A framework for information and communication technologies (ICT) projects may address the discord of traditional project management and that, which is required for ICT projects within defence institutions. The problem is also underlined by the pace of technological development and the current application of compromised project management. Globally no specific project management methodology is prominently suitable for solution delivery within defence institutions. The aim of this research was to address the problem by the development of a framework for the project management of ICT projects for defence institutions. The research methods used to address the problem were dual with respect to a descriptive study. Secondary sources were utilised to describe a thorough background to the problem and secondly, a descriptive case study was used. The ICT function of the South African Department of Defence (DOD) was used for the case study. A synthesis of the data from both these sources guided the development of a framework. The final outcome was the development and enlightenment of a conceptual framework for the project management of ICT projects after considering the unique challenges of the military, the importance of upscaling agility and by reviewing project management methodologies. In conclusion, the conceptual framework proposes a hypothetically workable approach for the project management of ICT projects in defence institutions.
{"title":"Towards a project management framework for ICT projects in defence institutions","authors":"Sean Filmalter, R. Steenkamp","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1333","url":null,"abstract":"A framework for information and communication technologies (ICT) projects may address the discord of traditional project management and that, which is required for ICT projects within defence institutions. The problem is also underlined by the pace of technological development and the current application of compromised project management. Globally no specific project management methodology is prominently suitable for solution delivery within defence institutions. The aim of this research was to address the problem by the development of a framework for the project management of ICT projects for defence institutions. The research methods used to address the problem were dual with respect to a descriptive study. Secondary sources were utilised to describe a thorough background to the problem and secondly, a descriptive case study was used. The ICT function of the South African Department of Defence (DOD) was used for the case study. A synthesis of the data from both these sources guided the development of a framework. The final outcome was the development and enlightenment of a conceptual framework for the project management of ICT projects after considering the unique challenges of the military, the importance of upscaling agility and by reviewing project management methodologies. In conclusion, the conceptual framework proposes a hypothetically workable approach for the project management of ICT projects in defence institutions.","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84364940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prisoner 913: The release of Nelson Mandela","authors":"W. Du Plessis","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87652883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
South Africa is the only country in the world that successfully acquired a nuclear deterrent capability in the form of six nuclear devices and dismantled them completely. Extant explanations include strategic reasons, i.e.., its security conditions changed subsequent to the removal of the Soviet threat after the Soviet collapse in 1989 and an end of superpower rivalry in Africa; South Africa’s increasing isolation on account of apartheid; pressure from the US, and concerns about undeclared nuclear technology falling in the hands of a Black-led government. Whereas these factors potentially contributed to the eventual dismantlement, the world-wide campaign led by domestic and transnational movements that sought to make moral claims by connecting the cause of anti-apartheid to that of anti-nuclear likely played a role. I apply Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to the South Africa case to explore the role played by moral claims in the eventual disarmament.
{"title":"Role of moral foundations in the nuclear disarmament of South Africa","authors":"Arunjana Das","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1331","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is the only country in the world that successfully acquired a nuclear deterrent capability in the form of six nuclear devices and dismantled them completely. Extant explanations include strategic reasons, i.e.., its security conditions changed subsequent to the removal of the Soviet threat after the Soviet collapse in 1989 and an end of superpower rivalry in Africa; South Africa’s increasing isolation on account of apartheid; pressure from the US, and concerns about undeclared nuclear technology falling in the hands of a Black-led government. Whereas these factors potentially contributed to the eventual dismantlement, the world-wide campaign led by domestic and transnational movements that sought to make moral claims by connecting the cause of anti-apartheid to that of anti-nuclear likely played a role. I apply Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) to the South Africa case to explore the role played by moral claims in the eventual disarmament.","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90305731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Apartheid’s black soldiers: Un-national wars and militaries in Southern Africa","authors":"Evert Kleynhans","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1354","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75372533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blood money: Stories of an ex-Recce’s missions as a private military contractor in Iraq","authors":"C. Punt","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1357","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72610637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthur William (‘Artie’) Tully is a largely forgotten name in South African military history. A professional boxer by trade, Australian-born Tully joined the republican forces during the South African/Anglo Boer War (1899-1902) while working on the Witwatersrand. Captured at Vaalkrantz, he became a prisoner of war on Diyatalawa in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon). After the Peace of Vereeniging, Tully, portrayed by his brethren as a traitor, rekindled his boxing career and established himself in Singapore, Southeast Asia, working as a bookmaker, turf commission agent and mine-owner. Tully’s visit to Australia after a thirteen-year absence was largely ignored, just like his legacy in post-war studies, and to this day, he, like thousands of others, remained an obscured figure of the Anglo-Boer/South African War. His life before the war and the factors that motivated him to join the republican cause remains unknown. For some Australians, he is an emigrant traitor of no consequence. South Africans ironically continue to celebrate the contribution of a range of other foreign participants but, for unknown reasons, continue to ignore or is blissfully unaware of the contribution of this Australian to their history. Against this background, this study reconstructed the early life and career of a significant personality with a view to end his current obscurity.
{"title":"‘Disgusting, disgraceful, inconsequential and dirty renegade?’: Reconstructing the early life and career of Anglo-Boer War combatant and war prisoner ‘Artie’ Tully, 1889–1910","authors":"Hendrik Snyders","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1346","url":null,"abstract":"Arthur William (‘Artie’) Tully is a largely forgotten name in South African military history. A professional boxer by trade, Australian-born Tully joined the republican forces during the South African/Anglo Boer War (1899-1902) while working on the Witwatersrand. Captured at Vaalkrantz, he became a prisoner of war on Diyatalawa in Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon). After the Peace of Vereeniging, Tully, portrayed by his brethren as a traitor, rekindled his boxing career and established himself in Singapore, Southeast Asia, working as a bookmaker, turf commission agent and mine-owner. Tully’s visit to Australia after a thirteen-year absence was largely ignored, just like his legacy in post-war studies, and to this day, he, like thousands of others, remained an obscured figure of the Anglo-Boer/South African War. His life before the war and the factors that motivated him to join the republican cause remains unknown. For some Australians, he is an emigrant traitor of no consequence. South Africans ironically continue to celebrate the contribution of a range of other foreign participants but, for unknown reasons, continue to ignore or is blissfully unaware of the contribution of this Australian to their history. Against this background, this study reconstructed the early life and career of a significant personality with a view to end his current obscurity.","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73973172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empire of destruction: A history of Nazi mass killing","authors":"Anri Delport","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1362","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82234179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of psychological resilience appears to confer positive personal benefits, and may be particularly advantageous for individuals working in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. This study aimed to identify contextually adaptive ‘resilient’ personality and coping profiles in such contexts. This was done by correlating scores on measures of resilience with scores on measures of personality and coping, using specialists identified as good adaptors. As resilient profiles may differ across contexts, two highly specific samples were used, namely navy divers and submariners. This paper presents psychometric profiles of contemporary personality and coping styles. Then, using bivariate correlations, resilience-associated, context specific, diver and submariner personality and coping profiles were identified. Their resilient profiles appeared well suited to their respective environments. Some differences were noted between the typical personality descriptions and the resilient profiles identified, with three possible reasons forwarded to understand this. Firstly, there were some concerns regarding the validity of the measures in the local cultural context; secondly, context specific resilience may be expressed differently from resilience in general society; and thirdly, contemporary profiles of specialists may reflect current organisational processes in addition to psychological factors. In terms of practical application, while the identification of resilient profiles may also have value for selection purposes, it could be particularly useful for mission preparation, through the training of context-relevant coping skills.
{"title":"Psychological profiles of resilience in extreme environments: Correlating measures of personality and coping and resilience","authors":"C. V. Van Wijk","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1256","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of psychological resilience appears to confer positive personal benefits, and may be particularly advantageous for individuals working in isolated, confined, and extreme environments. This study aimed to identify contextually adaptive ‘resilient’ personality and coping profiles in such contexts. This was done by correlating scores on measures of resilience with scores on measures of personality and coping, using specialists identified as good adaptors. As resilient profiles may differ across contexts, two highly specific samples were used, namely navy divers and submariners. This paper presents psychometric profiles of contemporary personality and coping styles. Then, using bivariate correlations, resilience-associated, context specific, diver and submariner personality and coping profiles were identified. Their resilient profiles appeared well suited to their respective environments. Some differences were noted between the typical personality descriptions and the resilient profiles identified, with three possible reasons forwarded to understand this. Firstly, there were some concerns regarding the validity of the measures in the local cultural context; secondly, context specific resilience may be expressed differently from resilience in general society; and thirdly, contemporary profiles of specialists may reflect current organisational processes in addition to psychological factors. In terms of practical application, while the identification of resilient profiles may also have value for selection purposes, it could be particularly useful for mission preparation, through the training of context-relevant coping skills.","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"75 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72608319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the institutional pathology of corruption within the Nigerian Navy, and its broader manifestation and implications within Nigeria’s maritime industry. Beginning with an examination of the disappearance of the vessel, MT African Pride, in October 2003, the article reflects on the African Pride case to show that far from being a one-off incident, it was indicative of the opportunism and criminality that naval operations within the oil-rich Niger Delta have generated. Other primary case studies relevant to corruption within Nigeria’s maritime industry, and interrogated by the article, include the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) and the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). The article shall also examine a range of secondary case studies. These are relatively brief meditations on incidents, individuals and maritime industry private contractors and government parastatals, which are relevant to the debate to naval and maritime corruption in Nigeria.
{"title":"Beyond African Pride: Corruption mechanisms in the Nigerian Navy and maritime sector","authors":"Akali Omeni","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1332","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the institutional pathology of corruption within the Nigerian Navy, and its broader manifestation and implications within Nigeria’s maritime industry. Beginning with an examination of the disappearance of the vessel, MT African Pride, in October 2003, the article reflects on the African Pride case to show that far from being a one-off incident, it was indicative of the opportunism and criminality that naval operations within the oil-rich Niger Delta have generated. Other primary case studies relevant to corruption within Nigeria’s maritime industry, and interrogated by the article, include the Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) and the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). The article shall also examine a range of secondary case studies. These are relatively brief meditations on incidents, individuals and maritime industry private contractors and government parastatals, which are relevant to the debate to naval and maritime corruption in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83562930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, changes in technology have always shaped the intelligence collection environment. South Africa is no different. The emergence of satellite imagery had a significant influence on the Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) capabilities and, similarly, the emergence of the telegram and later the telephone had and equally significant effect on the Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) environment. With communications being revolutionised by mobile technology that include recording, geo-positioning and photography, collection and distribution are ubiquitous. Smart mobile communication technology is also the driver of social media everywhere, at all ages, state, and non-state, non-stop. More recently, Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT) has had the same significant influence on the collection of intelligence in general. Globally several examples of the successful exploitation of SOCMINT can be found internationally, it would be surprising if South Africa is not a statistic of this phenomenon yet. Initially, many organisations viewed (and some still do) SOCMINT as an Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) tool. However, when considering the South African intelligence landscape, the concepts democracy, transparency, and intelligence oversight are calibrating factors to bear in mind. It is also important to consider the influence of the national legislative framework governing the use of SOCMINT in South Africa by state and non-state actors. It then becomes clear that issues such as personal legal right to privacy means that SOCMINT is probably no longer covered by the scope of the OSINT definition and that intelligence organisations collecting social media content and producing SOCMINT should adhere to the legislative framework governing the collection and use of social media content and the production of SOCMINT.
{"title":"Social media intelligence: The national security–privacy nexus","authors":"Dries Putter, Susan Henrico","doi":"10.5787/50-1-1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5787/50-1-1345","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, changes in technology have always shaped the intelligence collection environment. South Africa is no different. The emergence of satellite imagery had a significant influence on the Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT) capabilities and, similarly, the emergence of the telegram and later the telephone had and equally significant effect on the Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) environment. With communications being revolutionised by mobile technology that include recording, geo-positioning and photography, collection and distribution are ubiquitous. Smart mobile communication technology is also the driver of social media everywhere, at all ages, state, and non-state, non-stop. More recently, Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT) has had the same significant influence on the collection of intelligence in general. Globally several examples of the successful exploitation of SOCMINT can be found internationally, it would be surprising if South Africa is not a statistic of this phenomenon yet. Initially, many organisations viewed (and some still do) SOCMINT as an Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) tool. However, when considering the South African intelligence landscape, the concepts democracy, transparency, and intelligence oversight are calibrating factors to bear in mind. It is also important to consider the influence of the national legislative framework governing the use of SOCMINT in South Africa by state and non-state actors. It then becomes clear that issues such as personal legal right to privacy means that SOCMINT is probably no longer covered by the scope of the OSINT definition and that intelligence organisations collecting social media content and producing SOCMINT should adhere to the legislative framework governing the collection and use of social media content and the production of SOCMINT.","PeriodicalId":53024,"journal":{"name":"Scientia Militaria","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81756990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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