Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_27_22
P. Kathuria, M. Rai
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a heterogeneous, systemic, primarily mast cell-driven disease with sudden appearance of wheals with or without angioedema with pruritus for more than 6 weeks. It affects 0.3%–0.6% of the general population. CSU is a complex immune-mediated disease due to induction of basophil and mast cell degranulation with more than one mechanism of auto-allergy Type I (mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) targeting auto-allergens as thyroperoxidase, etc.) and auto-immunity Type II (mediated by IgG auto-antibodies binding to alpha-subunit of high affinity IgE receptor [FcERI]) with increased expression of Type II cytokines and activation of coagulation cascade. Pruritus is due to sensory nerve activation by histaminergic pathway (Histamine receptors- H1R and H4R) and histamine-independent pathway (Substance P, Capsacin, and Reactive oxygen species, etc.). The international guidelines on CSU recommend to treat CSU until it is gone. The use of second-generation anti-histamine in effective dose as the first-line treatment and up-dosing of second generation (SgAH) up to four-fold is recommended in treatment-resistant patients. The humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody Omalizumab has been shown to have both excellent safety profiles as the only third-line treatment option in anti-histamine-resistant urticaria (approved by United States Food and Drug Administration in August, 2014). However, there are several questions to be answered with reference to the optimal dose, duration, and the rates of long-term remission with omalizumab. Other biologics as Ligelizumab are less well studied but have an important role in the specific type of omalizumab-resistant CSU. In this review, we will summarize the role of omalizumab in anti-histamine resistant CSU.
{"title":"Omalizumab for the management of refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria","authors":"P. Kathuria, M. Rai","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_27_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_27_22","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a heterogeneous, systemic, primarily mast cell-driven disease with sudden appearance of wheals with or without angioedema with pruritus for more than 6 weeks. It affects 0.3%–0.6% of the general population. CSU is a complex immune-mediated disease due to induction of basophil and mast cell degranulation with more than one mechanism of auto-allergy Type I (mediated by specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) targeting auto-allergens as thyroperoxidase, etc.) and auto-immunity Type II (mediated by IgG auto-antibodies binding to alpha-subunit of high affinity IgE receptor [FcERI]) with increased expression of Type II cytokines and activation of coagulation cascade. Pruritus is due to sensory nerve activation by histaminergic pathway (Histamine receptors- H1R and H4R) and histamine-independent pathway (Substance P, Capsacin, and Reactive oxygen species, etc.). The international guidelines on CSU recommend to treat CSU until it is gone. The use of second-generation anti-histamine in effective dose as the first-line treatment and up-dosing of second generation (SgAH) up to four-fold is recommended in treatment-resistant patients. The humanized anti-IgE monoclonal antibody Omalizumab has been shown to have both excellent safety profiles as the only third-line treatment option in anti-histamine-resistant urticaria (approved by United States Food and Drug Administration in August, 2014). However, there are several questions to be answered with reference to the optimal dose, duration, and the rates of long-term remission with omalizumab. Other biologics as Ligelizumab are less well studied but have an important role in the specific type of omalizumab-resistant CSU. In this review, we will summarize the role of omalizumab in anti-histamine resistant CSU.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"74 1","pages":"65 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77227811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_23_23
Raj Kumar, M. Kumar, A. Mavi
{"title":"Cockroach allergy in respiratory allergic patients","authors":"Raj Kumar, M. Kumar, A. Mavi","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_23_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_23_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"52 1","pages":"63 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76242533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) presenting as isolated periorbital angioedema (PE), especially that caused by Ibuprofen have not been extensively reported in the persons of Indian ethnicity. A 58-year-old Indian male was prescribed tablet Ibuprofen for lower backache. Shortly after intake of the tablet, the patient developed severe itching, redness, and watering in both eyes followed by bilateral progressive PE, without involvement of skin elsewhere, or the respiratory system, and in the absence of features suggestive of severe anaphylaxis. The episode was successfully managed with parenteral hydrocortisone and pheniramine. The patient disclosed two similar episodes previously on intake of ibuprofen which were also treated conservatively. Based on a score of 10 on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale and oral Ibuprofen challenge test (OCT) that resulted in recurrence of a similar reaction, a definitive diagnosis of drug reaction to Ibuprofen was concluded. Raised serum immunoglobulin-E levels and eosinophilia on peripheral blood smear were other significant findings. Skin-prick test (SPT) with commonly used NSAIDs was inconclusive. A negative Aspirin/5-Acetyl Salicylic-Acid (ASA) OCT strongly supported the possibility of single-NSAID induced urticaria/angioedema or anaphylaxis reaction to Ibuprofen. This case report highlights the challenges in identifying and characterizing an NSAID-DHRs, especially in the background of varied clinical presentations and discordant test results, as well as due to the lack of well-established standards for SPT, absence of validated in vitro tests, nonavailability of test reagents, and risks associated with OCT.
{"title":"Recurrent episodes of isolated periorbital angioedema associated with separate courses of ibuprofen: A diagnostic dilemma","authors":"Kunal Sareen, Abhishek Singh, Vaseem Aehmad, Nishant Raman","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) presenting as isolated periorbital angioedema (PE), especially that caused by Ibuprofen have not been extensively reported in the persons of Indian ethnicity. A 58-year-old Indian male was prescribed tablet Ibuprofen for lower backache. Shortly after intake of the tablet, the patient developed severe itching, redness, and watering in both eyes followed by bilateral progressive PE, without involvement of skin elsewhere, or the respiratory system, and in the absence of features suggestive of severe anaphylaxis. The episode was successfully managed with parenteral hydrocortisone and pheniramine. The patient disclosed two similar episodes previously on intake of ibuprofen which were also treated conservatively. Based on a score of 10 on the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale and oral Ibuprofen challenge test (OCT) that resulted in recurrence of a similar reaction, a definitive diagnosis of drug reaction to Ibuprofen was concluded. Raised serum immunoglobulin-E levels and eosinophilia on peripheral blood smear were other significant findings. Skin-prick test (SPT) with commonly used NSAIDs was inconclusive. A negative Aspirin/5-Acetyl Salicylic-Acid (ASA) OCT strongly supported the possibility of single-NSAID induced urticaria/angioedema or anaphylaxis reaction to Ibuprofen. This case report highlights the challenges in identifying and characterizing an NSAID-DHRs, especially in the background of varied clinical presentations and discordant test results, as well as due to the lack of well-established standards for SPT, absence of validated in vitro tests, nonavailability of test reagents, and risks associated with OCT.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"2 1","pages":"96 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90914352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_28_22
Anand Patel, Bhamini Ashara, R. Udhwani, Lalithambigai Arumugasamy, M. Adalja
BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases. Immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E have been recognized in human and animal models under disease and normal conditions. OBJECTIVE: To observe the serum level of Vitamin E of patients suffering from asthma and to study the relation of serum Vitamin E levels with serum eosinophil, pulmonary function test, and asthma control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, on adult patients of asthma. After obtaining a detailed history and performing thorough physical examination of the patient, blood sample was collected for measurement of serum vitamin E and serum eosinophils. Then, patients were subjected to spirometry. Serum Vitamin E levels were measured by the calorimetric method. RESULTS: The serum Vitamin E is lower in asthma patients. The level of serum Vitamin E was significantly lower in patients with severe asthma as compared to mild and moderate asthma as well as it was also significantly lower in patients with uncontrolled asthma as compared to controlled asthma. CONCLUSION: The serum Vitamin E is lower in asthma patients and its level correlated well with spirometry and asthma control test (ACT) scores. Hence, Vitamin E supplementation may be beneficial for patients with poor ACT scores and severe disease in spirometry along with other treatments.
{"title":"Prevalence of Vitamin E deficiency and its correlation with symptoms, spirometry, and serum eosinophil in patients of asthma: A pilot study","authors":"Anand Patel, Bhamini Ashara, R. Udhwani, Lalithambigai Arumugasamy, M. Adalja","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_28_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_28_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases. Immunomodulatory effects of Vitamin E have been recognized in human and animal models under disease and normal conditions. OBJECTIVE: To observe the serum level of Vitamin E of patients suffering from asthma and to study the relation of serum Vitamin E levels with serum eosinophil, pulmonary function test, and asthma control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, on adult patients of asthma. After obtaining a detailed history and performing thorough physical examination of the patient, blood sample was collected for measurement of serum vitamin E and serum eosinophils. Then, patients were subjected to spirometry. Serum Vitamin E levels were measured by the calorimetric method. RESULTS: The serum Vitamin E is lower in asthma patients. The level of serum Vitamin E was significantly lower in patients with severe asthma as compared to mild and moderate asthma as well as it was also significantly lower in patients with uncontrolled asthma as compared to controlled asthma. CONCLUSION: The serum Vitamin E is lower in asthma patients and its level correlated well with spirometry and asthma control test (ACT) scores. Hence, Vitamin E supplementation may be beneficial for patients with poor ACT scores and severe disease in spirometry along with other treatments.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"80 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90209503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: As allergic disorders are increasing across all age groups, we aim to detect the common offending allergens in various allergic disorders with respiratory, gastrointestinal, or skin manifestations in children between the age group of 2 months and 18 years from the northern part of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in patients aged between 2 months and 18 years residing in North India having allergic symptoms such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, the combination of allergic rhinitis and asthma, eczema, urticaria, or gastrointestinal symptoms. All the patients underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) for different allergens, which were selected on the basis of history. RESULTS: A total of 458 patients were enrolled in the study with male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Based on the results of SPT, the most common offending allergens in different allergic manifestations were shortlisted. Patients with respiratory system involvement, the common allergens were house dust mites (HDM) and cockroaches, followed by mosquitoes. Most of the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have sensitization due to egg white, followed by soybean flour. In children having skin manifestations, sensitization to HDM was most commonly seen. HDM is also responsible in patients having two system involvement such as respiratory with skin and respiratory with gastrointestinal whereas the groundnut was responsible in patients having gastrointestinal along with skin manifestations. CONCLUSION: This study contributed in delineating the most prevalent offending allergens in children of North India with various allergic disorders.
{"title":"Allergen sensitivity profile among symptomatic children: A descriptive study from North India","authors":"Deepak Kumar, Mugdha Anand, Vibha Sharma, Ritika Goyal, Neeraj Gupta, D. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_8_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_8_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: As allergic disorders are increasing across all age groups, we aim to detect the common offending allergens in various allergic disorders with respiratory, gastrointestinal, or skin manifestations in children between the age group of 2 months and 18 years from the northern part of India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in patients aged between 2 months and 18 years residing in North India having allergic symptoms such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, the combination of allergic rhinitis and asthma, eczema, urticaria, or gastrointestinal symptoms. All the patients underwent skin prick tests (SPTs) for different allergens, which were selected on the basis of history. RESULTS: A total of 458 patients were enrolled in the study with male: female ratio of 1.7:1. Based on the results of SPT, the most common offending allergens in different allergic manifestations were shortlisted. Patients with respiratory system involvement, the common allergens were house dust mites (HDM) and cockroaches, followed by mosquitoes. Most of the patients with gastrointestinal symptoms have sensitization due to egg white, followed by soybean flour. In children having skin manifestations, sensitization to HDM was most commonly seen. HDM is also responsible in patients having two system involvement such as respiratory with skin and respiratory with gastrointestinal whereas the groundnut was responsible in patients having gastrointestinal along with skin manifestations. CONCLUSION: This study contributed in delineating the most prevalent offending allergens in children of North India with various allergic disorders.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"59 1","pages":"85 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91235106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_19_22
Tarana Sarwat, Devendra Singh, N. Singh, Satendra Singh, D. Kakru
AIM: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. METHODS: It was a test-negative, case‒control study conducted at Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, India, between March 2021 and May 2021. An equal number of cases and controls were included in the study after taking proper informed consent. The individuals with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test reports were taken as cases, whereas those with negative reports were included as controls. Data were analyzed and the groups were compared using multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR), with adjustment for gender and presence or absence of comorbidities. The effectiveness of vaccine was calculated by the formula (1-adjusted OR) ×100%. RESULTS: On analyzing the data from 560 case‒control pairs, the vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 57.46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.85–61.02) and 60.09% (95% CI: 56.32–63.77) for single dose and two doses, respectively. The effectiveness of complete and single-dose vaccination against the moderate-to-severe disease was calculated as 63.79% (95% CI: 58.58–68.77) and 56.19% (95% CI: 51.30–61.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was found to be effective against COVID-19, with protection after two doses being a little more than that after a single dose. It also proved effective in protecting against the severe form of the disease.
{"title":"Effectiveness of the chAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in preventing COVID-19 infection","authors":"Tarana Sarwat, Devendra Singh, N. Singh, Satendra Singh, D. Kakru","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"AIM: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in preventing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. METHODS: It was a test-negative, case‒control study conducted at Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida, India, between March 2021 and May 2021. An equal number of cases and controls were included in the study after taking proper informed consent. The individuals with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test reports were taken as cases, whereas those with negative reports were included as controls. Data were analyzed and the groups were compared using multivariable logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR), with adjustment for gender and presence or absence of comorbidities. The effectiveness of vaccine was calculated by the formula (1-adjusted OR) ×100%. RESULTS: On analyzing the data from 560 case‒control pairs, the vaccine effectiveness was calculated as 57.46% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 53.85–61.02) and 60.09% (95% CI: 56.32–63.77) for single dose and two doses, respectively. The effectiveness of complete and single-dose vaccination against the moderate-to-severe disease was calculated as 63.79% (95% CI: 58.58–68.77) and 56.19% (95% CI: 51.30–61.0), respectively. CONCLUSION: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was found to be effective against COVID-19, with protection after two doses being a little more than that after a single dose. It also proved effective in protecting against the severe form of the disease.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"84 1","pages":"23 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86206931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_5_23
Raj Kumar, M. Kumar
{"title":"Pollen forecasting: A future necessity","authors":"Raj Kumar, M. Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86012744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_1_23
M. Kumar, Rajesh K. Gupta, A. Mavi, Kamal Singh, Raj Kumar
BACKGROUND: Asthma is a multifaceted condition defined by chronic airway inflammation. Skin prick test (SPT), serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), and absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) estimation are commonly available tools for evaluating allergen sensitization. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the sensitivity to common aeroallergens and also compares serum tIgE and AEC levels with spirometry in Indian individuals with a history of allergy symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational prospective study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Viswanathan Chest Hospital, VPCI, Delhi, between 2017 and 2019. Two hundred asthma patients diagnosed as per the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines undergo SPT against a battery of common aeroallergens and measured serum tIgE and AEC. RESULTS: Out of 200 cases, the overall prevalence of common aeroallergens sensitization was found to be 57% (114) in asthmatic patients (atopic). SPT positivity to common aeroallergens was highest in people between the ages of 21 and 30 and lowest in people over 50. The most prevalent annoying aeroallergens were found to be weed pollens (14%), house dust mites (11%), fungi (10.5%), tree pollen (9.5%), dust (6%), kapok cotton (5.5%), grass pollen (3.5%), silk (1.5%), and wool (1%). The mean tIgE was higher in atopic asthmatic patients than in nonatopic asthmatic patients (553.25 ± 218.12 IU/ml and 489.1 ± 251.16 IU/ml; P = 0.056). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we found that insects are the most common offending aeroallergens with higher SPT sensitivity and serum tIgE in atopic patients. Spirometry severity is not affected by allergens sensitivity in asthma patients.
{"title":"Relevance of skin prick test, serum total immunoglobulin E, and absolute eosinophil counts in asthma patients","authors":"M. Kumar, Rajesh K. Gupta, A. Mavi, Kamal Singh, Raj Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_1_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Asthma is a multifaceted condition defined by chronic airway inflammation. Skin prick test (SPT), serum total immunoglobulin E (tIgE), and absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) estimation are commonly available tools for evaluating allergen sensitization. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluates the sensitivity to common aeroallergens and also compares serum tIgE and AEC levels with spirometry in Indian individuals with a history of allergy symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational prospective study was conducted in the Outpatient Department of Viswanathan Chest Hospital, VPCI, Delhi, between 2017 and 2019. Two hundred asthma patients diagnosed as per the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines undergo SPT against a battery of common aeroallergens and measured serum tIgE and AEC. RESULTS: Out of 200 cases, the overall prevalence of common aeroallergens sensitization was found to be 57% (114) in asthmatic patients (atopic). SPT positivity to common aeroallergens was highest in people between the ages of 21 and 30 and lowest in people over 50. The most prevalent annoying aeroallergens were found to be weed pollens (14%), house dust mites (11%), fungi (10.5%), tree pollen (9.5%), dust (6%), kapok cotton (5.5%), grass pollen (3.5%), silk (1.5%), and wool (1%). The mean tIgE was higher in atopic asthmatic patients than in nonatopic asthmatic patients (553.25 ± 218.12 IU/ml and 489.1 ± 251.16 IU/ml; P = 0.056). CONCLUSION: In the present study, we found that insects are the most common offending aeroallergens with higher SPT sensitivity and serum tIgE in atopic patients. Spirometry severity is not affected by allergens sensitivity in asthma patients.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"35 1","pages":"54 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87064653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_25_22
M. Meena, G. Rajawat, P. Arora, S. Koolwal, Hemant Sakkarwal, A. Singh
INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Various triggers, lack of knowledge about the disease, and unawareness about the correct inhalation techniques lead to poor control of the disease. This study aimed to study the factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma using the asthma control test (ACT) and explore other ways to improve asthma control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty diagnosed cases of bronchial asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, >18 years were enrolled for the study in an outpatient setting. The level of asthma control was assessed using the self-administered ACT. Factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma were evaluated using a questionnaire based on GINA guidelines. RESULTS: Our study noted that in the majority (66.11%) of patients, asthma was poorly controlled followed by well-controlled (24.44%). Asthma was perfectly controlled in only 9.44% of patients. The mean value of the ACT score of study subjects was 17.5 ± 4.16 with a median (25th–75th percentile) of 17 (15–20) within the range of 7–25. Smoking (P < 0.0001), poor education about asthma (P < 0.0001), social stigma regarding inhaler use (P < 0.0001), wrong inhalation techniques (P < 0.0001), environmental triggers (P < 0.0001), associated comorbidities (P = 0.005), poor adherence to treatment (P < 0.0001), inappropriate therapy (P < 0.0001), and frequent hospitalizations (P = 0.006) were the factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma. CONCLUSION: The present study identified various factors responsible for the high prevalence of asthma in an outpatient clinical setting. Common risk factors that contribute to poor asthma control were assessed in a comprehensive manner.
{"title":"A cross-sectional study to evaluate factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma","authors":"M. Meena, G. Rajawat, P. Arora, S. Koolwal, Hemant Sakkarwal, A. Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_25_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_25_22","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Various triggers, lack of knowledge about the disease, and unawareness about the correct inhalation techniques lead to poor control of the disease. This study aimed to study the factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma using the asthma control test (ACT) and explore other ways to improve asthma control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty diagnosed cases of bronchial asthma according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, >18 years were enrolled for the study in an outpatient setting. The level of asthma control was assessed using the self-administered ACT. Factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma were evaluated using a questionnaire based on GINA guidelines. RESULTS: Our study noted that in the majority (66.11%) of patients, asthma was poorly controlled followed by well-controlled (24.44%). Asthma was perfectly controlled in only 9.44% of patients. The mean value of the ACT score of study subjects was 17.5 ± 4.16 with a median (25th–75th percentile) of 17 (15–20) within the range of 7–25. Smoking (P < 0.0001), poor education about asthma (P < 0.0001), social stigma regarding inhaler use (P < 0.0001), wrong inhalation techniques (P < 0.0001), environmental triggers (P < 0.0001), associated comorbidities (P = 0.005), poor adherence to treatment (P < 0.0001), inappropriate therapy (P < 0.0001), and frequent hospitalizations (P = 0.006) were the factors responsible for uncontrolled asthma. CONCLUSION: The present study identified various factors responsible for the high prevalence of asthma in an outpatient clinical setting. Common risk factors that contribute to poor asthma control were assessed in a comprehensive manner.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"25 6","pages":"34 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72470739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_2_22
R. Hiremath, S. Bhalla, Sandhya Ghodke, S. Rai, Rishika Raj, Smakshi Singh
BACKGROUND: Globally, 36.9 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Like in chronic disease, many individuals may engage in self-initiated behaviors in HIV that are useful to maintain health, quality of life and perceptions of wellbeing. All these behaviors form the part of self-care activities. METHODOLOGY: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a large tertiary care center. A total of 120 consecutive HIV-positive patients were included in the study. RESULTS: While 99% (101) of participants told that good diet is necessary to maintain health, only 42.2% (43) told that adherence to treatment is important. With respect to satisfactory knowledge regarding different attributes of self care, majority (79.4%) had knowledge regarding diet to be taken to stay healthy while only 37.3% had knowledge regarding precautions to be taken while preparing food, 28.4% in case suffering from diarrhea, skin problems (11.8%), fever (61.8%), cough (19.6%), vomiting (11.8%), and headache (45.6%) which were very low. With regard to overall knowledge status, 22.5% (95% confidence interval 14.9–31.89) had satisfactory score while 77.5% had unsatisfactory score. The test of significance revealed that there is statistically significant relation of knowledge regarding self-care with that of education and duration of HIV positivity. CONCLUSION: Findings showed low awareness regarding self-care to be taken, leading to low percentage of overall satisfactory knowledge level among respondents which is a matter of concern. This knowledge which is often neglected and is therefore vital for an HIV-positive person to be able to take care of himself at the right time and take the right actions to prevent the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life.
{"title":"Need to raise awareness about self care practices among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection","authors":"R. Hiremath, S. Bhalla, Sandhya Ghodke, S. Rai, Rishika Raj, Smakshi Singh","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Globally, 36.9 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Like in chronic disease, many individuals may engage in self-initiated behaviors in HIV that are useful to maintain health, quality of life and perceptions of wellbeing. All these behaviors form the part of self-care activities. METHODOLOGY: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in a large tertiary care center. A total of 120 consecutive HIV-positive patients were included in the study. RESULTS: While 99% (101) of participants told that good diet is necessary to maintain health, only 42.2% (43) told that adherence to treatment is important. With respect to satisfactory knowledge regarding different attributes of self care, majority (79.4%) had knowledge regarding diet to be taken to stay healthy while only 37.3% had knowledge regarding precautions to be taken while preparing food, 28.4% in case suffering from diarrhea, skin problems (11.8%), fever (61.8%), cough (19.6%), vomiting (11.8%), and headache (45.6%) which were very low. With regard to overall knowledge status, 22.5% (95% confidence interval 14.9–31.89) had satisfactory score while 77.5% had unsatisfactory score. The test of significance revealed that there is statistically significant relation of knowledge regarding self-care with that of education and duration of HIV positivity. CONCLUSION: Findings showed low awareness regarding self-care to be taken, leading to low percentage of overall satisfactory knowledge level among respondents which is a matter of concern. This knowledge which is often neglected and is therefore vital for an HIV-positive person to be able to take care of himself at the right time and take the right actions to prevent the progression of the disease and improve the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"34 1","pages":"18 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85051207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：