Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.02.2022.54.60
Diepiriye C. Okujagu, Ada Ruth, Rex Ome
The depositional environment of Clastic sediments in Tomboy Field Onshore Niger Delta were delineated using 3D Seismic and lithological logs. Well log suites from 5 wells comprising Spontaneous potential, Gamma ray, Sonic, Resistivity, Density, and Neutron logs were obtained and analyzed. Reverse estimation was done for the Neutron log and Bulk Density log using volumetric method. Gamma-ray log were used to calibrate Log motifs and correlate sand bodies TMB-01, TMB-02, TMB-03, TMB-04, and TMB-06. Prediction of depositional environment was made through the usage of wireline log shapes of facies combined with result from seismic data. Results of correlation across the five wells showed that. there was continuity at depth interval of 4000-5000ft across the wells as well 3 did not have any gamma information to correlate accros it. The seismic section showed two major growth faults and a channel fill on seismic (inline 5940, crossline1660) between 3.3-3.6ms. According to the paleo-reconstruction from the correlated wells within the tomboy field, the reservoir is made up of sands from fluvial and tidal channels, barrier, and barrier bar. These sand bodies are likely to contain hydrocarbons because of the rollover anticline, which is found at the fault’s downthrown block. This study has revealed that the Clastic sediments in Tomboy Field Onshore Niger Delta were deposited within a predominantly deltaic environment (transitional).
{"title":"INTEGRATION OF LOGS AND SEISMIC DATA FOR DELINEATION OF DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF CLASTIC SEDIMENTS IN TOMBOY FIELD, NIGER DELTA","authors":"Diepiriye C. Okujagu, Ada Ruth, Rex Ome","doi":"10.26480/mjg.02.2022.54.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2022.54.60","url":null,"abstract":"The depositional environment of Clastic sediments in Tomboy Field Onshore Niger Delta were delineated using 3D Seismic and lithological logs. Well log suites from 5 wells comprising Spontaneous potential, Gamma ray, Sonic, Resistivity, Density, and Neutron logs were obtained and analyzed. Reverse estimation was done for the Neutron log and Bulk Density log using volumetric method. Gamma-ray log were used to calibrate Log motifs and correlate sand bodies TMB-01, TMB-02, TMB-03, TMB-04, and TMB-06. Prediction of depositional environment was made through the usage of wireline log shapes of facies combined with result from seismic data. Results of correlation across the five wells showed that. there was continuity at depth interval of 4000-5000ft across the wells as well 3 did not have any gamma information to correlate accros it. The seismic section showed two major growth faults and a channel fill on seismic (inline 5940, crossline1660) between 3.3-3.6ms. According to the paleo-reconstruction from the correlated wells within the tomboy field, the reservoir is made up of sands from fluvial and tidal channels, barrier, and barrier bar. These sand bodies are likely to contain hydrocarbons because of the rollover anticline, which is found at the fault’s downthrown block. This study has revealed that the Clastic sediments in Tomboy Field Onshore Niger Delta were deposited within a predominantly deltaic environment (transitional).","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90169098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.01.2022.01.07
M. C. Wilson, J. Larbi, Isabella Ivy Kangah, Enock Anison
Main purpose of this paper is to determine the mineralogical composition and mechanical properties of the Tarkwaian Supergroup and compare them. This project will help determine whether the rock units of the Tarkwaian Supergroup are competent based on their mineral contents and strength of the rocks to be quarried and used as aggregates for construction and also determine the structural features that were formed in the various rock units due to the deformation that took place. Values obtained from the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test were (21.50-77.10) N/mm2 with the Kawere conglomerate having the lowest, and Tarkwa Phyllite having the highest strength. The Huni sandstone, Banket Quartzite and Kawere conglomerate were classified as weak rocks, but the Tarkwa Phyllite was classified as a medium rock, according to Attewell and Farmer’s (1976) classification. The Huni sandstone, Banket Quartzite and Kawere conglomerate are made up of grains of varying degrees of roundness and maturity. The Huni sandstone, Banket Quartzite, and Tarkwa Phyllite exhibit foliation. Micro-folding is also observed in the Kawere conglomerate. Petrographic studies of the rocks classify them as metasedimentary rocks weathering. Based on the weak strengths of the various rock units, they are not suitable to be used as aggregates for construction but can be used for other purposes such as construction sand and dimension stones.
{"title":"PETRO-MECHANICAL STUDIES OF THE STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS OF THE TARKWAIAN SUPERGROUP IN TARKWA – IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL COMPETENCE OF ROCKS","authors":"M. C. Wilson, J. Larbi, Isabella Ivy Kangah, Enock Anison","doi":"10.26480/mjg.01.2022.01.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2022.01.07","url":null,"abstract":"Main purpose of this paper is to determine the mineralogical composition and mechanical properties of the Tarkwaian Supergroup and compare them. This project will help determine whether the rock units of the Tarkwaian Supergroup are competent based on their mineral contents and strength of the rocks to be quarried and used as aggregates for construction and also determine the structural features that were formed in the various rock units due to the deformation that took place. Values obtained from the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) test were (21.50-77.10) N/mm2 with the Kawere conglomerate having the lowest, and Tarkwa Phyllite having the highest strength. The Huni sandstone, Banket Quartzite and Kawere conglomerate were classified as weak rocks, but the Tarkwa Phyllite was classified as a medium rock, according to Attewell and Farmer’s (1976) classification. The Huni sandstone, Banket Quartzite and Kawere conglomerate are made up of grains of varying degrees of roundness and maturity. The Huni sandstone, Banket Quartzite, and Tarkwa Phyllite exhibit foliation. Micro-folding is also observed in the Kawere conglomerate. Petrographic studies of the rocks classify them as metasedimentary rocks weathering. Based on the weak strengths of the various rock units, they are not suitable to be used as aggregates for construction but can be used for other purposes such as construction sand and dimension stones.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81607772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.01.2022.12.18
Otto A. Ihunda, Ifiok M. Ibanga, N. Ukpabi
Biozonation and Age reconstruction of an offshore Well-X in the Niger Delta was carried out using10composite ditch cutting samples, Palynological studies was carried out on the samples to determine the age of the formation penetrated in the well, generate a range chart for the palynomorphs and generate biozones. The samples were described and prepared using the standard non mineral acid method of preparing Palynological samples. The interval studied was between 1219m (4000ft) -1384m (4540ft) thickness, belonging to the Agbada Formation which is of late Miocene. Lithologically the section penetrated by the well varies from sandstone bed to shaly bed. One biozone of the SPDC scheme P850 has been erected. The P850 zone palynomorphs observed within this interval which coincides with the P860 subzone include abundance of Zonocostitesramonae, rich occurrence of Stereisporitessp, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, and Psilatricolporites crassus, scanty Nympheapollislotus, and Multiareolites formosus as well as the presence of Peregrinipollis nigericus. The age of the sediment is of the late Miocene.
{"title":"BIOZONATION AND AGE RECONSTRUCTION OF 4000FT TO 4540FT SECTION OF WELL-X, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA","authors":"Otto A. Ihunda, Ifiok M. Ibanga, N. Ukpabi","doi":"10.26480/mjg.01.2022.12.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2022.12.18","url":null,"abstract":"Biozonation and Age reconstruction of an offshore Well-X in the Niger Delta was carried out using10composite ditch cutting samples, Palynological studies was carried out on the samples to determine the age of the formation penetrated in the well, generate a range chart for the palynomorphs and generate biozones. The samples were described and prepared using the standard non mineral acid method of preparing Palynological samples. The interval studied was between 1219m (4000ft) -1384m (4540ft) thickness, belonging to the Agbada Formation which is of late Miocene. Lithologically the section penetrated by the well varies from sandstone bed to shaly bed. One biozone of the SPDC scheme P850 has been erected. The P850 zone palynomorphs observed within this interval which coincides with the P860 subzone include abundance of Zonocostitesramonae, rich occurrence of Stereisporitessp, Retibrevitricolporites obodoensis, and Psilatricolporites crassus, scanty Nympheapollislotus, and Multiareolites formosus as well as the presence of Peregrinipollis nigericus. The age of the sediment is of the late Miocene.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82664245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.01.2022.08.11
S. Ali Shah, M. Kiran, Aleena Nazir, S. H. Ashrafani
Built-up is one of the most significant type of land use-cover linked with urbanization. Computing, classifying, and mapping the built-up areas by Landsat image, is on priority demand for municipal and policymakers to investigate urban extension. Thus, increasing population and conversion of agricultural land into urban is a major topic understanding the bond between both types of land use. In the context of this, this study investigates the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) in Khangarh taluka. Therefore, satellite images of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2021 were downloaded freely from the USGS-GloVIS Earth Explorer website. The images were processed in the ArcGIS 10.3 environment. NDVI was calculated using the Near-Infrared NIR (band 5), Red (band 4) and for NDBI, Middle Infrared Reflectance MIR (band 6) and NIR (band 5) was used following the equation of both indices. The calculated values were then exported in SPSS software for correlation determination and scatter plot development. The results from the case showed that there was a linear and negative correlation between vegetation index and built-up index in all years over the study area. Furthermore, in 2014 the coefficient of correlation explicated R2=0.96; in 2016 R2=0.23, in 2018 R2=0.34, and in 2021 R2=0.22 which indicated that NDBI could be used to illustrate the evaluation of urban construction land. The all-over study recommends that built-up index NDBI not only can be used as a significant indicator for built-up or urban areas estimation but also deliver a consistent source for urban development and planning.
{"title":"EXPLORING NDVI AND NDBI RELATIONSHIP USING LANDSAT 8 OLI/TIRS IN KHANGARH TALUKA, GHOTKI","authors":"S. Ali Shah, M. Kiran, Aleena Nazir, S. H. Ashrafani","doi":"10.26480/mjg.01.2022.08.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2022.08.11","url":null,"abstract":"Built-up is one of the most significant type of land use-cover linked with urbanization. Computing, classifying, and mapping the built-up areas by Landsat image, is on priority demand for municipal and policymakers to investigate urban extension. Thus, increasing population and conversion of agricultural land into urban is a major topic understanding the bond between both types of land use. In the context of this, this study investigates the relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) in Khangarh taluka. Therefore, satellite images of Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2021 were downloaded freely from the USGS-GloVIS Earth Explorer website. The images were processed in the ArcGIS 10.3 environment. NDVI was calculated using the Near-Infrared NIR (band 5), Red (band 4) and for NDBI, Middle Infrared Reflectance MIR (band 6) and NIR (band 5) was used following the equation of both indices. The calculated values were then exported in SPSS software for correlation determination and scatter plot development. The results from the case showed that there was a linear and negative correlation between vegetation index and built-up index in all years over the study area. Furthermore, in 2014 the coefficient of correlation explicated R2=0.96; in 2016 R2=0.23, in 2018 R2=0.34, and in 2021 R2=0.22 which indicated that NDBI could be used to illustrate the evaluation of urban construction land. The all-over study recommends that built-up index NDBI not only can be used as a significant indicator for built-up or urban areas estimation but also deliver a consistent source for urban development and planning.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87857351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.02.2022.73.83
M. C. Wilson, Geoffrey Chiri Amedjoe, Simon Kafui Yao Gawu
The petrographic and geochemical studies of Birimian Supergroup meta-volcanic rocks in the New Drobo environs in Ghana help to decipher the tectonic settings at the study area. Twenty thin sections were prepared with rock samples from the field at the KNUST Geological Engineering Laboratory and petrographic microscope used to determine the different types of minerals in the samples and also the rock type. Whole rock geochemical analysis was done, using both X-Ray Fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer methods at Australian Laboratory Services in Canada. The main volcanic rock types at the study area comprise of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyo-dacite with porphyritic mineralogical composition such as plagioclase feldspar, augite, olivine, hornblende, biotite, quartz, rutile, chlorite. The average concentrations of Zr < 150 ppm, TiO2 < 1.5 % and P2O5 < 0.25 % and the ratios of Nb/Y < 1.2 and Y/Nb > 1 reveal the magma type in the study area to be continental tholeiitic basalt in nature. The mafic volcanic basalt is from a plate margin tectonic setting and thus of normal MORB and volcanic arc basalts. Also, the low basaltic values of the ratios of Ti/Y and Nb/Y confirm the tectonic setting of the area to be of plate margin. Zr is highly incompatible with respect to Ti and renders the ratio of Zr/TiO2 to be influenced by partial melting and causes heterogeneity in the mantle. The heterogeneity in the source of the mantle can be confirmed with the high value of the ratio of Zr/Y.
{"title":"PETROGRAPHIC AND GEOCHEMICAL CONSTRAINTS ON TECTONIC SETTINGS OF THE BIRIMIAN SUPERGROUP VOLCANIC ROCKS, EVIDENCE FROM NEW DROBO ENVIRONS SOUTH OF JAMAN DISTRICT IN THE BONO REGION OF GHANA","authors":"M. C. Wilson, Geoffrey Chiri Amedjoe, Simon Kafui Yao Gawu","doi":"10.26480/mjg.02.2022.73.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2022.73.83","url":null,"abstract":"The petrographic and geochemical studies of Birimian Supergroup meta-volcanic rocks in the New Drobo environs in Ghana help to decipher the tectonic settings at the study area. Twenty thin sections were prepared with rock samples from the field at the KNUST Geological Engineering Laboratory and petrographic microscope used to determine the different types of minerals in the samples and also the rock type. Whole rock geochemical analysis was done, using both X-Ray Fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer methods at Australian Laboratory Services in Canada. The main volcanic rock types at the study area comprise of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyo-dacite with porphyritic mineralogical composition such as plagioclase feldspar, augite, olivine, hornblende, biotite, quartz, rutile, chlorite. The average concentrations of Zr < 150 ppm, TiO2 < 1.5 % and P2O5 < 0.25 % and the ratios of Nb/Y < 1.2 and Y/Nb > 1 reveal the magma type in the study area to be continental tholeiitic basalt in nature. The mafic volcanic basalt is from a plate margin tectonic setting and thus of normal MORB and volcanic arc basalts. Also, the low basaltic values of the ratios of Ti/Y and Nb/Y confirm the tectonic setting of the area to be of plate margin. Zr is highly incompatible with respect to Ti and renders the ratio of Zr/TiO2 to be influenced by partial melting and causes heterogeneity in the mantle. The heterogeneity in the source of the mantle can be confirmed with the high value of the ratio of Zr/Y.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76205300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.01.2022.29.35
Temitayo Olamide Ale, Olabode Olabanji Olofinyo, Oluremi Success Odebode, David Shola Esan
This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of compaction (at different energy levels) on the geotechnical properties of stabilized soils. To achieve this, four bulk soil samples (BDL1, BDL2 BDL3 & BDT) consisting of termite reworked soils and residual lateritic soils were collected at New Stadium Road, Awo hall, University of Ibadan, Nigeria at a depth of 2m for strength tests and at depths of 1m, 1.5m & 2m for index tests. Geotechnical analysis (index tests and strength tests) and geochemical analysis (X-ray Diffraction) were carried out on the sampled soils. The study revealed that the mineral constituents of the sampled soils are quartz, kaolinite and hematite; with the termite-reworked soil richer in kaolinite content than the quartz schist derived soil with about 125% increase. The values of index tests for both soils met the required Nigeria specification for good soil with termite reworked soil performing better. The values of specific gravity for both soils are close suggesting similar origin. AASHTO classification put termite-reworked soil within the range of A-2-7 (good rating) while most of the residual soil samples fall within A-7-5 to A-7-6 range (fair to poor rating). The stabilisation of residual lateritic soil using termite-reworked soil as stabiliser brought about increase in the values of maximum dry density, uncured unconfined compressive strength as well as the sun-cured unconfined compressive strength of the studied soil. The influence of stabilisation using termite-reworked soil was strongest at the highest level of compaction ((30%) of termite-reworked soil with the weight of residual soil). There also exist a fairly strong positive correlation between the amount of termite reworked soil and energy of compaction and between the uncured and sun-cured unconfined compressive strength was plotted against the number of blows for BDL1, BDL2 and BDL3 respectively. In sum, these stabilised soils are suitable for foundation and landfills materials.
{"title":"EFFECT OF COMPACTION AT DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVELS ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF STABILIZED SOILS","authors":"Temitayo Olamide Ale, Olabode Olabanji Olofinyo, Oluremi Success Odebode, David Shola Esan","doi":"10.26480/mjg.01.2022.29.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2022.29.35","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at evaluating the influence of compaction (at different energy levels) on the geotechnical properties of stabilized soils. To achieve this, four bulk soil samples (BDL1, BDL2 BDL3 & BDT) consisting of termite reworked soils and residual lateritic soils were collected at New Stadium Road, Awo hall, University of Ibadan, Nigeria at a depth of 2m for strength tests and at depths of 1m, 1.5m & 2m for index tests. Geotechnical analysis (index tests and strength tests) and geochemical analysis (X-ray Diffraction) were carried out on the sampled soils. The study revealed that the mineral constituents of the sampled soils are quartz, kaolinite and hematite; with the termite-reworked soil richer in kaolinite content than the quartz schist derived soil with about 125% increase. The values of index tests for both soils met the required Nigeria specification for good soil with termite reworked soil performing better. The values of specific gravity for both soils are close suggesting similar origin. AASHTO classification put termite-reworked soil within the range of A-2-7 (good rating) while most of the residual soil samples fall within A-7-5 to A-7-6 range (fair to poor rating). The stabilisation of residual lateritic soil using termite-reworked soil as stabiliser brought about increase in the values of maximum dry density, uncured unconfined compressive strength as well as the sun-cured unconfined compressive strength of the studied soil. The influence of stabilisation using termite-reworked soil was strongest at the highest level of compaction ((30%) of termite-reworked soil with the weight of residual soil). There also exist a fairly strong positive correlation between the amount of termite reworked soil and energy of compaction and between the uncured and sun-cured unconfined compressive strength was plotted against the number of blows for BDL1, BDL2 and BDL3 respectively. In sum, these stabilised soils are suitable for foundation and landfills materials.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75952843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.02.2022.69.72
A. ., Michael Tomisin
To provide a comprehensive explanation of the properties and relevance of trace fossils ichnogenera in the Niger Delta sedimentary facies necessitate this study. The provided core photographs containing identified trace fossils were qualitatively analysed and described using ichnofacies characteristics, appearance, lithology, grain size, structures, and depositional environments. Teichichnus and Ophiomorpha burrows have been identified as ichnogenera. They were found in heterolithic fine-grained sandstone with interbedded mudstone that exhibits hummocky and swaley cross – stratifications, as well as ripples cross – laminations, which are frequently encountered in marine shoreface environments. Ophiomorpha and Teichichnus are believed to have been produced by soft-bodied organisms such as crustaceans. They are deposit-feeding organisms with documented evidence of coexistence. The stratigraphic records left by these trace fossils are of particular interest to geologists and other scientists because they aid in palaeo-environmental evaluation, which is a precursor to hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, and subsequent exploration and exploitation.
{"title":"CHARACTERIZATION OF INCHNOGENERA TRACE FOSSILS IN SEDIMENTARY FACIES; A CASE STUDY OF TOMAYODE FIELD, NIGER DELTA NIGERIA","authors":"A. ., Michael Tomisin","doi":"10.26480/mjg.02.2022.69.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2022.69.72","url":null,"abstract":"To provide a comprehensive explanation of the properties and relevance of trace fossils ichnogenera in the Niger Delta sedimentary facies necessitate this study. The provided core photographs containing identified trace fossils were qualitatively analysed and described using ichnofacies characteristics, appearance, lithology, grain size, structures, and depositional environments. Teichichnus and Ophiomorpha burrows have been identified as ichnogenera. They were found in heterolithic fine-grained sandstone with interbedded mudstone that exhibits hummocky and swaley cross – stratifications, as well as ripples cross – laminations, which are frequently encountered in marine shoreface environments. Ophiomorpha and Teichichnus are believed to have been produced by soft-bodied organisms such as crustaceans. They are deposit-feeding organisms with documented evidence of coexistence. The stratigraphic records left by these trace fossils are of particular interest to geologists and other scientists because they aid in palaeo-environmental evaluation, which is a precursor to hydrocarbon generation and accumulation, and subsequent exploration and exploitation.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76169205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.01.2022.45.52
Watitemsu Imchen, Pukrozo Keyho, Meribemo Yanthan, Imomeren Ao, John K. Angami
Flux materials are indispensable in iron ore refining process to effectively segregate gangue minerals and to improve other physicochemical properties. Lately, the demand for metallurgical grade flux materials such as limestone and dolomite for iron and steel manufacturing industries in India has surged manifold and depends largely on imports due to its limited resources. MgO-bearing flux has emerged to be a potential alternative to conventional fluxes (limestone and dolomite); though huge resources of Mg-rich ultramafic rocks are available in the Indian subcontinent, their economic utility as metallurgical flux is not fully explored. To evaluate the suitability of flux material in iron and steel industries, Mg-rich ultramafics of the Naga Hills Ophiolite (NHO) have been studied. Major oxides and petro-mineralogical studies have been undertaken to understand the chemical and mineralogical attributes of NHO Mg-rich ultramafics. Results indicate appreciable MgO content (up to 46.7%) barring pyroxenite, with low Al2O3 (< 2 wt%), loss on ignition (< 14 wt%), and Cr2O3 (< 1 wt%) conforming to the chemical specifications set for flux/sinter mix by the major steel producers in India. Fouling index further indicates Mg-based flux of NHO as better quality in contrast to conventional flux materials, albeit alkali content is relatively high. Finer crystals of NHO Mg-rich rocks are added advantage which would readily assimilate in the melt at lower energy. Mg-based flux in iron and steel industries would aid in augmenting productivity with reduced slag volumes at lower cost, energy and pollution.
{"title":"MG-RICH ULTRAMAFICS OF THE NAGA HILLS OPHIOLITE, NAGALAND, INDIA: A POTENTIAL SUBSTITUTE AS BASIC FLUX IN METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES","authors":"Watitemsu Imchen, Pukrozo Keyho, Meribemo Yanthan, Imomeren Ao, John K. Angami","doi":"10.26480/mjg.01.2022.45.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.01.2022.45.52","url":null,"abstract":"Flux materials are indispensable in iron ore refining process to effectively segregate gangue minerals and to improve other physicochemical properties. Lately, the demand for metallurgical grade flux materials such as limestone and dolomite for iron and steel manufacturing industries in India has surged manifold and depends largely on imports due to its limited resources. MgO-bearing flux has emerged to be a potential alternative to conventional fluxes (limestone and dolomite); though huge resources of Mg-rich ultramafic rocks are available in the Indian subcontinent, their economic utility as metallurgical flux is not fully explored. To evaluate the suitability of flux material in iron and steel industries, Mg-rich ultramafics of the Naga Hills Ophiolite (NHO) have been studied. Major oxides and petro-mineralogical studies have been undertaken to understand the chemical and mineralogical attributes of NHO Mg-rich ultramafics. Results indicate appreciable MgO content (up to 46.7%) barring pyroxenite, with low Al2O3 (< 2 wt%), loss on ignition (< 14 wt%), and Cr2O3 (< 1 wt%) conforming to the chemical specifications set for flux/sinter mix by the major steel producers in India. Fouling index further indicates Mg-based flux of NHO as better quality in contrast to conventional flux materials, albeit alkali content is relatively high. Finer crystals of NHO Mg-rich rocks are added advantage which would readily assimilate in the melt at lower energy. Mg-based flux in iron and steel industries would aid in augmenting productivity with reduced slag volumes at lower cost, energy and pollution.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86703032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.02.2022.84.87
A. Falade, Temitope E. Oni, Olumuyiwa Oso
To better understand the subsurface geological composition (relief, fault, fracture, discontinuities, orientation of structures) of the surrounding environment that anticipates infrastructural development in the near future due to population explosion, an Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey was conducted in Igarra, Akoko Edo area of Edo state, Nigeria. The depth to bedrock, possible geologic structures (faults, fractures, voids) were some of the properties investigated. To determine the orientation and continuity of the underlying geological features, 2D resistivity surveys were conducted along three parallel traverses (S-N orientation) with a total length of 205m and an inter-traverse spacing of 50m. The ERT results demonstrate that there are constant areas of low resistivity along the three traverses. Stations between 70 m – 90 m and 110 m – 150 m revealed low resistivity values, indicating possible geological structure. As seen in the resistivity pseudo-section, competent beds can be found at around 5 m and about 10 m in some stations (70 – 90 m and 110 – 150 m). It is generally accepted that geological features (fault, fracture) that pose a risk to geotechnical and engineering projects can be found in the regions with low resistivity. According to the research, pervasive underground geological structures are to blame for most road failures. Since electrical resistivity tomography is useful in describing an engineering site, further geophysical investigation for hydrogeological objectives should be undertaken on the identified faulted and fractured zones to establish its hydrologic importance and reserved for such.
为了更好地了解周围环境的地下地质组成(地形、断层、裂缝、不连续面、构造方向)，并预测由于人口爆炸在不久的将来基础设施的发展，在尼日利亚江户州的Akoko Edo地区的Igarra进行了电阻率层析成像(ERT)调查。基岩深度、可能的地质构造(断层、裂缝、空洞)是研究的一些性质。为了确定下伏地质特征的定向和连续性，沿3条平行导线(南北向)进行了二维电阻率测量，总长度为205米，导线间距为50米。ERT结果表明，沿三条导线存在恒定的低电阻率区。70 m ~ 90 m和110 m ~ 150 m站的电阻率值较低，表明可能存在地质构造。电阻率拟剖面显示，在某些测点(70 ~ 90 m和110 ~ 150 m)，在5 m左右和10 m左右可发现有能力层。一般认为，对岩土工程构成风险的地质特征(断层、裂缝)存在于电阻率较低的地区。根据研究，普遍存在的地下地质结构是大多数道路故障的罪魁祸首。由于电阻率层析成像在描述工程场地时很有用，因此应对已确定的断层和断裂带进行进一步的水文地质目标地球物理调查，以确定其水文重要性并为此保留。
{"title":"APPLICATION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY TOMOGRAPHY IN ENGINEERING SITE CHARACTERIZATION: A CASE STUDY OF IGARRA, AKOKO EDO, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA","authors":"A. Falade, Temitope E. Oni, Olumuyiwa Oso","doi":"10.26480/mjg.02.2022.84.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2022.84.87","url":null,"abstract":"To better understand the subsurface geological composition (relief, fault, fracture, discontinuities, orientation of structures) of the surrounding environment that anticipates infrastructural development in the near future due to population explosion, an Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey was conducted in Igarra, Akoko Edo area of Edo state, Nigeria. The depth to bedrock, possible geologic structures (faults, fractures, voids) were some of the properties investigated. To determine the orientation and continuity of the underlying geological features, 2D resistivity surveys were conducted along three parallel traverses (S-N orientation) with a total length of 205m and an inter-traverse spacing of 50m. The ERT results demonstrate that there are constant areas of low resistivity along the three traverses. Stations between 70 m – 90 m and 110 m – 150 m revealed low resistivity values, indicating possible geological structure. As seen in the resistivity pseudo-section, competent beds can be found at around 5 m and about 10 m in some stations (70 – 90 m and 110 – 150 m). It is generally accepted that geological features (fault, fracture) that pose a risk to geotechnical and engineering projects can be found in the regions with low resistivity. According to the research, pervasive underground geological structures are to blame for most road failures. Since electrical resistivity tomography is useful in describing an engineering site, further geophysical investigation for hydrogeological objectives should be undertaken on the identified faulted and fractured zones to establish its hydrologic importance and reserved for such.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83476424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.26480/mjg.02.2022.61.68
O. E. Faseki
Geophysical and geotechnical methods remain one of the most effective approaches for the evaluation of subsoil properties prior to engineering construction. This is important in the delineation of soil sequence and estimation of soil parameters necessary for ensuring sufficient supports for structures. This study therefore presents the results of subsoil integrity and corrosivity probability evaluation using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Standard Penetration (SPT) in Ikate Area, Lagos, Nigeria. Data were acquired in eight (8) VES positions using Pasi terameter deploying the Schlumberger array system along four traverses while SPT-N values were obtained at every 1.5m within six (6) boreholes drilled to 30.0m depth in the study area. The combined results of VES and SPT delineate four to five geologic units corresponding to topsoil, different shades of clays, peat, sandy/clayey sand and sand. The low resistivity values of the clayey, peaty, and sandy layers especially along traverse four was used to rate them as highly or extremely susceptible to corrosion. The presence of highly compressible organic clay and peat in the second layer precludes the adoption of shallow foundation in the medium dense sandy layer that made up the topsoil (0.0 – 2.50m). Foundation analysis carried out with N-values shows that pile installed within the clayed sand/sand clay and sand layers encountered between 12.0 – 27.m with diameter range of 300 – 600mm could mobilize ultimate and allowable loads ranges of [702.9 – 5012.4KN] and [234.3 – 1670.8KN]. The correlations of resistivity with N-values returned high to weak positive linear relationships suggesting that resistivity values may not be effective in estimation of the strength and stiffness of subsoil. Conclusively, the study demonstrated the complimentary role of both VES and SPT as an effective geoengineering characterization tool.
{"title":"GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF SUBSOILS IN IKATE AREA, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS ON FOUNDATION INTEGRITY AND CORROSIVITY","authors":"O. E. Faseki","doi":"10.26480/mjg.02.2022.61.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2022.61.68","url":null,"abstract":"Geophysical and geotechnical methods remain one of the most effective approaches for the evaluation of subsoil properties prior to engineering construction. This is important in the delineation of soil sequence and estimation of soil parameters necessary for ensuring sufficient supports for structures. This study therefore presents the results of subsoil integrity and corrosivity probability evaluation using Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and Standard Penetration (SPT) in Ikate Area, Lagos, Nigeria. Data were acquired in eight (8) VES positions using Pasi terameter deploying the Schlumberger array system along four traverses while SPT-N values were obtained at every 1.5m within six (6) boreholes drilled to 30.0m depth in the study area. The combined results of VES and SPT delineate four to five geologic units corresponding to topsoil, different shades of clays, peat, sandy/clayey sand and sand. The low resistivity values of the clayey, peaty, and sandy layers especially along traverse four was used to rate them as highly or extremely susceptible to corrosion. The presence of highly compressible organic clay and peat in the second layer precludes the adoption of shallow foundation in the medium dense sandy layer that made up the topsoil (0.0 – 2.50m). Foundation analysis carried out with N-values shows that pile installed within the clayed sand/sand clay and sand layers encountered between 12.0 – 27.m with diameter range of 300 – 600mm could mobilize ultimate and allowable loads ranges of [702.9 – 5012.4KN] and [234.3 – 1670.8KN]. The correlations of resistivity with N-values returned high to weak positive linear relationships suggesting that resistivity values may not be effective in estimation of the strength and stiffness of subsoil. Conclusively, the study demonstrated the complimentary role of both VES and SPT as an effective geoengineering characterization tool.","PeriodicalId":53054,"journal":{"name":"Malaysian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75864666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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