiality determination process, it was found that the materiality process consists of four steps: assessment of determining factors of materiality thresholds, determination of planning materiality, determination of performance materiality and determination of clearly trivial misstatement. Based on the analyzed literature, a model of materiality determination process was developed.
在对公司财务报表进行审计期间,审计师使用一定程度的重要性来确定程序的范围以及错误对财务报表真实公允反映的影响。国际审计准则为解释实质性过程留下了广泛的可能性,这经常引发审计师如何确定实质性的问题。本研究的目的是分析实质性过程,并创建一个实质性确定过程的模型。本文采用了信息收集、比较分析、批判性评价、系统化和解释科学文献和审计规范行为的方法。在分析重要性确定过程后发现,重要性过程由四个步骤组成:评估重要性阈值的确定因素、确定规划重要性、确定绩效重要性和确定明显微不足道的错报。在分析文献的基础上,建立了物质性确定过程模型。
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引用次数: 1
Research on entrepreneur identification 企业家身份识别研究
Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2014.NO16.8
L. Giriūnas, Gintarė Giriūnienė
Recently entrepreneurship, promotion of it, development of support programmes for the creation and development of entrepreneurial entities is becoming a very common subject of not only scientific research. Thus, not every self-employed person or company, in its run or planned activities, can adopt or implement and develop entrepreneurship. So, not every business entity can distinguish for its entrepreneurship, therefore, one of the issues addressed in scientific literature is precisely identification of an entrepreneurial entity. Some researchers point out that an entrepreneurial entity is characterized by development, implementation, and enhancement of innovations, while others oppose to such a statement emphasizing that most attention should be given not to implementation of innovations, but to the preference for an aggressive market strategy. So, the article analyses the concept of an entrepreneurial entity and its features, and the main goal of the research is becoming an entrepreneurial entity identification. Analysis of the scientific literature suggests that not all entities can be called or considered entrepreneurial ones. Not all businesses, that employ the services of incubators, business information centres, technology parks, science parks, innovation centres, or other similar organizations, become entrepreneurial, so there can be no equality. Therefore, in order to consider an entity as entrepreneurial, it must not only be proactive, enterprising, venturous, open to novelty and innovation, tending to work together with academic institutions for marketing new, innovative goods and services, have sufficient skills in business management and development, exercise a decision-making influenced management structure, but also to seek a sustainable and long-term revenue rather than short-term and high-yield, treat business processes and their management as a priority, make an active use of state support for businesses, intensively pursue tax policies, and patronize a socially responsible approach to business. It should be emphasized that an entity with all the listed features that can be named as entrepreneurial, yet, we should not forget that it must try to stay the same, i.e., must be constantly evolving and heterogeneous.
最近,创业、促进信息技术、制定支持方案以创建和发展创业实体,不仅成为科学研究的一个非常普遍的主题。因此,并非每个个体经营者或公司在其经营或计划的活动中都能采用、实施和发展创业精神。因此,并不是每个商业实体都能区分其创业精神,因此,科学文献中讨论的问题之一就是准确识别创业实体。一些研究人员指出,创业实体的特点是发展、实施和加强创新,而另一些研究人员则反对这样一种说法,即最应该关注的不是创新的实施,而是积极的市场战略。因此,本文分析了创业实体的概念及其特征,研究的主要目标是成为创业实体识别。对科学文献的分析表明,并非所有实体都可以被称为或被视为创业实体。并非所有使用孵化器、商业信息中心、科技园、科技园和创新中心或其他类似组织服务的企业都成为企业家,因此不可能存在平等。因此,为了将一个实体视为企业家,它不仅必须积极主动、有进取心、敢于冒险、乐于创新,倾向于与学术机构合作营销新的、创新的商品和服务,具有足够的商业管理和发展技能,行使受决策影响的管理结构,但也要寻求可持续和长期的收入,而不是短期和高收益的收入,将商业流程及其管理作为优先事项,积极利用国家对企业的支持,大力推行税收政策,并支持对社会负责的商业方式。应该强调的是,一个具有所有列出特征的实体可以被命名为创业型,但我们不应该忘记,它必须努力保持不变,即必须不断发展和多样化。
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引用次数: 0
Independent audit as a strategic tool to reduce the information asymmetry on the market 独立审计作为减少市场信息不对称的战略工具
Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2014.NO16.1
Aurelija Kustienė
This paper analyses the problems of information asymmetry in the market. The research problem: how to minimize the limitations of the influence of user information, and the quality of market participants who use financial statements provide information, awareness. The aim of the research is to reveal the independent audit role in reducing information asymmetry in the market. This objective was achieved by analysing the theories of economic: information asymmetry, signalling and agency theories. Based on the analysis of economic theories and using a logical method of analysis it was concluded that the information asymmetry in the market can be reduced by a strategic tool for the independent audit.
本文分析了市场中存在的信息不对称问题。研究的问题是:如何最大限度地减少用户信息影响的局限性,以及市场参与者使用财务报表所提供的信息的质量、意识。研究的目的是揭示独立审计在减少市场信息不对称方面的作用。这一目标是通过分析经济学理论:信息不对称、信号和代理理论来实现的。在经济学理论分析的基础上,运用逻辑分析的方法,得出独立审计的战略工具可以减少市场信息不对称的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Prof. Vladas Jurgutis on banks: his insights and their development in works Lithuanian author‘s Vladas Jurgutis教授论银行:他的见解及其在立陶宛作家作品中的发展
Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2014.NO16.12
J. Mackevičius, Vilius Savickas
The article analyses prof. V. Jurgutis‘ thoughts, attitudes, ideas and suggestions towards the importance of banks, their management, competition among them, etc. The article presents the development of V. Jurgutis’ insights into bank performance in works of Lithuanian authors. The study reveals that V. Jurgutis’ insights into banks’ performance is inestimable for Lithuanian banking science and practice professionals. Especially valuable are his thoughts and ideas towards the organization and rationalization of banks, their employee structure and relations, the competition and the expansion of banks. Statements formulated in prof. V. Jurgutis work "Banks" have encouraging influences on the growth of the effectiveness of bank performance, and are relevant to both the regulation of bank performance in Lithuania and the transition to Euro. Therefore, with the consideration of today's realities, it is necessary to further analyse V. Jurgutis‘ scientific heritage and implement his ideas into practice.
本文分析了Jurgutis教授对银行的重要性、银行的管理、银行之间的竞争等方面的思想、态度、观点和建议。本文介绍了V. Jurgutis在立陶宛作家的作品中对银行业绩的见解的发展。研究表明,V. Jurgutis对银行绩效的见解对立陶宛银行业科学和实践专业人士来说是不可估量的。他对银行的组织和合理化、银行的员工结构和关系、银行的竞争和扩张等方面的思想和观点尤其有价值。Jurgutis教授在其著作《银行》中所作的陈述对提高银行绩效的有效性产生了令人鼓舞的影响,并与立陶宛的银行绩效监管和向欧元过渡有关。因此,考虑到今天的现实,有必要进一步分析Jurgutis的科学遗产,并将其思想付诸实践。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the accounting speciality collage graduates’ employment opportunities at the labour market in the context of the workforce supply and demand 分析了劳动力市场背景下会计专业高校毕业生的就业机会
Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2014.NO16.15
Audronė Bagdonienė, Fausta Smolenskienė
The problems which young people face with in order to get employed and survive, to compete successfully in the labour market has always been relevant to the society. It is obvious that after the completion of the training institutions the graduates can hope to get employed if their specialty is in high demand in the labour market. Permanent labour market demand and supply indicators are monitored and analysis allows to foresee the changes of the tendencies and trends to find out which specialty is needed most and have the most job opportunities in the world of work. Therefore, the research problem is revealed by the following questions: What are the opportunities to get employed having accounting profession? Are the people, gained such education, in demand in the labour market? The aim of the investigation – to evaluate the accounting specialty graduates’ employment opportunities in the labour market. Youth situation in the labour market is not favourable, and still significant positive changes still are not visible, because in recent years in recent years there at the labour centre applied approximately 70 thousand young people under 25 and about 20 thousand graduates. However, an analysis of the need for accounting professionals and graduates who have acquired the specialty of integration into the labour market statistics show that the demand for these professionals is not decreasing. As pointed out by some labour market analysts, this is one of the most stable professions and such individuals have significant employment opportunities in this field. This is also confirmed by the results of analysis: every year, employers offer about 2-3 thousand jobs for accountants and book-keepers; there are favourable employment opportunities in all regions of the country, as more and more businessmen are choosing financial services companies receive all levels of accounting services; every year graduates, who have acquired the specialty, number is decreasing, so the competition is to prepare professionals in the labour market is weakening; vacancy rate remains stable (on average by 0.6 per cent.), excess supply in the market for these professionals is not high, i.e. 2 persons apply for 1 vacancy.
年轻人为了就业和生存,在劳动力市场上成功竞争而面临的问题一直与社会有关。很明显,在完成培训机构后,如果他们的专业在劳动力市场上有很高的需求,毕业生就有希望找到工作。监测永久性劳动力市场需求和供应指标,分析可以预见趋势和趋势的变化,以找出最需要的专业,并在工作世界中拥有最多的工作机会。因此,研究问题揭示了以下问题:会计专业的就业机会是什么?受过这种教育的人在劳动力市场上有需求吗?调查的目的是评估会计专业毕业生在劳动力市场上的就业机会。青年在劳动力市场的情况并不有利,而且仍然没有明显的积极变化,因为近年来在劳工中心申请了大约7万名25岁以下的年轻人和大约2万名毕业生。然而,对会计专业人员和获得整合劳动力市场统计专业的毕业生的需求的分析表明,对这些专业人员的需求并没有减少。正如一些劳动力市场分析师所指出的,这是最稳定的职业之一,这些人在这一领域有很大的就业机会。分析结果也证实了这一点:每年,雇主为会计师和簿记员提供约2-3万个工作岗位;全国各地都有良好的就业机会,因为越来越多的商人选择金融服务公司,接受各级会计服务;每年获得该专业的毕业生数量都在减少,因此在劳动力市场上准备专业人才的竞争正在减弱;空缺率保持稳定(平均为0.6%),市场上这些专业人员的供过于求并不高,即2人申请1个空缺。
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引用次数: 0
Financial model of investments to fixed assets 固定资产投资的财务模型
Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.15388/BATP.2014.NO16.10
Erika Beniušytė, Aurelija Zonienė
The analysis of the investments to fixed assets revealed that there is no common system in evaluation of investments to fixed assets. The financial model of investments to fixed assets is recommended. The model consists of these stages: 1) the need determination of investments in fixed assets; 2) financing sources selection of the investments in fixed assets; 3) the calculation of financial benefits of the investments in fixed assets; 4) risk identification of the investment in fixed assets; 5) decision making.
对固定资产投资的分析表明,固定资产投资的评价没有统一的体系。介绍了固定资产投资的财务模型。该模型由以下几个阶段组成:1)固定资产投资的需求确定;2)固定资产投资的融资来源选择;3)固定资产投资的财务效益计算;4)固定资产投资的风险识别;5)决策。
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引用次数: 0
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Buhalterines Apskaitos Teorija ir Praktika
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