INTRODUCTION: Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and they frequently persist throughout the life. These have significant effect on physical, financial, and mental wellbeing of patients and caregivers. There have been few attempts previously, assessing the quality of life (QOL) in affected families suffering from these diseases. However, the data from developing countries are scarce. QOL assessment in children and caregivers of patients suffering can help in symptomatic management and provide inputs for the better utilization of resources to achieve optimal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient and caregiver QOLs were ascertained using Mini Pediatric Asthma QOL Questionnaire and Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's QOL Questionnaire, respectively, in the study and correlated with disease severity and chronicity using the parametric and nonparametric statistical tools. RESULTS: There were 246 pairs of children diagnosed with asthma and/or AR and their caregivers attending the pediatric allergy and asthma clinic. Symptom score, emotional domain, and activity limitation in children did not validate a statistically significant difference in QOL in the various grades of AR/asthma/AR with asthma (P = 0.632) (P = 0.772) (P = 0.496) (P = 0.918) (P = 0.384) and (P = 0.561), respectively. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the severity of asthma and caregiver emotional disturbance (P = 0.594) or caregiver activity limitation (P = 0.446). CONCLUSIONS: QOL in children and caregivers where children are suffering from either AR or asthma, or both has not shown any significant difference as per the disease severity or chronicity in various domains. There was no significant difference in QOL noted as per the change in age group, gender of patients, or education status of caregivers.
{"title":"Quality of life assessment in children and their caregivers suffering from allergic rhinitis and/or asthma","authors":"Neeraj Gupta, Pallavi Wadhawan, Prakriti Srivastava, Anil Sachdev","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_12_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_12_23","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are among the most prevalent diseases worldwide and they frequently persist throughout the life. These have significant effect on physical, financial, and mental wellbeing of patients and caregivers. There have been few attempts previously, assessing the quality of life (QOL) in affected families suffering from these diseases. However, the data from developing countries are scarce. QOL assessment in children and caregivers of patients suffering can help in symptomatic management and provide inputs for the better utilization of resources to achieve optimal treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patient and caregiver QOLs were ascertained using Mini Pediatric Asthma QOL Questionnaire and Pediatric Asthma Caregiver's QOL Questionnaire, respectively, in the study and correlated with disease severity and chronicity using the parametric and nonparametric statistical tools. RESULTS: There were 246 pairs of children diagnosed with asthma and/or AR and their caregivers attending the pediatric allergy and asthma clinic. Symptom score, emotional domain, and activity limitation in children did not validate a statistically significant difference in QOL in the various grades of AR/asthma/AR with asthma (P = 0.632) (P = 0.772) (P = 0.496) (P = 0.918) (P = 0.384) and (P = 0.561), respectively. In addition, there was no significant correlation between the severity of asthma and caregiver emotional disturbance (P = 0.594) or caregiver activity limitation (P = 0.446). CONCLUSIONS: QOL in children and caregivers where children are suffering from either AR or asthma, or both has not shown any significant difference as per the disease severity or chronicity in various domains. There was no significant difference in QOL noted as per the change in age group, gender of patients, or education status of caregivers.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Digital therapeutics has emerged as a promising approach to manage chronic health conditions, including asthma. With the help of digital inhalers, mobile apps, and monitoring devices, patients can track their symptoms in real time and access personalized treatment plans remotely. Telemedicine and telemonitoring asthma have enabled health-care providers to monitor patient progress continuously while reducing the need for frequent office visits. Digital inhalers are one such example, providing patients with a complex therapeutic modality to self-administer. One such example is Propeller's digital platform helps asthma patients and their health-care providers record and monitor medication usage, review symptoms, and receive personalized interventions. A literature review was conducted to identify clinical trials reporting the use of digital tools for improving asthma outcomes, which showed that there are only monitoring tools available to improve asthma management through digital therapeutics at present. For example monitoring of adherance, asthma outcomes measurement. However, advancements in technology hold great potential for providing more comprehensive care by integrating data from multiple sources such as wearable sensors or electronic medical records into a single platform that could support better decision-making regarding patient care. The field of digital therapeutics is still evolving, but it holds immense promise for revolutionizing how we manage complex health conditions like asthma by empowering patients with effective tools that allow them to take control of their condition proactively.
{"title":"Asthma management with the help of digital therapeutics: Review of clinical trials","authors":"Madhumangesh Wadgaonkar, Aditi Aggarwal, GoutamSingh Solanki","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_21_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_21_23","url":null,"abstract":"Digital therapeutics has emerged as a promising approach to manage chronic health conditions, including asthma. With the help of digital inhalers, mobile apps, and monitoring devices, patients can track their symptoms in real time and access personalized treatment plans remotely. Telemedicine and telemonitoring asthma have enabled health-care providers to monitor patient progress continuously while reducing the need for frequent office visits. Digital inhalers are one such example, providing patients with a complex therapeutic modality to self-administer. One such example is Propeller's digital platform helps asthma patients and their health-care providers record and monitor medication usage, review symptoms, and receive personalized interventions. A literature review was conducted to identify clinical trials reporting the use of digital tools for improving asthma outcomes, which showed that there are only monitoring tools available to improve asthma management through digital therapeutics at present. For example monitoring of adherance, asthma outcomes measurement. However, advancements in technology hold great potential for providing more comprehensive care by integrating data from multiple sources such as wearable sensors or electronic medical records into a single platform that could support better decision-making regarding patient care. The field of digital therapeutics is still evolving, but it holds immense promise for revolutionizing how we manage complex health conditions like asthma by empowering patients with effective tools that allow them to take control of their condition proactively.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_28_23
Raj Kumar, AnilKumar Mavi, Manoj Kumar
Asthma is a chronic airway illness characterized by obstruction to airflow, bronchial hyperreactivity, underlying inflammation, and variable and recurrent symptoms. In different geographical areas, the prevalence of asthma varies from 1% to 18%, affecting around 300 million people worldwide.[1] Asthma prevalence in adults and children in India ranges from 0.96%–11.03% to 2.3%–11.9%, respectively.[2] Sensitization to specific allergens such as house dust mites, animal dander, cockroaches, or molds is a major risk factor for asthma, according to several studies.[3] Asthma symptoms frequently worsen when these allergens and allergic persons contact, as a result of the immune systems attacking the allergens. One of the most prevalent domestic and urban birds is the pigeon. Pigeons and doves belong to the Columbiformes order and the Columbidae family. A pigeon subspecies that evolved from the rock dove is known as the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica or Columba livia forma domestica).[4] The oldest domesticated bird in the world is the rock pigeon. According to research, pigeons were domesticated as early as 10,000 years ago.[5] Pigeon fancying is one of the oldest human traditions, and it is currently a well-liked vocation everywhere in the world. Pigeon feeding is also a very widespread hobby. It has long been known that people who keep pigeons are extremely close to them and are more likely to acquire allergies, including pigeon-breeder's lung, rhinitis, and asthma.[6] With due respect to the religious-minded person, we do not hurt the sentiments of any person. This is just a scientific finding. Pigeon droppings and feathers are a significant source of allergens that are known to cause allergic reactions in people with diseases of the airways such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), asthma, and others.[6] Both city birds and avian pets frequently include pigeons. Pigeon interactions with people have expanded as a result of continuous urbanization and industry, which has boosted their population in cities. Pigeon feathers and droppings have demonstrated potential as sources of sensitizing allergens, which can trigger an allergic reaction.[7,8] HP is frequently brought on by exposure to pigeon feathers and droppings. Pigeon-breeder's disease, also known as occupational lung disease, is a well-known case of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity brought on by exposure to pigeon antigens at work.[9,10] Recent research from India demonstrates that even without a history of occupational exposure, HP is one of the common kinds of interstitial lung disease.[11] In another investigation, 17 out of 108 individuals who had previously been exposed to pigeons were shown to have positive skin prick test results for pigeon allergens. Only 2 (11.8%) patients had a lower serum MUC1 level, whereas the level was greater or upregulated in 15 (88.2%) patients against pigeon antigens.[12] Previous studies have shown that asthma patients with various bird-rel
哮喘是一种慢性气道疾病，其特征是气流阻塞、支气管高反应性、潜在炎症以及可变和反复发作的症状。在不同的地理区域，哮喘的患病率从1%到18%不等，影响全球约3亿人。[1]印度成人和儿童哮喘患病率分别为0.96%-11.03%至2.3%-11.9%。[2]根据几项研究，对特定过敏原(如室内尘螨、动物皮屑、蟑螂或霉菌)的过敏是哮喘的主要危险因素。[3]当这些过敏原和过敏的人接触时，由于免疫系统攻击过敏原，哮喘症状经常恶化。鸽子是最普遍的家禽和城市鸟类之一。鸽子和鸽子属于鸽形目和鸽科。从岩鸽进化而来的鸽子亚种被称为家鸽(Columba livia domestica或Columba livia forma domestica)。[4]世界上最古老的驯养鸟类是岩鸽。根据研究，鸽子早在一万年前就被驯化了。[5]鸽子迷是人类最古老的传统之一，目前在世界各地都是一项很受欢迎的职业。喂鸽子也是一种非常普遍的爱好。人们早就知道，养鸽子的人与它们非常亲近，更容易过敏，包括鸽子饲养者的肺病、鼻炎和哮喘。[6]出于对有宗教信仰的人应有的尊重，我们不会伤害任何人的感情。这只是一个科学发现。鸽子的粪便和羽毛是过敏原的重要来源，已知这些过敏原会引起呼吸道疾病(如过敏性肺炎(HP)、哮喘等)患者的过敏反应。[6]城市鸟类和鸟类宠物经常包括鸽子。由于持续的城市化和工业，鸽子与人类的互动扩大了，这增加了它们在城市的人口。鸽子的羽毛和粪便已被证明是致敏过敏原的潜在来源，可能引发过敏反应。[7,8] HP通常是由接触鸽子羽毛和粪便引起的。鸽子饲养者病，也被称为职业性肺病，是一种众所周知的免疫复合物介导的过敏病例，由工作中接触鸽子抗原引起。[9,10]最近来自印度的研究表明，即使没有职业暴露史，HP也是一种常见的间质性肺病[11]。在另一项调查中，108名曾接触过鸽子的人中有17人的皮肤点刺试验结果显示鸽子过敏原呈阳性。只有2例(11.8%)患者血清MUC1水平较低，而15例(88.2%)患者血清MUC1水平较高或上调。[12]先前的研究表明，患有各种与鸟类有关的HP或对鸽子过敏原(粪便和羽毛)过敏的哮喘患者的血清KL-6水平高于一般人群。[12,13] Bourke等，在一项针对270名鸽爱好者的单纯性慢性支气管炎发病率与禽类暴露和鸽子致敏免疫球蛋白G抗体的关系的研究中。表达他们的意见。他们发现，尽管从未吸烟，也没有其他肺部疾病，但26.2%的鸽子爱好者患有无并发症的慢性支气管炎。[14]在一项针对500名哮喘患者的研究中，迪欧等。得出的结论是，17%的哮喘患者有鸽子抗原反应性，这可能是导致他们所在城市哮喘病例增加的原因。[15]市中心的哮喘发病率可能会增加。一项类似的研究发现，15.7%接触过鸽子的哮喘患者对鸽子过敏原敏感。[16]为有效控制哮喘，哮喘患者应避免不必要地接触鸽抗原。在我们国家，喂鸽子被认为是一种文化和宗教义务。这可能是印度城市哮喘病例增加的原因之一。为了有效地控制病情，我们建议哮喘患者避免不必要地接触鸽子抗原。
{"title":"Pigeon allergy in asthmatics: An update","authors":"Raj Kumar, AnilKumar Mavi, Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_28_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_28_23","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is a chronic airway illness characterized by obstruction to airflow, bronchial hyperreactivity, underlying inflammation, and variable and recurrent symptoms. In different geographical areas, the prevalence of asthma varies from 1% to 18%, affecting around 300 million people worldwide.[1] Asthma prevalence in adults and children in India ranges from 0.96%–11.03% to 2.3%–11.9%, respectively.[2] Sensitization to specific allergens such as house dust mites, animal dander, cockroaches, or molds is a major risk factor for asthma, according to several studies.[3] Asthma symptoms frequently worsen when these allergens and allergic persons contact, as a result of the immune systems attacking the allergens. One of the most prevalent domestic and urban birds is the pigeon. Pigeons and doves belong to the Columbiformes order and the Columbidae family. A pigeon subspecies that evolved from the rock dove is known as the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica or Columba livia forma domestica).[4] The oldest domesticated bird in the world is the rock pigeon. According to research, pigeons were domesticated as early as 10,000 years ago.[5] Pigeon fancying is one of the oldest human traditions, and it is currently a well-liked vocation everywhere in the world. Pigeon feeding is also a very widespread hobby. It has long been known that people who keep pigeons are extremely close to them and are more likely to acquire allergies, including pigeon-breeder's lung, rhinitis, and asthma.[6] With due respect to the religious-minded person, we do not hurt the sentiments of any person. This is just a scientific finding. Pigeon droppings and feathers are a significant source of allergens that are known to cause allergic reactions in people with diseases of the airways such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), asthma, and others.[6] Both city birds and avian pets frequently include pigeons. Pigeon interactions with people have expanded as a result of continuous urbanization and industry, which has boosted their population in cities. Pigeon feathers and droppings have demonstrated potential as sources of sensitizing allergens, which can trigger an allergic reaction.[7,8] HP is frequently brought on by exposure to pigeon feathers and droppings. Pigeon-breeder's disease, also known as occupational lung disease, is a well-known case of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity brought on by exposure to pigeon antigens at work.[9,10] Recent research from India demonstrates that even without a history of occupational exposure, HP is one of the common kinds of interstitial lung disease.[11] In another investigation, 17 out of 108 individuals who had previously been exposed to pigeons were shown to have positive skin prick test results for pigeon allergens. Only 2 (11.8%) patients had a lower serum MUC1 level, whereas the level was greater or upregulated in 15 (88.2%) patients against pigeon antigens.[12] Previous studies have shown that asthma patients with various bird-rel","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135446420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_13_23
Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit
Sir, The COVID-19 vaccine and influenza (flu) vaccination (dual immunization) may be administered simultaneously, per the clinical recommendation.[1] According to the results, dual immunization might be a good strategy to reduce the prevalence of infectious respiratory disorders.[1] In 63 of the investigations, a report by Xie et al. confirms the efficacy and safety of the combined COVID-19 and flu vaccination. There were no changes in adverse events or anti-spike antibody levels.[1] In this study, the authors go into greater detail about 42 occurrences of concurrent COVID-19 and seasonal flu vaccination delivery. The concurrent dual vaccines were given in every case in accordance with local norms. Based on monitoring of the reported adverse event,[2] there is no adverse effect. However, the mentioned reports are only very small observations studied and there is still no exact data on the incidence rate of adverse effects in the case of concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine is available. Essentially, each vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, and seasonal influenza vaccine have its own incidence rate of adverse effects. When the two vaccines are used together, the combined chance of an adverse effect can be expected.[3] However, there is also the possibility of both vaccines having an adverse effect. Using a mathematical model-based approach, based on set theory, the final expected rate of adverse effect in case of concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine will be equal to “chance of adverse effect due to COVID-19 vaccine + Change of adverse effect due to influenza vaccine − Chance of jointed probability due to both vaccines.” This model is being used to predict the expected rate of adverse effects associated with the concurrent administration of the COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine. According to previous data, the risk of adverse effects from the COVID-19 vaccine is 14.97/100,000 doses[4] and the risk of serious adverse effects from the influenza vaccine is 0.07 cases/100,000 distributed doses of the vaccine.[5] The combined chance resulting from both vaccines is projected to be per 0.0000001/100,000 doses, which is incredibly small. Calculated to be 15.04/100,000 doses, which is just nonsignificant for nondual COVID-19 vaccine administration, is the ultimate predicted rate of major side effects in the case of concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccination and seasonal influenza vaccine. Therefore, it can attest to the safety and applicability of concurrent administration of the COVID-19 vaccine and the seasonal influenza vaccination in clinical settings. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
{"title":"Concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine: Expected rate of adverse effect","authors":"Rujittika Mungmunpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_13_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_13_23","url":null,"abstract":"Sir, The COVID-19 vaccine and influenza (flu) vaccination (dual immunization) may be administered simultaneously, per the clinical recommendation.[1] According to the results, dual immunization might be a good strategy to reduce the prevalence of infectious respiratory disorders.[1] In 63 of the investigations, a report by Xie et al. confirms the efficacy and safety of the combined COVID-19 and flu vaccination. There were no changes in adverse events or anti-spike antibody levels.[1] In this study, the authors go into greater detail about 42 occurrences of concurrent COVID-19 and seasonal flu vaccination delivery. The concurrent dual vaccines were given in every case in accordance with local norms. Based on monitoring of the reported adverse event,[2] there is no adverse effect. However, the mentioned reports are only very small observations studied and there is still no exact data on the incidence rate of adverse effects in the case of concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine is available. Essentially, each vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, and seasonal influenza vaccine have its own incidence rate of adverse effects. When the two vaccines are used together, the combined chance of an adverse effect can be expected.[3] However, there is also the possibility of both vaccines having an adverse effect. Using a mathematical model-based approach, based on set theory, the final expected rate of adverse effect in case of concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine will be equal to “chance of adverse effect due to COVID-19 vaccine + Change of adverse effect due to influenza vaccine − Chance of jointed probability due to both vaccines.” This model is being used to predict the expected rate of adverse effects associated with the concurrent administration of the COVID-19 vaccine and seasonal influenza vaccine. According to previous data, the risk of adverse effects from the COVID-19 vaccine is 14.97/100,000 doses[4] and the risk of serious adverse effects from the influenza vaccine is 0.07 cases/100,000 distributed doses of the vaccine.[5] The combined chance resulting from both vaccines is projected to be per 0.0000001/100,000 doses, which is incredibly small. Calculated to be 15.04/100,000 doses, which is just nonsignificant for nondual COVID-19 vaccine administration, is the ultimate predicted rate of major side effects in the case of concurrent administration of COVID-19 vaccination and seasonal influenza vaccine. Therefore, it can attest to the safety and applicability of concurrent administration of the COVID-19 vaccine and the seasonal influenza vaccination in clinical settings. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_17_23
Anil Kumar, AnilKumar Jain
BACKGROUND: Various factors are involved in poorly controlled asthma despite adequate medication and proper inhalation techniques. Mold sensitivity has been associated with increased rates of hospital and intensive care admissions in adults. The fungal sensitization with severe asthma has been coined to describe fungal-sensitized patients with treatment-resistant asthma. The objective of this study was to compare asthma control between fungal- and nonfungal-sensitized (NFS) asthma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six cases of asthma were included over a period of 12 months in this prospective study. Data were captured using a proforma. Skin prick test was done as per standard protocol in all patients and a control assessment was done after 6–8 weeks of treatment as per GINA guidelines using Asthma Control Test (ACT) score. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. RESULTS: Out of 56 enrolled, 32.1% were fungal sensitized and 55.4% to NFS. Seven (12.5%) patients did not have clinically significant reactions. Maximum sensitization was found with Aspergillus spp. but no sensitization with Epicoccum and Cladosporium. Asthma was found to be poorly controlled in 77.8% of the fungal-sensitized group with a mean ACT score of 17.7 ± 1.8 as compared to 6.5% in the NFS group with mean ACT of 21.35 ± 1.6, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Fungal sensitization was associated with poorly controlled asthma despite adequate medications and education. Early diagnosis and treatment in these patients with antifungals may improve quality of life, reduce exacerbations, and control of the primary disease.
{"title":"Fungal sensitization and its impact on asthma control – A prospective study at allergy clinic","authors":"Anil Kumar, AnilKumar Jain","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_17_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_17_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Various factors are involved in poorly controlled asthma despite adequate medication and proper inhalation techniques. Mold sensitivity has been associated with increased rates of hospital and intensive care admissions in adults. The fungal sensitization with severe asthma has been coined to describe fungal-sensitized patients with treatment-resistant asthma. The objective of this study was to compare asthma control between fungal- and nonfungal-sensitized (NFS) asthma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six cases of asthma were included over a period of 12 months in this prospective study. Data were captured using a proforma. Skin prick test was done as per standard protocol in all patients and a control assessment was done after 6–8 weeks of treatment as per GINA guidelines using Asthma Control Test (ACT) score. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. RESULTS: Out of 56 enrolled, 32.1% were fungal sensitized and 55.4% to NFS. Seven (12.5%) patients did not have clinically significant reactions. Maximum sensitization was found with Aspergillus spp. but no sensitization with Epicoccum and Cladosporium. Asthma was found to be poorly controlled in 77.8% of the fungal-sensitized group with a mean ACT score of 17.7 ± 1.8 as compared to 6.5% in the NFS group with mean ACT of 21.35 ± 1.6, respectively (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Fungal sensitization was associated with poorly controlled asthma despite adequate medications and education. Early diagnosis and treatment in these patients with antifungals may improve quality of life, reduce exacerbations, and control of the primary disease.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dysregulation in the homeostasis of the cytokine pool induces severity in COVID-19 disease, which may result in poor clinical outcomes in severely ill patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17A, and interferon-α (IFN-α) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its association with the disease severity and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based method. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed for the cytokines. RESULTS: Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than healthy control volunteers. Across severity groups, serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the severe group, whereas IFN-α was significantly higher in the mild–moderate group. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the deceased group compared to the recovered group. ROC analysis suggests that serum IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for severity and clinical outcome, respectively. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α in COVID-19 patients indicate cytokine dysregulation following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Elevated serum IL-6 was associated with disease severity and poor clinical outcome. Elevated IFN-α in mild–moderate group compared to the severe group signifies the antiviral effect of IFN-α may help in limiting disease severity in COVID-19 disease. Our data suggest that IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for disease severity and clinical outcome, respectively.
{"title":"Serum level of interleukin-6, interleukin-17A, and interferon-α in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and their clinical correlation: A hospital-based case–control study from North-East India","authors":"Abhijit Bharali, Suresh Sharma, PareshKumar Sarma, Uddip Talukdar, Ramen Talukdar, Nalini Mishra, Dipankar Baruah, Rizwana Sultana","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_19_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_19_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dysregulation in the homeostasis of the cytokine pool induces severity in COVID-19 disease, which may result in poor clinical outcomes in severely ill patients. The main objective of this study was to evaluate serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17A, and interferon-α (IFN-α) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and its association with the disease severity and clinical outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-one hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based method. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed for the cytokines. RESULTS: Serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients than healthy control volunteers. Across severity groups, serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the severe group, whereas IFN-α was significantly higher in the mild–moderate group. Serum IL-6 was significantly higher in the deceased group compared to the recovered group. ROC analysis suggests that serum IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for severity and clinical outcome, respectively. CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of serum IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-α in COVID-19 patients indicate cytokine dysregulation following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Elevated serum IL-6 was associated with disease severity and poor clinical outcome. Elevated IFN-α in mild–moderate group compared to the severe group signifies the antiviral effect of IFN-α may help in limiting disease severity in COVID-19 disease. Our data suggest that IL-6 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for disease severity and clinical outcome, respectively.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raj Kumar, S. Gaur, M. Agarwal, B. Menon, N. Goel, P. Mrigpuri, S. Spalgais, A. Priya, Kapil Kumar, Rahul Meena, N. Sankararaman, ArvindKumar Verma, VatsalBhushan Gupta, Sonal, A. Prakash, MAhmed Safwan, D. Behera, Anand B. Singh, N. Arora, R. Prasad, M. Padukudru, S. Kant, A. Janmeja, A. Mohan, V. Jain, KomarlaV Nagendra Prasad, K. Nagaraju, M. Goyal
{"title":"Indian Guidelines for diagnosis of respiratory allergy","authors":"Raj Kumar, S. Gaur, M. Agarwal, B. Menon, N. Goel, P. Mrigpuri, S. Spalgais, A. Priya, Kapil Kumar, Rahul Meena, N. Sankararaman, ArvindKumar Verma, VatsalBhushan Gupta, Sonal, A. Prakash, MAhmed Safwan, D. Behera, Anand B. Singh, N. Arora, R. Prasad, M. Padukudru, S. Kant, A. Janmeja, A. Mohan, V. Jain, KomarlaV Nagendra Prasad, K. Nagaraju, M. Goyal","doi":"10.5005/ijcdas-63-4-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5005/ijcdas-63-4-223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"31 1","pages":"1 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78669665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_10_23
S. Patil, A. Zope
{"title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus with hyperimmunoglobulin E","authors":"S. Patil, A. Zope","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_10_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_10_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"20 1","pages":"101 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84041322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_2_23
Raj Kumar, M. Kumar, Dheeresh Kumar, A. Mavi, Kamal Singh, P. Mrigpuri, Ravishankar Nagaraja
BACKGROUND: Meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants may affect pollen counts in the North Delhi region that produce a variety of pollen and it may affect patients with respiratory illness. OBJECTIVE: This study was planned to see the effect of meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants on pollen counts and its association with emergency hospital visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2015 to 2020, atmospheric pollen was collected (24-h sampling) using a Volumetric Burkard Air Sampler. RESULTS: The total pollen count was (n = 461,474) in the last 6 years and the maximum pollen count was (n = 85,363) observed in the year 2016. Pollen count was high (>500) in the months of March and April during the study tenure, however, October month of the year 2015 and 2017 also crossed this range of pollen count (>500). During the years 2015–2020, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide had a negative association with pollen count that was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but sulfur dioxide had a positive correlation that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Maximum emergency hospital visits were in 2019. Pollen count positively correlated with emergency hospital visits only for the year 2015. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants have a significant influence on the pollen counts that may affect the patient's hospital visits.
{"title":"Impact of air pollutants, meteorological factors on pollen counts, and its association with patients emergency hospital visits in the North Delhi region","authors":"Raj Kumar, M. Kumar, Dheeresh Kumar, A. Mavi, Kamal Singh, P. Mrigpuri, Ravishankar Nagaraja","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants may affect pollen counts in the North Delhi region that produce a variety of pollen and it may affect patients with respiratory illness. OBJECTIVE: This study was planned to see the effect of meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants on pollen counts and its association with emergency hospital visits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2015 to 2020, atmospheric pollen was collected (24-h sampling) using a Volumetric Burkard Air Sampler. RESULTS: The total pollen count was (n = 461,474) in the last 6 years and the maximum pollen count was (n = 85,363) observed in the year 2016. Pollen count was high (>500) in the months of March and April during the study tenure, however, October month of the year 2015 and 2017 also crossed this range of pollen count (>500). During the years 2015–2020, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide had a negative association with pollen count that was statistically significant (P < 0.05), but sulfur dioxide had a positive correlation that was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Maximum emergency hospital visits were in 2019. Pollen count positively correlated with emergency hospital visits only for the year 2015. CONCLUSION: This study concludes that meteorological factors and environmental air pollutants have a significant influence on the pollen counts that may affect the patient's hospital visits.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"37 1","pages":"73 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89617428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. COPD is a growing global health concern affecting over 300 million people worldwide and contributing to ~3 million deaths every year. COPD being a respiratory disorder affects the daily routine activities of people and causes immobilization and makes them bedridden due to dyspnea causing activity limitation. This study aimed to assess this activity-related dyspnea in COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among COPD patients. Patients were assessed based on a detailed history, thorough clinical examination, chest X-ray, sputum for Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and electrocardiogram to fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, spirometry, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and Borg's scale were used to assess the activity-related dyspnea grading. RESULTS: Among 110 participants, the mean age was 57.51 ± 10.86 years with equal gender distribution. The majority of participants (33.6%) showed mMRC grade II dyspnea and medium range CAT category and obstructive pattern on spirometry (92.7%). Hence, there was a linear correlation between the CAT score and the mMRC dyspnea score. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we can conclude that these patients' activities of daily living should be examined, and patients should be directed by a complete multidisciplinary team to offer them better advice to prevent, diagnose, and early treatment of dyspnea.
{"title":"To assess activity-related dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients","authors":"Subah Sahni, Devendra Singh, Tarana Sarwat, Rahul Verma, Jyoti Mishra, Mohan Gupta","doi":"10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_22_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijaai.ijaai_22_23","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the world. COPD is a growing global health concern affecting over 300 million people worldwide and contributing to ~3 million deaths every year. COPD being a respiratory disorder affects the daily routine activities of people and causes immobilization and makes them bedridden due to dyspnea causing activity limitation. This study aimed to assess this activity-related dyspnea in COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among COPD patients. Patients were assessed based on a detailed history, thorough clinical examination, chest X-ray, sputum for Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and electrocardiogram to fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Furthermore, spirometry, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea scale, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, and Borg's scale were used to assess the activity-related dyspnea grading. RESULTS: Among 110 participants, the mean age was 57.51 ± 10.86 years with equal gender distribution. The majority of participants (33.6%) showed mMRC grade II dyspnea and medium range CAT category and obstructive pattern on spirometry (92.7%). Hence, there was a linear correlation between the CAT score and the mMRC dyspnea score. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we can conclude that these patients' activities of daily living should be examined, and patients should be directed by a complete multidisciplinary team to offer them better advice to prevent, diagnose, and early treatment of dyspnea.","PeriodicalId":53075,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Allergy Asthma and Immunology","volume":"80 1","pages":"92 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77795085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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