Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320324
Amir Ajoolabady, J. Tuomilehto, Gregory H. Lip, D. Klionsky, Jun Ren
Heart failure (HF) refers to a progressive pathological condition when cardiac muscles fail to pump adequate blood supply (cardiac output) to meet the metabolic demand of the body. Among various cellular and molecular mechanisms identified for the onset and progression of HF, autophagy dysregulation is increasingly getting recognized. Autophagy is a natural cellular process that is observed in almost all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy removes damaged/long-lived organelles, protein aggregates, and unwanted cellular compomemts via forming autophagosomes then fusing with lysosomes. Although mild-to-moderate induction of autophagy is deemed cytoprotective and adaptive, excessive or unchecked induction of autophagy can be detrimental and maladaptive. Both adaptive and maladaptive autophagy play a vital role in the pathophysiology of HF. In the current review, we provide an overview of autophagy regulation in HF and possible strategies targeting autophagy for the management of HF.
{"title":"Deciphering the role of autophagy in heart failure","authors":"Amir Ajoolabady, J. Tuomilehto, Gregory H. Lip, D. Klionsky, Jun Ren","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320324","url":null,"abstract":"Heart failure (HF) refers to a progressive pathological condition when cardiac muscles fail to pump adequate blood supply (cardiac output) to meet the metabolic demand of the body. Among various cellular and molecular mechanisms identified for the onset and progression of HF, autophagy dysregulation is increasingly getting recognized. Autophagy is a natural cellular process that is observed in almost all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy removes damaged/long-lived organelles, protein aggregates, and unwanted cellular compomemts via forming autophagosomes then fusing with lysosomes. Although mild-to-moderate induction of autophagy is deemed cytoprotective and adaptive, excessive or unchecked induction of autophagy can be detrimental and maladaptive. Both adaptive and maladaptive autophagy play a vital role in the pathophysiology of HF. In the current review, we provide an overview of autophagy regulation in HF and possible strategies targeting autophagy for the management of HF.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"92 - 101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43937007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320322
Q. Jin, W. Pan, Shasha Chen, Lei Zhang, Daxin Zhou, J. Ge
Background and Objectives: The anatomical characteristics of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral regurgitation (MR) have rarely been investigated demographically to determine the applicability of transcatheter intervention. Therefore, the study objective was to analyze potential candidates and their prognosis. Predictors determining the prognosis were also investigated. Methods: Patients diagnosed with MVP and MR severity of ≥2+ were screened from our echocardiography database from 2010 to 2012. All clinical and echocardiogram information was retrieved from electronic medical records. The endpoint was all-cause mortality analyzed by a proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 1268 patients (mean age 57.50 ± 14.88 years, 47.16% female) with MVP and MR severity of ≥ 2+ were included. Isolated P2 (n = 239, 18.85%) appeared as the most common site of leaflet prolapse. The incidence of MR jet solely from middle scallop (A2 and/or P2) was 31.07% (n = 394). If a nonsignificant jet from other locations was also accepted, the incidence of MR jet derived from mainly the middle scallop (A2 and/or P2) was 52.10% (n = 659). For MVP patients with MR R + 3, the conservative therapy group had higher mortality than the early surgery group (31.45% vs. 5.25%, P < 0.001) after 4.5 ± 1.0 years of follow-up, multiple analysis showed that surgical treatment (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.202, P < 0.001), systolic pulmonary artery pressure of o60 mmHg (HR: 6.816, P < 0.001), age of ≥ 60 years (HR: 3.838, P < 0.001), and pericardial effusion (HR: 1.915, P = 0.003) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: In patients with MVP, one-fifth leaflet prolapse located solely in P2 and one-half of MR jet derived from the middle scallop were anatomically eligible for transcatheter chordal repair and edge-to-edge repair therapy, respectively. Initial conservative therapy, pericardial effusion, pulmonary hypertension, and advanced age were independent predictors of a higher mortality rate in MVP patients with MR severity of ≥ 3+.
{"title":"Anatomical analysis and prognostic assessment of degenerative mitral regurgitation based on a large echocardiography database: Implications for transcatheter edge-to-edge and chordal repair","authors":"Q. Jin, W. Pan, Shasha Chen, Lei Zhang, Daxin Zhou, J. Ge","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320322","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: The anatomical characteristics of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral regurgitation (MR) have rarely been investigated demographically to determine the applicability of transcatheter intervention. Therefore, the study objective was to analyze potential candidates and their prognosis. Predictors determining the prognosis were also investigated. Methods: Patients diagnosed with MVP and MR severity of ≥2+ were screened from our echocardiography database from 2010 to 2012. All clinical and echocardiogram information was retrieved from electronic medical records. The endpoint was all-cause mortality analyzed by a proportional hazards model. Results: A total of 1268 patients (mean age 57.50 ± 14.88 years, 47.16% female) with MVP and MR severity of ≥ 2+ were included. Isolated P2 (n = 239, 18.85%) appeared as the most common site of leaflet prolapse. The incidence of MR jet solely from middle scallop (A2 and/or P2) was 31.07% (n = 394). If a nonsignificant jet from other locations was also accepted, the incidence of MR jet derived from mainly the middle scallop (A2 and/or P2) was 52.10% (n = 659). For MVP patients with MR R + 3, the conservative therapy group had higher mortality than the early surgery group (31.45% vs. 5.25%, P < 0.001) after 4.5 ± 1.0 years of follow-up, multiple analysis showed that surgical treatment (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.202, P < 0.001), systolic pulmonary artery pressure of o60 mmHg (HR: 6.816, P < 0.001), age of ≥ 60 years (HR: 3.838, P < 0.001), and pericardial effusion (HR: 1.915, P = 0.003) were independent predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: In patients with MVP, one-fifth leaflet prolapse located solely in P2 and one-half of MR jet derived from the middle scallop were anatomically eligible for transcatheter chordal repair and edge-to-edge repair therapy, respectively. Initial conservative therapy, pericardial effusion, pulmonary hypertension, and advanced age were independent predictors of a higher mortality rate in MVP patients with MR severity of ≥ 3+.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"102 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46747175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320323
Siew Ho
Congenitally malformed hearts are often perceived as too complex for the general practitioner. By using a descriptive method, each malformed heart can be analyzed systematically without reference to presumptions of what went wrong during cardiac embryogenesis. The basis of this method, systemic segmental approach, is reviewed followed by examples of the common malformations.
{"title":"Congenital heart defects: A morphological approach","authors":"Siew Ho","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320323","url":null,"abstract":"Congenitally malformed hearts are often perceived as too complex for the general practitioner. By using a descriptive method, each malformed heart can be analyzed systematically without reference to presumptions of what went wrong during cardiac embryogenesis. The basis of this method, systemic segmental approach, is reviewed followed by examples of the common malformations.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"141 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41673470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320318
L. Bao, Rongchen Liu, Fangying Yan, Huizhi Fan, Guomin Huang, Xiu-fang Gao, Kun Xie, Yong Li, Hai-ming Shi
Objectives: We aimed to examine the protective effects of dapagliflozin (dapa) on thoracic aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure in a nondiabetic mouse model. More specifically, we determined the effects of dapa on uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) activation and subsequent metabolic remodeling. Methods: Sixty C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups for TAC surgery and received different doses of dapa via gavage for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Histological and molecular markers of cardiac remodeling and metabolic changes were assessed through staining assays, RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA. HL-1 cells were used to explore the role of UCP3 in metabolic remodeling through transfection with UCP3 siRNA. Results: Mice that received TAC exhibited elevated heart weight/body weight ratios (HW/BW), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, impaired LV ejection fraction, and increased rates of fibrosis and apoptosis, unlike mice that received sham operation. Treatment with dapa after TAC restored HW/BW, improved LV parameters, and reduced fibrosis and apoptosis. dapa changed the expression levels of enzymes involved in glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4, glucose transporter 4, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α, carnitine O-acetyltransferase, carnitine O-octanoyltransferase, acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, acyl-CoA thioesterase 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and β, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, and UCP3, relative to the levels in mice in the TAC group. UCP3 siRNA reduced the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase and of factors involved in FA oxidation in vitro. Conclusions: Dapa exhibits cardioprotective effects in the model and augments expression of UCP3, which may be involved in metabolic remodeling in the failing heart.
{"title":"Dapagliflozin Regulates Cardiac Metabolic Remodeling Partially via Uncoupling Protein 3 in a Nondiabetic Thoracic Aortic Constriction-Induced Mouse Model","authors":"L. Bao, Rongchen Liu, Fangying Yan, Huizhi Fan, Guomin Huang, Xiu-fang Gao, Kun Xie, Yong Li, Hai-ming Shi","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320318","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We aimed to examine the protective effects of dapagliflozin (dapa) on thoracic aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure in a nondiabetic mouse model. More specifically, we determined the effects of dapa on uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) activation and subsequent metabolic remodeling. Methods: Sixty C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups for TAC surgery and received different doses of dapa via gavage for 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed to evaluate cardiac structure and function. Histological and molecular markers of cardiac remodeling and metabolic changes were assessed through staining assays, RT-PCR, western blot, and ELISA. HL-1 cells were used to explore the role of UCP3 in metabolic remodeling through transfection with UCP3 siRNA. Results: Mice that received TAC exhibited elevated heart weight/body weight ratios (HW/BW), left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, impaired LV ejection fraction, and increased rates of fibrosis and apoptosis, unlike mice that received sham operation. Treatment with dapa after TAC restored HW/BW, improved LV parameters, and reduced fibrosis and apoptosis. dapa changed the expression levels of enzymes involved in glucose and fatty acid (FA) metabolism, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4, glucose transporter 4, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1α, carnitine O-acetyltransferase, carnitine O-octanoyltransferase, acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, acyl-CoA thioesterase 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and β, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α, and UCP3, relative to the levels in mice in the TAC group. UCP3 siRNA reduced the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase and of factors involved in FA oxidation in vitro. Conclusions: Dapa exhibits cardioprotective effects in the model and augments expression of UCP3, which may be involved in metabolic remodeling in the failing heart.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"109 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45504774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320319
Xuejie Li, Nianwei Zhou, Huiyuan Xie, Wen Liu, C. Pan, Xianghong Shu
Objectives: This study aimed to diversify the spectrum of PRKAG2 variants and explore its clinical features in a Chinese Han population with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 200 patients diagnosed with HCM, and four causative PRKAG2 variants were identified in the probands and their relatives using Sanger sequencing. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, therapeutic methods, and outcomes were documented and analyzed. Results: Four variants were identified in six probands and seven of their relatives. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in all probands. Five probands had sinus bradycardia, three had implanted pacemakers (PM), one developed heart failure, two had ventricular preexcitation, and one had atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome (PCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, preexcitation, and progressive conduction defects, resulting in a high incidence of PM implantation. Genetic testing provides robust information for distinguishing PCS from sarcomeric HCM, which will be beneficial in guiding therapy and improving prognosis.
{"title":"Differential diagnosis of PRKAG2 Cardiac syndrome in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients of han nationality","authors":"Xuejie Li, Nianwei Zhou, Huiyuan Xie, Wen Liu, C. Pan, Xianghong Shu","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320319","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to diversify the spectrum of PRKAG2 variants and explore its clinical features in a Chinese Han population with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: Whole-exome sequencing was performed on 200 patients diagnosed with HCM, and four causative PRKAG2 variants were identified in the probands and their relatives using Sanger sequencing. Their clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, therapeutic methods, and outcomes were documented and analyzed. Results: Four variants were identified in six probands and seven of their relatives. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in all probands. Five probands had sinus bradycardia, three had implanted pacemakers (PM), one developed heart failure, two had ventricular preexcitation, and one had atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: PRKAG2 cardiac syndrome (PCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, preexcitation, and progressive conduction defects, resulting in a high incidence of PM implantation. Genetic testing provides robust information for distinguishing PCS from sarcomeric HCM, which will be beneficial in guiding therapy and improving prognosis.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"132 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320320
J. Ge, L. Ge, Y. Huo, Ji-yan Chen, Wei-min Wang, On Behalf of Chronic Total Occlusion Club
In 2018, the Chronic Total Occlusion Club China (CTOCC) presented a new CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) algorithm. At the end of 2020, an updated CTOCC algorithm was proposed by this group after the adoption of innovative concepts and novel techniques in CTO PCI. The updated CTOCC algorithm summarizes the contemporary CTO PCI practices in China, in which simultaneous contralateral injection and careful angiographic review, along with strategic changes, are emphasized. Additionally, we provide some new recommendations for techniques such as the “move the cap” and “active greeting” techniques and investment procedures.
{"title":"Updated algorithm of chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention from chronic total occlusion club China","authors":"J. Ge, L. Ge, Y. Huo, Ji-yan Chen, Wei-min Wang, On Behalf of Chronic Total Occlusion Club","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320320","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018, the Chronic Total Occlusion Club China (CTOCC) presented a new CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) algorithm. At the end of 2020, an updated CTOCC algorithm was proposed by this group after the adoption of innovative concepts and novel techniques in CTO PCI. The updated CTOCC algorithm summarizes the contemporary CTO PCI practices in China, in which simultaneous contralateral injection and careful angiographic review, along with strategic changes, are emphasized. Additionally, we provide some new recommendations for techniques such as the “move the cap” and “active greeting” techniques and investment procedures.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"81 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47649300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.320317
Mingwei Wang, Xin-yan Fu, Wen Wen, Chun-yi Wang, Jie Ni, Jing-jie Jiang, Minjua Wu, Zhao Xu, Yong-Ran Cheng, Meng-yun Zhou, L. Ye, Zhanhui Feng, Juan Chen, Xing-wei Zhang
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the current knowledge levels on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators of Chinese citizens. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey on the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs during an OHCA event was conducted in three high-traffic train stations in Hangzhou and Taizhou, China. The survey included questions on previous experience with CPR, recognition of cardiac arrest, CPR-related concerns, and AED knowledge. Results: A total of 6268 participants were surveyed about their knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs. A total of 5981 valid questionnaires, including 3008 from female respondents (50.2%) and 2973 from male respondents (49.8%), were retrieved. The participants were geographically distributed as follows: 18.5% from western China, 19.5% from central China, and 77.0% from eastern China. The educational level, regular residence, and sex of the respondents, as well as legislative policies, were relevant to the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs for OHCA events. The results showed that men were more active than women in terms of CPR training and implementation, as well as had more knowledge and used AEDs more often. More people in eastern and central China had witnessed CPR performance, would pay for CPR training, and would be willing to perform CPR if there was a related legislative policy. Moreover, educational level was crucial to the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs during OHCA events. Conclusions: Chinese citizens lack CPR and AED knowledge and training compared with people in developed countries. We recommend that the state should increase public awareness of CPR and AEDs in China. Mass education, policy implementation, specialized training, and legislative action should be carried out.
{"title":"A Survey of knowledge on and attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators in China","authors":"Mingwei Wang, Xin-yan Fu, Wen Wen, Chun-yi Wang, Jie Ni, Jing-jie Jiang, Minjua Wu, Zhao Xu, Yong-Ran Cheng, Meng-yun Zhou, L. Ye, Zhanhui Feng, Juan Chen, Xing-wei Zhang","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.320317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.320317","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the current knowledge levels on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillators of Chinese citizens. Methods: A face-to-face questionnaire survey on the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs during an OHCA event was conducted in three high-traffic train stations in Hangzhou and Taizhou, China. The survey included questions on previous experience with CPR, recognition of cardiac arrest, CPR-related concerns, and AED knowledge. Results: A total of 6268 participants were surveyed about their knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs. A total of 5981 valid questionnaires, including 3008 from female respondents (50.2%) and 2973 from male respondents (49.8%), were retrieved. The participants were geographically distributed as follows: 18.5% from western China, 19.5% from central China, and 77.0% from eastern China. The educational level, regular residence, and sex of the respondents, as well as legislative policies, were relevant to the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs for OHCA events. The results showed that men were more active than women in terms of CPR training and implementation, as well as had more knowledge and used AEDs more often. More people in eastern and central China had witnessed CPR performance, would pay for CPR training, and would be willing to perform CPR if there was a related legislative policy. Moreover, educational level was crucial to the knowledge of and attitudes toward the use of CPR and AEDs during OHCA events. Conclusions: Chinese citizens lack CPR and AED knowledge and training compared with people in developed countries. We recommend that the state should increase public awareness of CPR and AEDs in China. Mass education, policy implementation, specialized training, and legislative action should be carried out.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"121 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43080853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.312598
Zhiyi Ma
Due to the difference in drug treatment strategies between the “2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines” and the “Expert consensus on the management of hypertension in the young and middle-aged Chinese population” consensus, I made a hypothesis on hypertension mechanisms. The mechanisms behind hypertension differ between age groups. For instance, the sympathetic nervous system might play more important role young and middle-aged hypertensive patients. In this commentary, hypertension mechanisms were classified into initiation and secondary mechanisms. Thereafter, their quantity-effect relationship was speculated. These helped deepen the understanding of the time association and the crosstalk mechanisms.
{"title":"Initiating and secondary mechanisms of hypertension along the time course","authors":"Zhiyi Ma","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.312598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.312598","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the difference in drug treatment strategies between the “2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines” and the “Expert consensus on the management of hypertension in the young and middle-aged Chinese population” consensus, I made a hypothesis on hypertension mechanisms. The mechanisms behind hypertension differ between age groups. For instance, the sympathetic nervous system might play more important role young and middle-aged hypertensive patients. In this commentary, hypertension mechanisms were classified into initiation and secondary mechanisms. Thereafter, their quantity-effect relationship was speculated. These helped deepen the understanding of the time association and the crosstalk mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"21 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44428764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.312597
Yu-yao Ji, Siang Wei, R. Xu, Runda Wu, K. Yao, Y. Zou
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to myocardial infarction (MI), which may serve as research and therapeutic targets. Methods: MI expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DEGs were screened using GEO2R, and DEGs in multiple datasets were identified using Venn diagrams. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery v6.8. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Coexpedia was used for gene coexpression network analysis and functional annotation. Results: We identified 50 DEGs in the four datasets, including 29 with important roles in the PPI network. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of DEGs in biological processes such as cytokine activation, peptidase inhibition, and chemokine activation. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment in chemokine signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Gene coexpression network analysis identified nine hub genes involved in the occurrence and development of MI including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; CD44 antigen; lysyl oxidase; formyl peptide receptor 2; matrix metallopeptidase 3; formyl peptide receptor 1; serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; and elastin. Conclusions: The hub genes identified may play important roles in MI-related biological processes and represent potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of MI.
目的:本研究旨在鉴定与心肌梗死(MI)相关的差异表达基因(DEGs)，作为研究和治疗靶点。方法:从Gene expression Omnibus (GEO)数据库中获取MI表达谱。使用GEO2R筛选deg，并使用维恩图识别多个数据集中的deg。使用Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery v6.8进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)途径富集分析。利用STRING和Cytoscape 3.7.2构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络。使用Coexpedia进行基因共表达网络分析和功能标注。结果:我们在四个数据集中确定了50个deg，其中29个在PPI网络中起重要作用。氧化石墨烯功能富集分析显示，deg参与生物过程，如细胞因子激活、肽酶抑制和趋化因子激活。KEGG分析显示趋化因子信号和细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用富集。基因共表达网络分析鉴定出包括金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂1在内的9个参与心肌梗死发生发展的枢纽基因;CD44抗原;赖氨酰化氧;甲酰基肽受体2;基质金属肽酶3;甲酰基肽受体1;丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)肽酶抑制剂，分支E，成员1;前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶2;和弹性蛋白。结论:发现的枢纽基因可能在心肌梗死相关的生物学过程中发挥重要作用，具有潜在的诊断和治疗靶点。因此，本研究为进一步探索心肌梗死的分子机制奠定了基础。
{"title":"Bioinformatics analysis identifies potential biomarkers for the prediction and treatment of myocardial infarction","authors":"Yu-yao Ji, Siang Wei, R. Xu, Runda Wu, K. Yao, Y. Zou","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.312597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.312597","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to myocardial infarction (MI), which may serve as research and therapeutic targets. Methods: MI expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DEGs were screened using GEO2R, and DEGs in multiple datasets were identified using Venn diagrams. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery v6.8. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.2. Coexpedia was used for gene coexpression network analysis and functional annotation. Results: We identified 50 DEGs in the four datasets, including 29 with important roles in the PPI network. GO functional enrichment analysis revealed the involvement of DEGs in biological processes such as cytokine activation, peptidase inhibition, and chemokine activation. KEGG analysis revealed enrichment in chemokine signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. Gene coexpression network analysis identified nine hub genes involved in the occurrence and development of MI including tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; CD44 antigen; lysyl oxidase; formyl peptide receptor 2; matrix metallopeptidase 3; formyl peptide receptor 1; serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1; prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; and elastin. Conclusions: The hub genes identified may play important roles in MI-related biological processes and represent potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of MI.","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"48 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41391187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2470-7511.312600
Yuxiang Dai, J. Ge
{"title":"Precision medicine in coronary artery disease: Time for implementation into practice","authors":"Yuxiang Dai, J. Ge","doi":"10.4103/2470-7511.312600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2470-7511.312600","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52908,"journal":{"name":"Cardiology Plus","volume":"6 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42431330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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