Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.DICIEMBRE.81-92
Emílio Carlos Zilli Ruiz, C. Mussio, Milayne Lopes Rickli, Carlos Henrique Boscardin Nauiack, A. F. Filho
espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion fue analizar las caracteristicas floristicas de seis fragmentos de Bosque Ombrofilo Mixto ubicado en pequenas propiedades rurales ubicadas en Fernandes Pinheiro y compararlas en relacion con la diversidad alfa y beta. Se utilizaron 26 parcelas de 2.000 m², divididas en 130 subparcelas de 400 m² distribuidas en seis pequenos fragmentos de bosque. Se determinaron los parametros fitosociologicos y los indices de Shannon, Simpson y Pielou de cada fragmento, ademas del coeficiente Jaccard para formar grupos con un 50% de similitud. Los indices de Shannon de los fragmentos se evaluaron uno por uno utilizando la prueba de Hutcheson. En total, se registraron 103 especies de 69 generos y 35 familias, las familias mas abundantes son Myrtaceae y Lauraceae. De los seis fragmentos analizados, Araucaria no fue la especie principal solo en el Fragmento 6, la mas no caracterizada. El fragmento 3, aunque es el mas pequeno, presento los mejores resultados para la biodiversidad (S = 64 y H ’= 3,390). La prueba de Hutcheson enfatizo que los Fragmentos 3 y 6 difieren de los demas, de la misma manera, el coeficiente Jaccard tambien mostro menos similitud floristica entre estos dos fragmentos en relacion con los otros. Se concluyo que existe una alta heterogeneidad entre pequenos fragmentos de bosque cercanos, ademas de mostrar la disparidad en relacion con los grandes remanentes. portuguesO objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as caracteristicas floristicas de seis fragmentos de Floresta Ombrofila Mista situados em pequenas propriedades rurais localizadas em Fernandes Pinheiro e compara-los em relacao a diversidade alfa e beta. Utilizaram-se 26 parcelas de 2.000 m² divididas em 130 subparcelas de 400 m² distribuidas em seis pequenos fragmentos florestais. Os parâmetros fitossociologicos e indices de Shannon, Simpson e Pielou de cada fragmento, alem do Coeficiente de Jaccard para formacao de grupos a 50% de similaridade foram determinados. Os indices de Shannon dos fragmentos foram avaliados um a um pelo Teste de Hutcheson. No total, foram registradas 103 especies de 69 generos e 35 familias, sendo as familias mais abundantes, Myrtaceae e Lauraceae. Dos seis fragmentos analisados, a Araucaria nao foi a principal especie apenas no Fragmento 6, o mais descaracterizado. O Fragmento 3, mesmo sendo o menor, apresentou os melhores resultados para biodiversidade (S = 64 e H’ = 3,390). O Teste de Hutcheson enfatizou que os Fragmentos 3 e 6 diferem dos demais, da mesma forma, o coeficiente de Jaccard tambem evidenciou menor similaridade floristica entre esses dois fragmentos em relacao aos demais. Concluiu-se que ha elevada heterogeneidade entre pequenos fragmentos florestais proximos, alem de evidenciar a disparidade em relacao a grandes remanescentes. EnglishThe objective of this research was to analyze the floristic characteristics of six fragments of Mixed Ombrophylous Forest located in small rural properties located in Fernandes Pin
这项研究的西班牙目的是分析位于费尔南德斯·皮涅罗（Fernandes Pinheiro）小农村地区的六片混交林的植物区系特征，并将其与α和β多样性进行比较。使用了26块2000平方米的土地，分为130个400平方米的亚粘土，分布在6个小森林碎片中。除Jaccard系数外，还确定了每个片段的Shannon、Simpson和Pielou的植物生理参数和指数，以形成50%相似的群体。香农对碎片的索引使用哈奇森测试逐一评估。共记录69属35科103种，其中桃金娘科和樟科最多。在分析的六个片段中，阿劳卡里亚不仅是片段6中的主要物种，也是最没有特征的物种。片段3虽然最小，但对生物多样性的影响最大（S=64，H'=3390）。Hutcheson的测试强调，片段3和6与其他片段不同，同样，Jaccard系数也显示这两个片段之间的花卉相似性较小。得出的结论是，附近森林的小碎片之间存在很高的异质性，并且与大碎片相比存在差异。葡萄牙人的目标是研究FOI，分析位于Em Fernandes Pinheiro的六个Ambreofila Mista Floresta片段的花卉特征，并将它们与Alfa和Beta多样性进行比较。USEAM-SE 26块2000平方米的地块，分为130个400平方米的子地块，分布在6个小花片中。Shannon、Simpson和Pielou的植物社会参数和指数，每个片段的Alemdo Jaccard系数，以确定50%的Foram相似性形成组。香农的骨指数两个论坛片段支持哈奇森的UM-UM头发测试。Foram共记录了69属35科103种，分别为丰富的Mais科、桃金娘科和樟科。分析了两个六个片段，一个是Araucaria nao foi，一个是主要物种，几乎没有片段6，或者是脱碳的MAIS。O片段3，Mesmo Sendo或更小，Presentou OS Melhores生物多样性结果（S=64和H'=3390）。O Teste de Hutcheson强调，OS片段3和6不同于Dos Demais、Da Mesma形状或Jaccard系数，这也表明Esses dois片段之间的花卉相似性较低Em relacao aos Demais。结论-发现附近的小弗洛雷斯塔斯碎片之间的异质性很高，这表明Em Relacao的差异很大。这项研究的目的是分析位于费尔南德斯·皮涅罗（Fernandes Pinheiro）小农村财产中的六片混交阴凉林的区系特征，并将其与α和β多样性进行比较。206个2000平方米的地块分为130个400平方米的子地块，分布在6个森林碎片中。确定了每个片段的植物生理参数和Shannon、Simpson和Pielou指数，以及形成50%相似群体的Jaccard系数。哈奇森的测试逐一评估了碎片的香农指数。共记录了69属35科103种，其中桃金娘科和樟科最丰富。在分析的六个片段中，阿劳卡里亚不是主要物种，仅在片段6中，退化最严重。片段3虽然最小，但展示了生物多样性的最佳结果（s=64 e h'=3390）。Hutcheson测试强调，片段3和6与其他片段不同，同样，Jaccard系数也显示这两个片段之间在植物区系上的相似性不如其他片段。得出的结论是，附近的森林碎片之间存在高度的异质性，此外还表明了与大量残留物有关的差异。
{"title":"Diversidade e fitossociologia de fragmentos de floresta com Araucária em pequenas propriedades rurais no Estado do Paraná - Brasil","authors":"Emílio Carlos Zilli Ruiz, C. Mussio, Milayne Lopes Rickli, Carlos Henrique Boscardin Nauiack, A. F. Filho","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.DICIEMBRE.81-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.DICIEMBRE.81-92","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl objetivo de esta investigacion fue analizar las caracteristicas floristicas de seis fragmentos de Bosque Ombrofilo Mixto ubicado en pequenas propiedades rurales ubicadas en Fernandes Pinheiro y compararlas en relacion con la diversidad alfa y beta. Se utilizaron 26 parcelas de 2.000 m², divididas en 130 subparcelas de 400 m² distribuidas en seis pequenos fragmentos de bosque. Se determinaron los parametros fitosociologicos y los indices de Shannon, Simpson y Pielou de cada fragmento, ademas del coeficiente Jaccard para formar grupos con un 50% de similitud. Los indices de Shannon de los fragmentos se evaluaron uno por uno utilizando la prueba de Hutcheson. En total, se registraron 103 especies de 69 generos y 35 familias, las familias mas abundantes son Myrtaceae y Lauraceae. De los seis fragmentos analizados, Araucaria no fue la especie principal solo en el Fragmento 6, la mas no caracterizada. El fragmento 3, aunque es el mas pequeno, presento los mejores resultados para la biodiversidad (S = 64 y H ’= 3,390). La prueba de Hutcheson enfatizo que los Fragmentos 3 y 6 difieren de los demas, de la misma manera, el coeficiente Jaccard tambien mostro menos similitud floristica entre estos dos fragmentos en relacion con los otros. Se concluyo que existe una alta heterogeneidad entre pequenos fragmentos de bosque cercanos, ademas de mostrar la disparidad en relacion con los grandes remanentes. portuguesO objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as caracteristicas floristicas de seis fragmentos de Floresta Ombrofila Mista situados em pequenas propriedades rurais localizadas em Fernandes Pinheiro e compara-los em relacao a diversidade alfa e beta. Utilizaram-se 26 parcelas de 2.000 m² divididas em 130 subparcelas de 400 m² distribuidas em seis pequenos fragmentos florestais. Os parâmetros fitossociologicos e indices de Shannon, Simpson e Pielou de cada fragmento, alem do Coeficiente de Jaccard para formacao de grupos a 50% de similaridade foram determinados. Os indices de Shannon dos fragmentos foram avaliados um a um pelo Teste de Hutcheson. No total, foram registradas 103 especies de 69 generos e 35 familias, sendo as familias mais abundantes, Myrtaceae e Lauraceae. Dos seis fragmentos analisados, a Araucaria nao foi a principal especie apenas no Fragmento 6, o mais descaracterizado. O Fragmento 3, mesmo sendo o menor, apresentou os melhores resultados para biodiversidade (S = 64 e H’ = 3,390). O Teste de Hutcheson enfatizou que os Fragmentos 3 e 6 diferem dos demais, da mesma forma, o coeficiente de Jaccard tambem evidenciou menor similaridade floristica entre esses dois fragmentos em relacao aos demais. Concluiu-se que ha elevada heterogeneidade entre pequenos fragmentos florestais proximos, alem de evidenciar a disparidade em relacao a grandes remanescentes. EnglishThe objective of this research was to analyze the floristic characteristics of six fragments of Mixed Ombrophylous Forest located in small rural properties located in Fernandes Pin","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43976358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-13DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.DICIEMBRE.124-135
Ángel Manuel Carrión Rodríguez, Rayan Wolf, Dayane Freitas de Medeiros, Erly Cardoso Teixeira
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) considers that some measures of environmental degradation would increase in the early stages of economic growth and, upon reaching a certain level of income, degradation would decrease. In view of the environmental impacts that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul has suffered, this article aims to investigate the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for the state, trying to identify the relationship between deforestation and economic growth. For this, data from 2008 were used, using a spatial econometric methodology, with self-spatial correlation indexes. The results indicated that there is no evidence that the Environmental Kuznets Curve has been inverted for the state, explained by the fact that the curve is in its initial stage, since the MS state economy is extremely dependent on the agricultural sector and having characteristics of an economy still in development, still in the initial stage of the Kuznets Environmental Curve.
{"title":"Estimativa da Curva de Kuznets ambiental para o Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul","authors":"Ángel Manuel Carrión Rodríguez, Rayan Wolf, Dayane Freitas de Medeiros, Erly Cardoso Teixeira","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.DICIEMBRE.124-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.DICIEMBRE.124-135","url":null,"abstract":"The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) considers that some measures of environmental degradation would increase in the early stages of economic growth and, upon reaching a certain level of income, degradation would decrease. In view of the environmental impacts that the state of Mato Grosso do Sul has suffered, this article aims to investigate the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve for the state, trying to identify the relationship between deforestation and economic growth. For this, data from 2008 were used, using a spatial econometric methodology, with self-spatial correlation indexes. The results indicated that there is no evidence that the Environmental Kuznets Curve has been inverted for the state, explained by the fact that the curve is in its initial stage, since the MS state economy is extremely dependent on the agricultural sector and having characteristics of an economy still in development, still in the initial stage of the Kuznets Environmental Curve.","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41798605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.23-30
Ernane Ervino Pfüller, Douglas Bueno Santos, Rogério Ferreira Aires, Maria del Pilar Galeano Samaniego
{"title":"Phenological aspects and productivity of summer species for soil coverage in Vacaria, RS","authors":"Ernane Ervino Pfüller, Douglas Bueno Santos, Rogério Ferreira Aires, Maria del Pilar Galeano Samaniego","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.23-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.23-30","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45621619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.43-53
V. Cano, M. Quero
The impact of the EU-MERCOSUR Regional Association Agreement, which has been under negotiation since 2000, has been widely studied with an emphasis on Brazil and Argentina, before Paraguay and Uruguay. Models that provide aggregate results and not products as negotiated have been used. Taking these into consideration the research focused on Paraguay with the objective of identifying products exported by this country to MERCOSUR, which could be substituted by similar ones from the EU, once the Agreement is implemented. The identification was made at the level of sub headings of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding Systems (HS) usingtrade indicators.The data used was the trade average from 2010-2012, the most updated at the time the study started.Trade data were from the World Bank database known as WITS (World Integrated Trade Solutions), and MERCOSUR ́s tariff data from the Common External Tariff website. The most threatened sub headings of being replaced or displaced from MERCOSUR had a low weight in Paraguayan exports. However, for several products, MERCOSUR was the only or the most important market. The disaggregation by categories facilitated identifying the threatened products and quantifying the importance of the regional market for them. Most products with substitution threats were manufactures. These results lead to the conclusion that the Agreement will negatively affect mainly the manufacturing industry in Paraguay.
{"title":"Paraguay´s export to MERCOSUR. Sub heading threatened by de UE-MERCOSUR trade agreement","authors":"V. Cano, M. Quero","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.43-53","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of the EU-MERCOSUR Regional Association Agreement, which has been under negotiation since 2000, has been widely studied with an emphasis on Brazil and Argentina, before Paraguay and Uruguay. Models that provide aggregate results and not products as negotiated have been used. Taking these into consideration the research focused on Paraguay with the objective of identifying products exported by this country to MERCOSUR, which could be substituted by similar ones from the EU, once the Agreement is implemented. The identification was made at the level of sub headings of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding Systems (HS) usingtrade indicators.The data used was the trade average from 2010-2012, the most updated at the time the study started.Trade data were from the World Bank database known as WITS (World Integrated Trade Solutions), and MERCOSUR ́s tariff data from the Common External Tariff website. The most threatened sub headings of being replaced or displaced from MERCOSUR had a low weight in Paraguayan exports. However, for several products, MERCOSUR was the only or the most important market. The disaggregation by categories facilitated identifying the threatened products and quantifying the importance of the regional market for them. Most products with substitution threats were manufactures. These results lead to the conclusion that the Agreement will negatively affect mainly the manufacturing industry in Paraguay.","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48675762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.65-72
V. H. Lallana, A. Michel, L. F. García
{"title":"Flowering, fructification and seed production in plants of Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay y H.R. Sweet (Orquidaceae)","authors":"V. H. Lallana, A. Michel, L. F. García","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.65-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.65-72","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.54-64
J. I. Encinas, R. C. Nóbrega, J. Woo, Natália Oliveira Ramos
{"title":"SIG delimitation of an area of the ecoregion Humid Chaco to the right bank of the Paraguay river","authors":"J. I. Encinas, R. C. Nóbrega, J. Woo, Natália Oliveira Ramos","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.54-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.54-64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.31-42
Alex Lázaro Tineo Bermúdez, Pepe Ayala Prado, C. Carranza
The methodology of response surfaces, originally introduced by Box and Hunter in 1951, has allowed the development of several designs, such as the San Cristóbal Design developed by Rojas in 1962, for research with fertilizers (Chacín, 1998). In order to determine the influence of the application of levels (0 to 360 kg ha) of N and P2O5 on the tomato yield and the similarity of the surface models, estimated by response surface designs, the present research in environments of the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH), in Ayacucho, Peru. Tomato was cultivated in a protected environment, using four surface designs (Central Composite Design Rotable: DCCR, Design San Cristóbal: DSC, Design July 3: D3J and Complete Factorial: DFC). The results show that the yields of tomato fruits obey the models: Y = 12292 + 104.77794*N + 87.27649*P2O5 0.12524*N2 0.13156*P2O52 0.05242*N*P2O5 (DCCR); Y = 13121 + 102.98407*N + 51.88371*P2O5 0.14659*N2 0.02645*P2O52 + 0.00512*N*P2O5 (D3J); Y = 13255 + 120.28556*N + 97.79306*P2O5 0.24539*N2 0.16289*P2O52 + 0.07365*N*P2O5 (DSC); Y = 11401 + 103.54156*N + 83.1667*P2O5 0.17911*N2 0.14172*P2O52 + 0.0747*N*P2O5 (DFC). It is concluded that: 1. N (urea) has a greater influence than P2O5 (triple superphosphate) on the yield of tomato fruits; 2. There is greater similarity between the estimated values corresponding to the DCCR and D3J designs, with those of the DFC, showing better results at average levels of N and P2O5 (180 kg ha).
响应面方法最初是由Box和Hunter在1951年引入的，已经允许几种设计的发展，例如Rojas在1962年开发的San Cristóbal设计，用于肥料的研究(Chacín, 1998)。为了确定N和P2O5施用水平(0 ~ 360 kg ha)对番茄产量的影响以及响应面设计估计的表面模型的相似性，本研究在秘鲁阿亚库乔的圣Cristóbal德瓦曼加国立大学(UNSCH)的环境中进行。番茄在受保护的环境中种植，采用四种表面设计(中心复合设计旋转:DCCR，设计San Cristóbal: DSC，设计July 3: D3J和完全析因:DFC)。结果表明，番茄果实产量服从模型:Y = 12292 + 104.77794*N + 87.27649*P2O5 0.12524*N2 0.13156*P2O52 0.05242*N*P2O5 (DCCR);Y = 13121 + 102.98407* n + 51.88371* p2o5 0.14659* n2 0.02645* p2o52 + 0.00512* n * p2o5 (d3j);Y = 13255 + 120.28556* n + 97.79306* p2o5 0.24539* n2 0.16289* p2o52 + 0.07365* n * p2o5 (dsc)Y = 11401 + 103.54156* n + 83.1667* p2o5 0.17911* n2 0.14172* p2o52 + 0.0747* n * p2o5 (dfc)。研究结果表明:1。N(尿素)对番茄果实产量的影响大于P2O5(三重过磷酸钙);2. DCCR和D3J设计的估计值与DFC设计的估计值有更大的相似性，在平均N和P2O5水平(180 kg ha)下显示出更好的结果。
{"title":"Surface designs to determine the levels of N and P that maximize yield of tomato","authors":"Alex Lázaro Tineo Bermúdez, Pepe Ayala Prado, C. Carranza","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.31-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.31-42","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology of response surfaces, originally introduced by Box and Hunter in 1951, has allowed the development of several designs, such as the San Cristóbal Design developed by Rojas in 1962, for research with fertilizers (Chacín, 1998). In order to determine the influence of the application of levels (0 to 360 kg ha) of N and P2O5 on the tomato yield and the similarity of the surface models, estimated by response surface designs, the present research in environments of the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga (UNSCH), in Ayacucho, Peru. Tomato was cultivated in a protected environment, using four surface designs (Central Composite Design Rotable: DCCR, Design San Cristóbal: DSC, Design July 3: D3J and Complete Factorial: DFC). The results show that the yields of tomato fruits obey the models: Y = 12292 + 104.77794*N + 87.27649*P2O5 0.12524*N2 0.13156*P2O52 0.05242*N*P2O5 (DCCR); Y = 13121 + 102.98407*N + 51.88371*P2O5 0.14659*N2 0.02645*P2O52 + 0.00512*N*P2O5 (D3J); Y = 13255 + 120.28556*N + 97.79306*P2O5 0.24539*N2 0.16289*P2O52 + 0.07365*N*P2O5 (DSC); Y = 11401 + 103.54156*N + 83.1667*P2O5 0.17911*N2 0.14172*P2O52 + 0.0747*N*P2O5 (DFC). It is concluded that: 1. N (urea) has a greater influence than P2O5 (triple superphosphate) on the yield of tomato fruits; 2. There is greater similarity between the estimated values corresponding to the DCCR and D3J designs, with those of the DFC, showing better results at average levels of N and P2O5 (180 kg ha).","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67547745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.11-22
J. Bonnin, Rubén Franco Ibars, Pedro Aníbal Vera Ojeda, J. Avalos
The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the nitrogen dose variation (N) on the reflectance properties of the cotton por culture, through an optical sensor. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the FCA/UNA. Subsidiary Santa Rosa, Misiones. The cotton cultivars evaluated were IAN-425 and IPTA-212. The doses of N used were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha, in the form of urea, with an experimental design of random blocks in divided plots, where the main plots were the cultivars and the subplots by the dose of N. The results were subjected to a comparison of means (Tukey p<0.05). The NDVI values obtained by the sensor were significantly influenced (p<0.05) as a function of the N doses applied to the plant, based on the evaluations made at 76 DDE, regardless of the type of cultivar, where they were recorded. the highest spectral values (0.85 and 0.84) with the N dose of 250 kg ha. In spite of not detecting significant differences between the cultivars, neither in the doses of nitrogen applied to the plants, as well as in the interaction of the studied factors (Cultivar x Dosage) in the yield of fiber in branch, we can emphasize that the average yield of the cultivar IAN-425 was 3,143.17 kg ha and in turn, the cultivar IPTA-212 obtained an average yield of 3,036.91 kg ha, results that far exceed the national average yield of 1,180 kg ha for the harvest 2015/2016.
本研究的目的是通过光学传感器评价氮素剂量变化(N)对棉花贫瘠栽培的反射特性的影响。研究是在FCA/UNA的实验领域进行的。圣罗莎分公司，米西奥内斯。鉴定的棉花品种为IAN-425和IPTA-212。施氮量分别为0、50、100、150、200和250 kg ha，以尿素形式施氮，试验设计为随机区，按施氮量以品种为主要区，以次区为次要区，结果采用均数比较(Tukey p<0.05)。根据76 DDE进行的评估，无论记录的品种类型如何，传感器获得的NDVI值作为施氮剂量的函数都受到显著影响(p<0.05)。当N剂量为250 kg ha时，光谱值最高，分别为0.85和0.84。尽管没有检测品种之间的显著差异,无论是在剂量的氮应用于植物,以及互动的研究因素(品种x剂量)在分支纤维的产量,我们可以强调的平均产量品种伊恩- 425 3143 .17公斤公顷,反过来,品种ipta - 212获得的平均产量3036 .91点公斤哈,结果远远超过全国平均产量1180公斤2015/2016公顷的收成。
{"title":"Capacity of a terrestrial optical sensor as a tool to detect nitrogen deficiency in cotton crop por cultivation","authors":"J. Bonnin, Rubén Franco Ibars, Pedro Aníbal Vera Ojeda, J. Avalos","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.11-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.11-22","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of the nitrogen dose variation (N) on the reflectance properties of the cotton por culture, through an optical sensor. The research was conducted in the experimental field of the FCA/UNA. Subsidiary Santa Rosa, Misiones. The cotton cultivars evaluated were IAN-425 and IPTA-212. The doses of N used were 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha, in the form of urea, with an experimental design of random blocks in divided plots, where the main plots were the cultivars and the subplots by the dose of N. The results were subjected to a comparison of means (Tukey p<0.05). The NDVI values obtained by the sensor were significantly influenced (p<0.05) as a function of the N doses applied to the plant, based on the evaluations made at 76 DDE, regardless of the type of cultivar, where they were recorded. the highest spectral values (0.85 and 0.84) with the N dose of 250 kg ha. In spite of not detecting significant differences between the cultivars, neither in the doses of nitrogen applied to the plants, as well as in the interaction of the studied factors (Cultivar x Dosage) in the yield of fiber in branch, we can emphasize that the average yield of the cultivar IAN-425 was 3,143.17 kg ha and in turn, the cultivar IPTA-212 obtained an average yield of 3,036.91 kg ha, results that far exceed the national average yield of 1,180 kg ha for the harvest 2015/2016.","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43057692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.73-80
María Lezcano, Victor Rodolfo Almada Vera, Luis Roberto González Segnana, Ulises Riveros Insfrán
One of the main problems in agricultural production is the variation in the amount and distribution of rainfall, resulting in periods of drought affecting crop production and sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination and growth of three soybean varieties in different osmotic potentials obtained with polyethylene glycol. The experiment was performedat the Laboratory ofAnalysis and Quality of Seeds, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the National University of Asunción. Three soybean varieties were studied (RA-626, FCEP-55 and A-5543) exposed to five osmotic levels (0,0;-0,2;-0,4;0,6 y -0,8 MPa), deduced from the formula Michell and Kaufman. The variables analyzed were: percentage of germination, height of the plants and dry matter, and tolerance under water stress conditions. The design used was completely random with a factorial arrangement. The treatments will be randomized complete factorial arrangement. The data were analyzed through analysis of variance and by the Duncan test at 5%. The results showed that the decrease in the osmotic potential induced by PEG6000, is negative in the simulation of drought in soybean seeds. The osmotic potential of 0.60MPa induced by PEG 6000 prevents germination and vigor of soybean seeds. It is concluded that variety A-5543 showed the greatest tolerance under water stress conditions under study.
{"title":"Effect of different osmotic potentials using polyethylene glycol on the germination and growth of seedlings of three varieties of soybean","authors":"María Lezcano, Victor Rodolfo Almada Vera, Luis Roberto González Segnana, Ulises Riveros Insfrán","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.73-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.73-80","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main problems in agricultural production is the variation in the amount and distribution of rainfall, resulting in periods of drought affecting crop production and sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the germination and growth of three soybean varieties in different osmotic potentials obtained with polyethylene glycol. The experiment was performedat the Laboratory ofAnalysis and Quality of Seeds, Faculty of Agrarian Sciences of the National University of Asunción. Three soybean varieties were studied (RA-626, FCEP-55 and A-5543) exposed to five osmotic levels (0,0;-0,2;-0,4;0,6 y -0,8 MPa), deduced from the formula Michell and Kaufman. The variables analyzed were: percentage of germination, height of the plants and dry matter, and tolerance under water stress conditions. The design used was completely random with a factorial arrangement. The treatments will be randomized complete factorial arrangement. The data were analyzed through analysis of variance and by the Duncan test at 5%. The results showed that the decrease in the osmotic potential induced by PEG6000, is negative in the simulation of drought in soybean seeds. The osmotic potential of 0.60MPa induced by PEG 6000 prevents germination and vigor of soybean seeds. It is concluded that variety A-5543 showed the greatest tolerance under water stress conditions under study.","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46138428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-28DOI: 10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.1-10
Alcira S. Valdez-Ibañez, À. D. Bosch-Serra, M. R. Yagüe-Carrasco
Earthworms play an important role in the maintenance of soil ecosystem services. Their presence and activity are influenced by agricultural practices as fertilization. The objective of this research was to identify earthworm species and to quantify their abundance and biomass in a field experiment where different fertilization strategies were applied for a period of 12 years. The experiment was carried out under a semiarid Mediterranean climate, in a fallow year of a rainfed cereal system. Fertilization strategies were based on pig slurries from fattening pigs (PE) and from sows (PM) at different fresh doses distributed in six treatments: three treatments only included PE (one rate was 30 t ha−1 yr−1 applied at pre-sowing, and the other two treatments received 40 and 60 t ha−1 yr−1 applied at cereal tillering), two treatments only included PM (60 and 90 t ha−1 yr−1 applied at cereal tillering) and the last, it combined PE and PM (30 t ha−1 yr−1 of PE at pre-sowing plus 90 t ha−1 yr−1 of PM at cereal tillering). Fertilization included a mineral fertilization treatment (0−FM) acting as a control. There were no variations in the abundance and biomass of earthworms registered according to the type of fertilization. Two earthworm species were identified. The endogeic species Koinodrilus roseus was the most abundant (80%−100%). The anecic species Nicodrilus trapezoides was not detected in plots receiving the two highest doses of PE at cereal tillering. The absence of N. trapezoides can be considered as a bioindicator of PE over-fertilization.
蚯蚓在维持土壤生态系统服务中起着重要作用。它们的存在和活动受到施肥等农业实践的影响。本研究的目的是在为期12年的不同施肥策略的田间试验中鉴定蚯蚓种类并量化其丰度和生物量。实验是在半干旱的地中海气候下进行的，当时是雨养谷物系统的休耕年。施肥策略以育肥猪(PE)和母猪(PM)不同鲜量的猪浆为基础，分布在6个处理中:三个处理只包括PE(一个在播种前施用30 t / h - 1年- 1，另外两个处理在分蘖期施用40和60 t / h - 1年- 1)，两个处理只包括PM(在分蘖期施用60和90 t / h - 1年- 1)，最后一个处理是PE和PM相结合(播种前施用30 t / h - 1年- 1 PE加上分蘖期施用90 t / h - 1年- 1 PM)。施肥包括一个矿物施肥处理(0−FM)作为对照。蚯蚓的丰度和生物量没有因施肥类型而变化。鉴定出两种蚯蚓。其中以内生种Koinodrilus roseus最多(80% ~ 100%)。在分蘖期施用两个最高剂量PE的样地，未检出奇效种。梯形氮虱的缺失可以作为PE过度施肥的一个生物指标。
{"title":"Fertilization with pig slurry: impacts on earthworms in rainfed agriculture","authors":"Alcira S. Valdez-Ibañez, À. D. Bosch-Serra, M. R. Yagüe-Carrasco","doi":"10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.1-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18004/INVESTIG.AGRAR.2019.JUNIO.1-10","url":null,"abstract":"Earthworms play an important role in the maintenance of soil ecosystem services. Their presence and activity are influenced by agricultural practices as fertilization. The objective of this research was to identify earthworm species and to quantify their abundance and biomass in a field experiment where different fertilization strategies were applied for a period of 12 years. The experiment was carried out under a semiarid Mediterranean climate, in a fallow year of a rainfed cereal system. Fertilization strategies were based on pig slurries from fattening pigs (PE) and from sows (PM) at different fresh doses distributed in six treatments: three treatments only included PE (one rate was 30 t ha−1 yr−1 applied at pre-sowing, and the other two treatments received 40 and 60 t ha−1 yr−1 applied at cereal tillering), two treatments only included PM (60 and 90 t ha−1 yr−1 applied at cereal tillering) and the last, it combined PE and PM (30 t ha−1 yr−1 of PE at pre-sowing plus 90 t ha−1 yr−1 of PM at cereal tillering). Fertilization included a mineral fertilization treatment (0−FM) acting as a control. There were no variations in the abundance and biomass of earthworms registered according to the type of fertilization. Two earthworm species were identified. The endogeic species Koinodrilus roseus was the most abundant (80%−100%). The anecic species Nicodrilus trapezoides was not detected in plots receiving the two highest doses of PE at cereal tillering. The absence of N. trapezoides can be considered as a bioindicator of PE over-fertilization.","PeriodicalId":52991,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Agraria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67547703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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