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Organic brain disorders manifesting as psychiatric symptoms 表现为精神症状的大脑器质性病变
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_182_22
Beejal M. Patel, Sanjukta S Ghosh, Vaishal N. Vora, Bhaveshkumar M. Lakdawala
Organic brain disorders (OBD) may present with multiple psychiatric symptoms which may mimic as primary psychiatric disorder. We present three cases such as astrocytoma, cerebellar cyst, and hypothalamic hamartoma presented to our psychiatric outpatient department with psychotic, manic, and headache symptoms with no physical neurological signs and symptoms. Treatment resistance and relapse motivated us for seeking neuroimaging that subsequently revealed space occupying lesions. Some patients with neurologically silent OBD may present with psychiatric symptoms only. Therefore, we should consider of neuroimaging in patients with a change in mental status regardless of a lack of neurological symptoms.
脑器质性病变(OBD)可能表现为多种精神症状,并可能与原发性精神障碍相似。我们介绍了三个病例,如星形细胞瘤、小脑囊肿和下丘脑火腿肠瘤,患者因精神错乱、躁狂和头痛症状到我们的精神科门诊就诊,但无躯体神经系统体征和症状。治疗抵抗和复发促使我们寻求神经影像学检查,随后发现了空间占位性病变。一些无神经症状的 OBD 患者可能仅表现为精神症状。因此,我们应该考虑对精神状态改变的患者进行神经影像学检查,无论其是否有神经系统症状。
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引用次数: 0
Medical students' attitudes toward psychiatry at a teaching institute in North India: A qualitative pilot study 印度北部一所教学机构的医学生对精神病学的态度:定性试点研究
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_22_23
Nitisha Verma, Mokshika Yadav, Sudhir Kumar, S. Kar
Background: Medical students must embrace psychiatry and psychiatric illnesses with a positive outlook if we are to bridge the massive treatment gap for psychiatric illnesses. The opinions of medical students toward psychiatry have been investigated in several quantitative research carried out in India. Qualitative research is lacking, making it difficult to comprehend students' perspectives. Hence, we created this qualitative study. Methods: We conducted online one-on-one in-depth interviews with three final-year students and two interns in this pilot study. The data were examined using content analysis. In addition, the most frequent codes were found using word cloud analysis. Results: Participants reported that students would get more knowledge about psychiatry if it is made a compulsory examination subject in the MBBS. Conclusion: The preliminary findings suggest that medical graduates mostly perceive psychiatry as a promising branch and feel that psychiatry as a branch will get its due importance if it is made a major subject in the medical curriculum.
背景:医学生必须以积极的态度接受精神病学和精神疾病,这样才能弥补精神疾病治疗方面的巨大差距。印度开展的多项定量研究调查了医学生对精神病学的看法。由于缺乏定性研究,因此很难理解学生的观点。因此,我们开展了这项定性研究。研究方法在这项试验性研究中,我们对三名毕业班学生和两名实习生进行了一对一的在线深度访谈。我们使用内容分析法对数据进行了研究。此外,我们还使用词云分析找到了最常见的代码。结果参与者表示,如果将精神病学作为医学学士学位的必考科目,学生将获得更多有关精神病学的知识。结论初步研究结果表明,医学毕业生大多认为精神病学是一个很有前途的学科,并认为如果将精神病学作为医学课程的主要科目,该学科将得到应有的重视。
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引用次数: 0
Has quality of suicide reporting by print media changed in India? A re-examination of previous findings 印度纸媒的自杀报道质量有变化吗?对先前发现的重新检查
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_196_22
Devavrat G. Harshe, A. Nair, Dashleen Kaur, N. Ravindran, Ankit Halder, P. Behere
Background: Suicide is a serious mental health problem in India, and suicide rates in India have risen over the past decades. Reporting of suicide by the media is a common cause for spurts of suicides that may occur. Methodology: Suspected suicide by the renowned actor Sushant Singh Rajput was selected as the reference case. The top two Indian daily newspapers published in English having the highest circulation as per data provided by the Registrar of Newspapers, Government of India, were selected to be part of the study. The authors screened all news stories in the two newspapers within a 6-month period (3 months prior and 3 months post the date of the reference suicide case), and these news reports were evaluated as per the suicide reporting guidelines for media laid down by the Indian Psychiatric Society. The data were analyzed using Chi-square test and descriptive statistics where appropriate. Results: Our search yielded 158 articles from a period of 6 months, with 50 articles published before the suspected celebrity suicide and 108 published after. 29.7% had the word suicide in headline, 14.6% of them had news printed on the first page, 17.7% had a suicide note mentioned, whereas 1.9% mentioned prior attempts by victim. Conclusions: There is no change in media trend toward reporting suicide as noted following postcelebrity suicide, and so it is essential that media follow guidelines stringently when reporting a serious problem like suicide.
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of prevalence and risk factors of delirium in kidney disease patients undergoing renal dialysis: A prospective observational study 评估肾脏透析患者谵妄的患病率和危险因素:一项前瞻性观察研究
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_85_22
Vishwas Yadawad, S. Chate, Sandeep Patil, Bheemsain V. Tekkalaki, Punit Mutalik
Context: Studies have shown that delirium is common in intensive care unit settings, postsurgery, and in elderly. There are various predisposing risk factors for same. There is evidence of delirium occurring after dialysis. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factor of delirium in kidney disease (both acute and chronic) patients undergoing dialysis. Settings and Design: A 1-year prospective observational study in a tertiary care hospital. Subjects and Methods: The study included admitted patients of kidney disease (acute and chronic) requiring dialysis, aged 18 years or more. All patients who were already in delirium before dialysis were excluded. Mental status examination was done, and Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) scale was applied on the included patients to make a diagnosis of delirium. Statistical Analysis Used: For risk factors, sociodemographic data, past history of delirium, number of dialysis received, and blood investigations were collected. P value for all parameters was calculated using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and unpaired t-test. Results: The prevalence of delirium was 20% after dialysis. Risk factors identified were past history of delirium, >3 dialysis received, the presence of hypertension, increased urea, creatinine, hemoglobin, white blood cells levels, and increased LFT's (significant P value). Conclusions: The prevalence of delirium in dialysis group patients is high. There are multiple risk factors for same and can be predicted and taken care of to reduce the long-term consequences of delirium.
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引用次数: 0
Topographic theory of mind through Ramayana: A comparison between Freud's conceptualization of the mind and Valmiki's characters in the Ramayana 从《罗摩衍那》看心灵拓扑理论:弗洛伊德的心灵概念与瓦尔米基《罗摩衍那》中人物的比较
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_1_21
Prashant Sunil Chaudhari
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引用次数: 0
Challenges in management of a patient presenting with obsessive–Compulsive disorder after head injury 处理一名头部受伤后出现强迫症的患者所面临的挑战
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_141_21
Chandrima Naskar, Surabhi Gupta, Swapnajeet Sahoo, A. Mehra, Sandeep Grover
In a subgroup of patients, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with organic conditions such as head injury. In general, different studies evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of nonpharmacological and pharmacological interventions in patients with OCD exclude patients with OCD associated with organic conditions. Hence, there is little information about the difficulties faced in managing these patients. In this report, we present a young male who presented with OCD after the head injury, in whom it was not possible to carry out exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy, as recommended due to the poor insight and associated cognitive impairment. We managed the patient with a combination of psychoeducation, ERP, using positive reinforcement and supportive therapy.
在一部分患者中,强迫症(OCD)与头部受伤等器质性病变有关。一般来说,对强迫症患者进行非药物干预和药物干预的疗效和有效性评估的不同研究都排除了与器质性疾病相关的强迫症患者。因此,有关这些患者在治疗过程中面临的困难的信息很少。在本报告中,我们介绍了一名在头部受伤后出现强迫症的年轻男性患者,由于其洞察力差并伴有认知障碍,我们无法按照建议对其实施暴露和反应预防疗法(ERP)。我们采用心理教育、ERP、正强化和支持疗法相结合的方法对患者进行管理。
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引用次数: 0
Perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate residents COVID-19 大流行对住院医师研究生的影响认知
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_47_22
Ajay Solanki, Hrishikesh Solunke, T. S. Sathyanarayana Rao, M. Kishor
Introduction: COVID-19 has led to an increase in burden on health-care workers. Postgraduate residents are at the forefront of the pandemic. Understanding its impact and the perspectives of postgraduate residents could provide better solutions to their problems. Objectives: 1. To assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on postgraduate doctors. 2. To assess the perception of postgraduate doctors regarding the medical profession and its association to the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This cross-sectional study recruited 65 postgraduate medical resident doctors working in teaching hospitals involved in the care of COVID-19 patients. They were requested to complete the questionnaire consisting of qualitative as well as quantitative questions. For an objective assessment of anxiety, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale was used. Relevant statistical methods were employed and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software version 20.0. Results: The qualitative data showed themes of concern regarding social awareness about COVID-19 (hygiene, masks, and social distancing), working conditions of doctors, and increased stress and burnout. 47.54% (n = 29) of respondents said that they would reconsider their profession/specialty, out of which 21 said that they would switch to another profession. The resident doctors who would reconsider their choice of profession/specialty had significantly higher (P < 0.05) scores for anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusion: Owing to the significant association between anxiety and desire to change their profession altogether, greater psychological support for doctors appears to be a pressing need. It is important that the concerns of the postgraduate residents are addressed promptly and holistically.
导言:COVID-19 已导致医护人员的负担加重。研究生住院医师处于疫情的最前沿。了解该流行病的影响和住院医师研究生的观点可为他们的问题提供更好的解决方案。目标: 1:1.评估 COVID-19 大流行对研究生医生的心理影响。2.评估研究生医生对医学专业的看法及其与 COVID-19 大流行病心理影响的关联。研究方法:这项横断面研究招募了 65 名在教学医院工作的住院医师研究生,他们参与了 COVID-19 患者的护理工作。他们被要求填写由定性和定量问题组成的调查问卷。为了对焦虑进行客观评估,采用了广泛性焦虑症-7(GAD-7)量表。采用了相关的统计方法,并使用 IBM SPSS 软件 20.0 版进行了统计分析。结果定性数据显示,对 COVID-19 的社会认知(卫生、口罩和社会疏离)、医生的工作条件、压力增加和职业倦怠等主题表示担忧。47.54%的受访者(n = 29)表示会重新考虑自己的职业/专业,其中 21 人表示会转行。会重新考虑职业/专业选择的住院医生的焦虑评分(GAD-7)明显更高(P < 0.05)。结论由于焦虑与想要彻底改变职业的愿望之间存在明显关联,似乎迫切需要为医生提供更多的心理支持。重要的是,要及时、全面地解决住院医师研究生所关心的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Intensity and density of stressful life events in first suicide attempters with psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity: A case–control study 有精神疾病和合并症的首次自杀倾向者的生活压力事件强度和密度:病例对照研究
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_134_22
Ranganath R. Kulkarni, K. Rao, Shamshad Begum
Background: Stressful life events (LEs) have been pivotal to suicidal behavior in vulnerable individuals, although its quantum and clustering have remained unclear. This study aimed to estimate and compare the quantum and clustering of LEs across three time periods, three suicide intentionality–lethality categories, and three diagnostic groups in survivors of first suicide attempt (SoFSA). Materials and Methods: One hundred SoFSA were compared to 100 age- and sex-matched controls for LEs across psychiatric and/or personality comorbidity. Presumptive Stressful LE Scale, Risk-Rescue Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression- and Anxiety-Rating Scales, and structured and semi-structured clinical interviews were administered for comprehensive mental health evaluation. Results: SoFSA with age ≥30 years, male gender, schooling <10 years, middle-lower socioeconomic class, married, extended/joint family living, family history of psychiatric disorders/suicide, and concomitant depression–anxiety exhibit significantly higher undesirable, ambiguous, and total LEs across time periods. One-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis revealed SoFSA who attempted medically serious suicide suffered higher undesirable (F[2,97] = 4.43; P = 0.014) and total (F[2,97] = 3.39; P = 0.038) LEs during recent 6 months compared to medically nonlethal group. SoFSA diagnosed with comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders experienced higher undesirable, ambiguous, and total LEs across all time periods (P < 0.0001), compared to either disorder alone. Desirable LE did not significantly differ across all time periods and diagnostic categories, but ambiguous LE was the only significant finding among SoFSA with personality disorders. Conclusion: This study sheds newer insights that quantitative estimation (intensity and density) of LEs has a potential role in suicide-risk evaluation, with clustering of total or undesirable LE (>3 within 1 year or >10 lifetimes) and ambiguous LE (≥1 within 1 year or > 3 lifetimes) posing risk for psychiatric morbidity and medically serious suicidal behavior (especially, if lifetime total LE > 10). SoFSA with comorbid psychiatric and personality disorders experience higher intensity and density of LEs than either disorder alone, across all time periods.
背景:应激性生活事件(LEs)对易受影响的个体的自杀行为至关重要,但其数量和聚集情况仍不清楚。本研究旨在估算和比较首次自杀未遂幸存者(SoFSA)在三个时间段、三个自杀意图-致死类别和三个诊断组中的生活压力事件的数量和集群。材料与方法:将 100 名首次自杀未遂者与 100 名年龄和性别匹配的对照者进行比较,以了解他们在精神和/或人格合并症方面的自杀倾向。采用推定应激性 LE 量表、风险-救援评分量表、汉密尔顿抑郁和焦虑评分量表以及结构化和半结构化临床访谈进行综合心理健康评估。结果年龄≥30 岁、性别为男性、1 年内接受过 3 次学校教育或终生接受过 10 次以上学校教育的 SoFSA,以及 LE 含糊不清(1 年内≥1 次或终生接受过 3 次以上学校教育)的 SoFSA,具有精神疾病和严重自杀行为(尤其是终生总 LE 超过 10 次)的风险。)在所有时间段内,合并有精神障碍和人格障碍的 SoFSA 的 LE 强度和密度均高于其中任何一种障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Online support group: Ways to care for the caregivers during the pandemic 在线支持小组:大流行期间照顾护理人员的方法
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_189_22
Z. Maritska, Latifah Nudhar, B. Prananjaya, Raden Mulya Liansari, Nita Parisa, P. Suryani, Miranti Dwi Hartanti, Rizka Fathia, Muhammad Adam Triyoga, Mohammad Atthariq Ramadhan, F. Anggraini, J. Salim, S. Putri
The current world situation has put many at risk of having mental health issues, with the caregivers of mental disorders patients no exception. The pandemic has limited their access to the support they need in providing care for people with mental illnesses. Thus, a group of lecturers and students from the faculty of medicine at Universitas Sriwijaya assist families/caregivers of people with mental disorders during the pandemic through an online platform. The team screened for potential families/caregivers of mental disorder patients who went to Ernaldi Bahar Mental Hospital in Palembang, Indonesia. Twenty-four families of mental disorder patients consented to join the WhatsApp group with the doctors, who took a turn sharing varied topics weekly for 4 months (June–September 2021) through the WhatsApp messaging platform. Families found it helpful to join the group because they could interact and ask questions directly to doctors who are experts in their field, signifying that this activity is beneficial for families of people with mental disorders to increase resilience during the pandemic.
当前的世界形势使许多人面临精神健康问题的风险,精神疾病患者的护理人员也不例外。大流行病限制了他们为精神疾病患者提供所需的支持。因此,斯里维加亚大学(Universitas Sriwijaya)医学系的一组讲师和学生通过一个在线平台,在大流行期间为精神障碍患者的家庭/照顾者提供帮助。该小组筛选了前往印度尼西亚巴仑邦 Ernaldi Bahar 精神病院就诊的精神障碍患者的潜在家属/照顾者。24名精神障碍患者家属同意加入医生的WhatsApp群组,他们在4个月内(2021年6月至9月)轮流通过WhatsApp信息平台每周分享不同的话题。家属们认为加入该群组很有帮助,因为他们可以直接与该领域的专家医生进行互动和提问,这表明该活动有利于精神障碍患者家属在大流行期间提高应变能力。
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引用次数: 0
Melatonin revisited: Clinically relevant facts 重温褪黑素:临床相关事实
IF 0.4 Q4 PSYCHIATRY Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.4103/aip.aip_196_23
Shorouq Motwani, A. De Sousa
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Annals of Indian Psychiatry
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