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Environmental Economics最新文献

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Environmental macroeconomics 宏观经济环境
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781315163246-15
Dodo J. Thampapillai, M. Ruth
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引用次数: 5
The environment and economics 环境与经济
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781315163246-1
Dodo J. Thampapillai, M. Ruth
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引用次数: 0
Production, costs, supply, and environmental capital 生产、成本、供应和环境资本
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781315163246-8
Dodo J. Thampapillai, M. Ruth
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引用次数: 0
The market model and its failure 市场模式及其失败
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781315163246-5
Dodo J. Thampapillai, M. Ruth
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引用次数: 0
Environmental policies 环境政策
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781315163246-19
Dodo J. Thampapillai, M. Ruth
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引用次数: 0
Economics of non-renewable resources with renewable services 不可再生资源与可再生服务的经济学
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-05-14 DOI: 10.4324/9781315163246-6
Dodo J. Thampapillai, M. Ruth
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引用次数: 0
Synthesizing the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control for sustainable waste management 综合经济学家和心理学家的方法来控制垃圾的可持续废物管理
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-03-14 DOI: 10.21511/EE.10(1).2019.01
Musa Ilias Biala
Littering has been a subject of inquiry by environmental economists, as well as social and environmental psychologists, each using a different theoretical and analytical toolkit. While economists see littering as an externality problem or a market failure, psychologists see it as a social behavior problem. Regardless of the discipline, both theories have a common goal: What factors affect littering behavior and how can it be curtailed? This paper, therefore, adopts theory-triangulation approach to review theories concerning littering. It concisely reviews the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to littering and their respective solutions. The finding from this review is that the psychological approaches to litter control are narrower in coverage than the economic approaches in that the former are applicable to smaller environmental settings or areas, such as school premises, office places, factories, and market places, as opposed to such lager settings as cities, states or the country at large to which economic instruments are usually applied. Despite the plethora of research extolling the virtues of economic approaches to litter control, their real-world application has not caught on. One of the factors responsible for this is the implementation costs and difficulty involved. The economic instruments are costlier than the psychological instruments, because the former cover a larger setting and entail a lot of bureaucracies. To better understand littering and find appropriate solutions to it, studies on littering should consider looking at littering holistically from this interdisciplinary perspective. Both the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control should be synthesized for sustainable waste management. However, policymakers need to consider the available financial resources and the multifarious views of litter in policies relating to litter. An option for policymakers is to minimize those costs associated with implementing economic instruments.
乱扔垃圾一直是环境经济学家以及社会和环境心理学家研究的主题,他们各自使用不同的理论和分析工具。经济学家将乱扔垃圾视为外部性问题或市场失灵,而心理学家则将其视为社会行为问题。不管学科是什么,这两种理论都有一个共同的目标:什么因素会影响乱扔垃圾的行为,怎样才能减少这种行为?因此,本文采用理论三角法对有关乱扔垃圾的理论进行综述。它简明地回顾了经济学家和心理学家对乱扔垃圾的方法及其各自的解决方案。这篇综述的发现是,控制垃圾的心理方法的覆盖范围比经济方法要窄,因为前者适用于较小的环境环境或区域,如校舍、办公场所、工厂和市场,而不是像城市、州或整个国家这样的大环境,通常适用于经济工具。尽管有大量的研究称赞经济方法控制垃圾的优点,但它们在现实世界中的应用并没有流行起来。造成这种情况的因素之一是所涉及的执行费用和困难。经济工具比心理工具更昂贵,因为前者覆盖的范围更大,并且需要很多官僚机构。为了更好地了解乱扔垃圾,并找到适当的解决办法,乱扔垃圾的研究应考虑从跨学科的角度整体看待乱扔垃圾的问题。经济学家和心理学家控制垃圾的方法应该综合起来,以实现可持续的废物管理。然而,决策者在制定有关垃圾的政策时,需要考虑现有的财政资源和对垃圾的各种看法。政策制定者的一个选择是尽量减少与实施经济手段有关的成本。
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引用次数: 1
Institutional support for the organic farming development – a conceptual framework 对有机农业发展的制度支持——一个概念框架
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-31 DOI: 10.21511/EE.09(4).2018.05
O. Dobrovolska, José Manuel Recio Espejo
Realization of agricultural production complying with the sustainable development principles has resulted in a separate direction – organic farming. Its big difference from all other economy sectors is in its dependence on the natural and climatic conditions. Therefore, agricultural production has a dual nature, namely it depends on the environment health on the one hand, and, on the other hand, directly affects this health through the use of technologies that can both improve and substantially worsen the environmental situation. The institutional support for the organic farming is of great importance. This issue is relevant for scientists from countries, where organic farming is actively developing. In Ukraine, this is also a topical issue. The paper presents a conceptual framework of institutional support for the organic farming development, which includes elements such as state regulation, self-regulation, objects and subjects of organic farming, as well as an organic product market. Legal, informational, infrastructure and financial directions of ensuring the development of organic farming are also defined. The essence of each element is revealed. The main indicators of the organic farming development in Ukraine are analyzed, i.e. the organic farming areas, their proportion in agricultural lands, the number of producers, the volume of the organic market, the volume of organic consumption per capita, as well as the share of domestic organic land in the world's territory. A correlation analysis based on data from the largest world market of the USA made it possible to determine the factors that have the greatest impact on the development of the organic agricultural sector. The number of organic producers is statistically significant, and the share of land in the organic farming does not have a significant impact on the organic product consumption. At the same time, this can be seen from the point of view that the more producers will offer their products, the more saturated the market will be, and therefore the level of the organic products coverage can be greater.
实现符合可持续发展原则的农业生产,产生了一个独立的方向——有机农业。它与所有其他经济部门的最大区别在于它对自然和气候条件的依赖。因此,农业生产具有双重性质,即一方面依赖于环境健康,另一方面又通过使用既能改善环境状况又能严重恶化环境状况的技术直接影响环境健康。对有机农业的制度支持是非常重要的。这个问题与来自有机农业正在积极发展的国家的科学家有关。在乌克兰,这也是一个热门话题。本文提出了有机农业发展制度支持的概念框架,包括国家监管、自我监管、有机农业客体和主体以及有机产品市场等要素。此外,还确定了确保有机农业发展的法律、信息、基础设施和财政方向。每个元素的本质都显露出来了。分析了乌克兰有机农业发展的主要指标,即有机种植面积、占农业用地的比例、生产者数量、有机市场规模、人均有机消费量以及国内有机土地占世界领土的份额。基于来自世界最大市场美国的数据进行的相关性分析使得确定对有机农业部门发展影响最大的因素成为可能。有机生产者的数量具有统计学意义,有机农业的土地份额对有机产品消费没有显著影响。同时,这可以从生产者提供的产品越多,市场就会越饱和,因此有机产品的覆盖水平就会越大。
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引用次数: 1
Ecologically related transformation of the logistics theory: directions and content 物流理论的生态化转型:方向与内容
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-01-24 DOI: 10.21511/EE.09(4).2018.04
I. Koblianska
In the context of sustainable development, the need to improve the models of functioning and development of society, as well as the scientific knowledge underlying them is urgent. In particular, an ecologically oriented improvement of logistics science is needed to ensure the full use of its tools to resolve the modern socio-ecological and economic problems of resource use. In this regard, it is important to identify the directions and content of the ecologically related transformation of theoretical and methodological foundations of logistics, which is the purpose of this article. The paper outlines the main directions of logistic theory change in the context of the sustainable development paradigm. These changes embrace the improvement of the methodological basis of logistic science on the ground of provisions of ecological economics, environmental ethics, and principles of industrial ecology, etc. As a result, modern logistic management goals and objectives include environmental and social targets, and wider interpretation of material flow allows to manage the waste, emissions, secondary materials, and flaw components. The improvement of a methodical framework of logistic decision-making is associated with the environmentally adjusted calculation and analysis of total costs, proceeding from the assessment of environmental aspects of flow processes through the use of material flows analysis and life cycle assessment tools. Thus, the conceptual provisions of logistics may be used to solve various tasks in the context of sustainable development, in particular: to minimize the negative environmental impact of certain production process, enterprise, network (supply chain), as well as to form the regulatory framework for the promotion of ecoindustrial parks.
在可持续发展的背景下,迫切需要改进社会运作和发展模式,以及这些模式背后的科学知识。特别是,需要以生态为导向改进物流科学,以确保充分利用其工具来解决资源使用的现代社会生态和经济问题。在这方面,重要的是确定物流理论和方法论基础的生态相关转变的方向和内容,这就是本文的目的。本文概述了可持续发展范式下物流理论变革的主要方向。这些变化包括在生态经济学、环境伦理学和工业生态学原理等规定的基础上改进物流科学的方法论基础。因此,现代物流管理的目标和目的包括环境和社会目标,对物流的更广泛解释允许管理废物、排放、,二次材料和缺陷部件。物流决策系统框架的改进与总成本的环境调整计算和分析有关,从使用物流分析和生命周期评估工具评估流程的环境方面开始。因此,物流的概念规定可用于解决可持续发展背景下的各种任务,特别是:最大限度地减少某些生产过程、企业、网络(供应链)对环境的负面影响,并形成促进生态工业园区的监管框架。
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引用次数: 3
An applicability test of the use of deposit-refund system for managing water-sachet litter in Ilorin, Nigeria 在尼日利亚伊洛林使用押金退款系统管理水袋垃圾的适用性测试
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2018-12-25 DOI: 10.21511/EE.09(4).2018.03
Musa Ilias Biala, Omo Aregbeyen
This study used both quasi-experiment and contingent valuation survey to explore the applicability of deposit-refund system (DRS) to water-sachet litter management in Nigeria. In the experiment, a DRS was established to incentivize the participants to return emptied sachets of water. A contingent valuation survey of 454 sachet-water consumers selected using quasi-systematic sampling technique was conducted. Experimental results showed that the number of sachets returned by the experimental group – those subjected to DRS – was significantly greater than that of the comparison group – those not subjected to DRS. Logit regression results showed that refund size increased the odds of returning sachets by 42.0%. Increasing the redemption time decreased the odds of turning in sachets by about 16.0%. A one-minute increase in the time spent on redemption would result in about 2.4% decrease in the probability that participants would comply. Income decreased the odds of compliance by about 31.0%, while age reduced the odds of compliance by about 2.2%. These results imply that the DRS reduced water-sachet littering in the study area, and that income, refund amount, redemption time, age and perceived effectiveness of DRS influenced consumers’ compliance with DRS. Hence, an appropriate motivating DRS would reduce litter and its attendant problems, such as hygiene, plastic pollution, flooding, aesthetic loss, non-naturally degradable toxic compounds, degradation of natural habitat ant its endangered species. The government should, therefore, implement a DRS and set up recycling plants, or encourage private recycling firms, in order to accommodate used sachets that would end up piling up.
本研究采用准实验和偶然估价调查的方法,探讨了押金退款系统(DRS)在尼日利亚水袋垃圾管理中的适用性。在实验中,建立了一个DRS来激励参与者归还空的小袋水。采用准系统抽样技术对454个小袋水消费者进行了偶然估价调查。实验结果表明,实验组(接受DRS的组)退回的小袋数量明显多于对照组(未接受DRS的对照组)。Logit回归结果显示,退款金额使退回小袋的几率增加了42.0%。增加兑换时间将使退回小盒的几率降低约16.0%。兑换时间增加一分钟将使参与者遵守规定的概率降低约2.4%。收入使合规几率降低了约31.0%,而年龄使合规概率降低了约2.2%。这些结果表明,DRS减少了研究区域的水袋垃圾,收入、退款金额、赎回时间、年龄和DRS的感知有效性影响了消费者对DRS的合规性。因此,适当的激励DRS将减少垃圾及其伴随的问题,如卫生、塑料污染、洪水、美学损失、不可自然降解的有毒化合物、自然栖息地及其濒危物种的退化。因此,政府应该实施DRS,建立回收厂,或者鼓励私人回收公司,以容纳最终堆积起来的用过的小袋。
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Environmental Economics
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