1 www.kosinmedj.org Hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy occurs in up to 46% of patients temporarily and in 6.6% permanently [1,2]. It may be caused by inadvertent removal or devascularization of the parathyroid gland during surgery [3]. Therefore, surgeons should identify the parathyroid gland and preserve its vasculature to preserve the function. Even for experienced surgeons, post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism is unavoidable in some cases, and the incidence may be higher for less experienced surgeons [4]. Management of post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism includes supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, perorally or intravenously [5]. There have been several studies demonstrating the advantages of prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation before surgery to prevent post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia [6-9]. In a retrospective study of 65 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, Maxwell et al. [7] presented that preoperative calcium and calcitriol supplementation for 5 days, in addition to routine postoperative supplementation, was associated with reduced incidence Editorial
{"title":"Is there enough evidence to recommend preoperative calcium and vitamin D in patients who undergo total thyroidectomy?","authors":"H. Lee","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.125","url":null,"abstract":"1 www.kosinmedj.org Hypoparathyroidism or hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy occurs in up to 46% of patients temporarily and in 6.6% permanently [1,2]. It may be caused by inadvertent removal or devascularization of the parathyroid gland during surgery [3]. Therefore, surgeons should identify the parathyroid gland and preserve its vasculature to preserve the function. Even for experienced surgeons, post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism is unavoidable in some cases, and the incidence may be higher for less experienced surgeons [4]. Management of post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism includes supplementation of calcium and vitamin D, perorally or intravenously [5]. There have been several studies demonstrating the advantages of prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation before surgery to prevent post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia [6-9]. In a retrospective study of 65 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, Maxwell et al. [7] presented that preoperative calcium and calcitriol supplementation for 5 days, in addition to routine postoperative supplementation, was associated with reduced incidence Editorial","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42232396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. J. Lee, Chang Min Heo, Sihyung Park, I. Kim, Jin Han Park, Junghae Ko, B. Park, Y. Kim
Background: Copeptin is the carboxyl-terminal part of the vasopressin precursor protein, and its concentration is an independent predictor of the onset of chronic kidney disease and a rapid decline in the glomerular filtration rate. The glomerular filtration rate is regarded as the best indicator of kidney transplant function and is a predictor of graft and patient survival. We investigated the clinical significance of copeptin as an early predictor of renal graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. Methods: We measured serum creatinine, cystatin C, and copeptin concentrations in renal transplant recipients on the day of their operation, as well as on postoperative days 3, 7, 30, and 365. Acute rejection was defined as a sudden decrease in renal function ac-companied by histological changes. Results: Eight renal transplant recipients were enrolled in the study from July 2018 to December 2019. Four patients experienced histologically confirmed transplant rejection. All four cases involved acute T-cell rejection. No significant correlation was found between the copeptin level and the presence or absence of rejection at any time point. In subgroup analyses, changes in creatinine, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, cystatin, and copeptin did not show statistical significance. Conclusions: We anticipated that copeptin would be useful to identify individuals at high risk of transplant rejection; however, our study failed to show an association. Further research will be needed to overcome the limitations of this study.
{"title":"Clinical significance of copeptin as an early predictor of renal graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients","authors":"Y. J. Lee, Chang Min Heo, Sihyung Park, I. Kim, Jin Han Park, Junghae Ko, B. Park, Y. Kim","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.107","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Copeptin is the carboxyl-terminal part of the vasopressin precursor protein, and its concentration is an independent predictor of the onset of chronic kidney disease and a rapid decline in the glomerular filtration rate. The glomerular filtration rate is regarded as the best indicator of kidney transplant function and is a predictor of graft and patient survival. We investigated the clinical significance of copeptin as an early predictor of renal graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients. Methods: We measured serum creatinine, cystatin C, and copeptin concentrations in renal transplant recipients on the day of their operation, as well as on postoperative days 3, 7, 30, and 365. Acute rejection was defined as a sudden decrease in renal function ac-companied by histological changes. Results: Eight renal transplant recipients were enrolled in the study from July 2018 to December 2019. Four patients experienced histologically confirmed transplant rejection. All four cases involved acute T-cell rejection. No significant correlation was found between the copeptin level and the presence or absence of rejection at any time point. In subgroup analyses, changes in creatinine, the estimated glomerular filtration rate, cystatin, and copeptin did not show statistical significance. Conclusions: We anticipated that copeptin would be useful to identify individuals at high risk of transplant rejection; however, our study failed to show an association. Further research will be needed to overcome the limitations of this study.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45892388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyeyeon Moon, J. Seok, Keunyoung Kim, Hye Young Kim, M. Park, I. Kim, Kyoungjune Pak, S. Suh
Background: Postsurgical hypocalcemia is the most common and troublesome consequence of thyroidectomy. We investigated the potential role of routine calcium or vitamin D supplementation in preventing postsurgical hypocalcemia. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase for English-language publications using the keywords “calcium,” “vitamin D,” and “thyroid cancer.” The primary outcome was any postoperative hypocalcemia, and the secondary outcome was symptomatic hypocalcemia. Results: Four studies that included 381 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. A random-effects model showed no significant difference in the occurrence of hypocalcemia between calcium/vitamin D treatment and placebo/no treatment. However, the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was lower in patients with calcium/vitamin D treatment. In the combined results, preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation were associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia. Conclusions: Our findings support the use of preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with routine postsurgical supplementation for patients after total thyroidectomy.
{"title":"Effectiveness of prophylactic calcium and vitamin D supplementation for preventing post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia: a meta-analysis","authors":"Hyeyeon Moon, J. Seok, Keunyoung Kim, Hye Young Kim, M. Park, I. Kim, Kyoungjune Pak, S. Suh","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postsurgical hypocalcemia is the most common and troublesome consequence of thyroidectomy. We investigated the potential role of routine calcium or vitamin D supplementation in preventing postsurgical hypocalcemia. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase for English-language publications using the keywords “calcium,” “vitamin D,” and “thyroid cancer.” The primary outcome was any postoperative hypocalcemia, and the secondary outcome was symptomatic hypocalcemia. Results: Four studies that included 381 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. A random-effects model showed no significant difference in the occurrence of hypocalcemia between calcium/vitamin D treatment and placebo/no treatment. However, the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia was lower in patients with calcium/vitamin D treatment. In the combined results, preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation were associated with a reduced incidence of symptomatic hypocalcemia. Conclusions: Our findings support the use of preoperative calcium and vitamin D supplementation in conjunction with routine postsurgical supplementation for patients after total thyroidectomy.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
genetic alterations observed in other histologic types of breast cancer. These genetic features support the importance of conventional microscopic evaluations for the pathologic differential diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in routine practice. A variety of breast lesions, including mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and mucocele-like lesions, as well as mucinous carcinoma from other organs, can mimic mucinous carcinoma of the breast. In order to obtain an accurate pathologic diagnosis, careful evaluation of the overall histopathologic characteristics and ancillary testing are required to provide information on appropriate treatment and prognosis.
{"title":"Mucinous carcinoma of the breast: distinctive histopathologic and genetic characteristics","authors":"M. Jung","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.022","url":null,"abstract":"genetic alterations observed in other histologic types of breast cancer. These genetic features support the importance of conventional microscopic evaluations for the pathologic differential diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in routine practice. A variety of breast lesions, including mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and mucocele-like lesions, as well as mucinous carcinoma from other organs, can mimic mucinous carcinoma of the breast. In order to obtain an accurate pathologic diagnosis, careful evaluation of the overall histopathologic characteristics and ancillary testing are required to provide information on appropriate treatment and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45147820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In-Hu Kim, Heock Lee, Bo-Hyoung Kang, Dong Hyun Lee, Y. Nam, M. Roh, S. Um
Anhydrous ammonia is a commonly used chemical in industry. Ammonia gas inhalation causes thermal injuries and alkali burns in the airway and lung parenchyma. Previous case reports have stated that respiratory sequelae after acute ammonia inhalation burns were associated with structural lung disease, such as bronchiectasis or interstitial lung disease. We herein report two cases of long-term sequelae with persistent airflow limitation after ammonia inhalation burns.
{"title":"Chronic obstructive lung disease after ammonia inhalation burns: a report of two cases","authors":"In-Hu Kim, Heock Lee, Bo-Hyoung Kang, Dong Hyun Lee, Y. Nam, M. Roh, S. Um","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.004","url":null,"abstract":"Anhydrous ammonia is a commonly used chemical in industry. Ammonia gas inhalation causes thermal injuries and alkali burns in the airway and lung parenchyma. Previous case reports have stated that respiratory sequelae after acute ammonia inhalation burns were associated with structural lung disease, such as bronchiectasis or interstitial lung disease. We herein report two cases of long-term sequelae with persistent airflow limitation after ammonia inhalation burns.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43836339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soree Ryang, Wook Yi, Mijin Kim, S. H. Song, Byung Joo Lee, B. Kim
range: range: 8.5–10.3 mg/dL). Ultrasonography showed hypoechoic nodules in the posterior part of both glands. All three nodules showed increased uptake on a 99m Tc sestamibi scan. The underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation to the right forearm. Histopathology findings showed three PCs with capsular invasion and one parathyroid hyperplasia. In the immediate postoperative period, the iPTH level dropped from 1,446.8 to 82.4 pg/dL and, after 1 month, to 4.0 pg/dL. This patient needed oral calcium carbonate and active vitamin D to maintain appropriate serum calcium levels. Although multiple PCs are rare, they can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, clinicians should suspect multiple PCs when patients’ serum iPTH levels are exceptionally high. Additionally, since PCs could occur in multiple glands, autotransplantation of the parathyroid gland after parathyroidectomy should be done carefully.
{"title":"Secondary hyperparathyroidism due to multiple parathyroid carcinomas in a patient with chronic hemodialysis: a case report","authors":"Soree Ryang, Wook Yi, Mijin Kim, S. H. Song, Byung Joo Lee, B. Kim","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.103","url":null,"abstract":"range: range: 8.5–10.3 mg/dL). Ultrasonography showed hypoechoic nodules in the posterior part of both glands. All three nodules showed increased uptake on a 99m Tc sestamibi scan. The underwent total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation to the right forearm. Histopathology findings showed three PCs with capsular invasion and one parathyroid hyperplasia. In the immediate postoperative period, the iPTH level dropped from 1,446.8 to 82.4 pg/dL and, after 1 month, to 4.0 pg/dL. This patient needed oral calcium carbonate and active vitamin D to maintain appropriate serum calcium levels. Although multiple PCs are rare, they can cause secondary hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, clinicians should suspect multiple PCs when patients’ serum iPTH levels are exceptionally high. Additionally, since PCs could occur in multiple glands, autotransplantation of the parathyroid gland after parathyroidectomy should be done carefully.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) over the course of their disease. As EIMs can involve nearly every organ, and strongly influence the quality of life, early recognition and adequate treatment are necessary to prevent severe morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a highly severe and debilitating skin condition that occurs in 1% to 10% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Thromboembolic events are also serious EIMs and usually present as deep vein thromboses in the legs or as pulmonary embolisms. A 19-year-old woman presented with bloody diarrhea lasting for 3 months and deep ulceration on the right foot. She was diagnosed with UC. The patient's skin lesions did not improve with intravenous corticosteroids and oral mesalazine. After she was started on infliximab, we observed rapid resolution of the skin lesions. She continued to complain of mild dyspnea while in the hospital. Computed tomography performed using the thromboembolism protocol revealed pulmonary thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis. The patient underwent anticoagulant therapy with low-molecu-lar-weight heparin, and her dyspnea gradually improved. Anticoagulation was continued with warfarin. It is rare for IBD patients to have multiple EIMs; however, this case demonstrates that multiple EIMs are a possible presentation in UC and underscores the im-portance of a meticulous clinical examination and adequate evaluation in the management of IBD patients presenting with EIMs.
{"title":"Multiple extraintestinal manifestations in a patient with acute severe ulcerative colitis: a case report","authors":"Eunyoung Park, D. Baek, Seung Min Hong, G. Song","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.027","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk for extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) over the course of their disease. As EIMs can involve nearly every organ, and strongly influence the quality of life, early recognition and adequate treatment are necessary to prevent severe morbidity and mortality in affected patients. Pyoderma gangrenosum is a highly severe and debilitating skin condition that occurs in 1% to 10% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Thromboembolic events are also serious EIMs and usually present as deep vein thromboses in the legs or as pulmonary embolisms. A 19-year-old woman presented with bloody diarrhea lasting for 3 months and deep ulceration on the right foot. She was diagnosed with UC. The patient's skin lesions did not improve with intravenous corticosteroids and oral mesalazine. After she was started on infliximab, we observed rapid resolution of the skin lesions. She continued to complain of mild dyspnea while in the hospital. Computed tomography performed using the thromboembolism protocol revealed pulmonary thromboembolism and deep venous thrombosis. The patient underwent anticoagulant therapy with low-molecu-lar-weight heparin, and her dyspnea gradually improved. Anticoagulation was continued with warfarin. It is rare for IBD patients to have multiple EIMs; however, this case demonstrates that multiple EIMs are a possible presentation in UC and underscores the im-portance of a meticulous clinical examination and adequate evaluation in the management of IBD patients presenting with EIMs.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Park, Kyungwon Seo, Hyeon Soo Kim, S. Im, B. Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, J. Heo
Background: Several studies have reported associations between obesity and autonomic dysfunction. However, little research has investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery (HRR) in the treadmill test and heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter monitoring. We investigated the effects of bariatric surgery on HRR and HRV, which are parameters related to autonomic dysfunction. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2019. The treadmill test, 24-hour Holter monitoring, and echocardiography were performed before and 6 months after surgery. We compared the changes in HRR in the treadmill test and HRV parameters such as the time domain and spectral domain in 24-hour Holter monitoring before and after surgery. Results: Of the 40 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, 25 patients had the treadmill test or 24-hour Holter monitoring both before and after surgery. Body weight and body mass index significantly decreased after surgery (112.86±24.37 kg vs. 89.10±20.26 kg, p <0.001; 39.22±5.69 kg/m 2 vs. 31.00±5.09 kg/m 2 , p <0.001, respectively). HRR significantly increased (n=23; 43.00±20.97 beats/min vs. 64.29±18.49 beats/min, p =0.001). The time domain of HRV parameters increased (n=21; standard deviation of the N-N interval 123.57±28.05 ms vs. 152.57±39.49 ms, p =0.002 and mean N-N interval 791.57±88.84 ms vs. 869.05±126.31 ms, p =0.002). Conclusion: Our data showed that HRR after exercise and HRV during 24-hour Holter monitoring improved after weight reduction with bariatric surgery through improved cardiac autonomic function.
{"title":"Postoperative effects of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery and heart rate variability","authors":"H. Park, Kyungwon Seo, Hyeon Soo Kim, S. Im, B. Kim, Bu Kyung Kim, J. Heo","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several studies have reported associations between obesity and autonomic dysfunction. However, little research has investigated the effect of bariatric surgery on heart rate recovery (HRR) in the treadmill test and heart rate variability (HRV) in 24-hour Holter monitoring. We investigated the effects of bariatric surgery on HRR and HRV, which are parameters related to autonomic dysfunction. Methods: We retrospectively investigated patients who underwent bariatric surgery in 2019. The treadmill test, 24-hour Holter monitoring, and echocardiography were performed before and 6 months after surgery. We compared the changes in HRR in the treadmill test and HRV parameters such as the time domain and spectral domain in 24-hour Holter monitoring before and after surgery. Results: Of the 40 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, 25 patients had the treadmill test or 24-hour Holter monitoring both before and after surgery. Body weight and body mass index significantly decreased after surgery (112.86±24.37 kg vs. 89.10±20.26 kg, p <0.001; 39.22±5.69 kg/m 2 vs. 31.00±5.09 kg/m 2 , p <0.001, respectively). HRR significantly increased (n=23; 43.00±20.97 beats/min vs. 64.29±18.49 beats/min, p =0.001). The time domain of HRV parameters increased (n=21; standard deviation of the N-N interval 123.57±28.05 ms vs. 152.57±39.49 ms, p =0.002 and mean N-N interval 791.57±88.84 ms vs. 869.05±126.31 ms, p =0.002). Conclusion: Our data showed that HRR after exercise and HRV during 24-hour Holter monitoring improved after weight reduction with bariatric surgery through improved cardiac autonomic function.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42942545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medical research has become an important part of providing care to patients. Case reports published in medical journals can com-municate information to the medical community about rare or unreported features, conditions, complications, or interventions. Case reports are generally short, focusing on key components such as a summary and introduction, case presentation, and discussion. Authors now have access to free, continuously updated case reports of different types from multiple journals. This review introduces the process and mechanisms for how and when to prepare a case report. We briefly review the editorial process of each of these comple-mentary journals, along with author anecdotes, hoping to inspire authors to write and continue writing case reports; and discusses the essentials of a case report, aiming to provide guidelines for improving medical writing skills.
{"title":"How to write case reports in medicine","authors":"S. Im","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.109","url":null,"abstract":"Medical research has become an important part of providing care to patients. Case reports published in medical journals can com-municate information to the medical community about rare or unreported features, conditions, complications, or interventions. Case reports are generally short, focusing on key components such as a summary and introduction, case presentation, and discussion. Authors now have access to free, continuously updated case reports of different types from multiple journals. This review introduces the process and mechanisms for how and when to prepare a case report. We briefly review the editorial process of each of these comple-mentary journals, along with author anecdotes, hoping to inspire authors to write and continue writing case reports; and discusses the essentials of a case report, aiming to provide guidelines for improving medical writing skills.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49322657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Contact between the human pulmonary system and bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens can induce airway diseases. Although pathogen-induced mucus oversecretion and hyperproduction are frequently observed in the human respiratory tract, the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced mucus hypersecretion and overproduction remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological signaling mechanism of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells. Methods: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, a cytokine array, and a Ca 2+ concentration assay were performed to investigate the ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression levels in human airway epithelial cells. Results: The ATP/P2Y2 complex robustly secreted interleukin (IL)-6 in a time-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-P2Y2 did not. More-over, ATP/P2Y2 induced MUC8 gene expression. IL-6 secreted by ATP strongly elevated ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression compared to ATP/P2Y2. Interestingly, a specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, 5,15-DPP, dramatically inhibited ATP/P2Y2/IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in an approximately 5-fold decrease in MUC8 gene expression. Conclusion: We showed that IL-6-activated STAT6 is essential for ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression as part of inflammatory signaling by cytokines during airway inflammation. Our results provide a new molecular understanding of the signaling mechanism of MUC8 gene expression during airway inflammation.
{"title":"STAT3 inhibition decreases ATP-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells","authors":"C. Kim, K. Song","doi":"10.7180/kmj.22.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7180/kmj.22.102","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Contact between the human pulmonary system and bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens can induce airway diseases. Although pathogen-induced mucus oversecretion and hyperproduction are frequently observed in the human respiratory tract, the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-induced mucus hypersecretion and overproduction remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological signaling mechanism of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-induced MUC8 gene expression in human airway epithelial cells. Methods: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, a cytokine array, and a Ca 2+ concentration assay were performed to investigate the ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression levels in human airway epithelial cells. Results: The ATP/P2Y2 complex robustly secreted interleukin (IL)-6 in a time-dependent manner, whereas siRNA-P2Y2 did not. More-over, ATP/P2Y2 induced MUC8 gene expression. IL-6 secreted by ATP strongly elevated ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression compared to ATP/P2Y2. Interestingly, a specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor, 5,15-DPP, dramatically inhibited ATP/P2Y2/IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and resulted in an approximately 5-fold decrease in MUC8 gene expression. Conclusion: We showed that IL-6-activated STAT6 is essential for ATP/P2Y2-induced MUC8 gene expression as part of inflammatory signaling by cytokines during airway inflammation. Our results provide a new molecular understanding of the signaling mechanism of MUC8 gene expression during airway inflammation.","PeriodicalId":53015,"journal":{"name":"Kosin Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46670796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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