This study investigated the relationship between the English vocabulary size of first language Cantonese speakers in Macau (N = 77) and engagement in extramural English activities. The 140-item Vocabulary Size Test was used to collect data on participants’ vocabulary size and a 13-item questionnaire tapped into background learning experiences as well as participation in 16 extramural activities. Small correlations between vocabulary size and book reading, subtitled television viewing, non-subtitled online video viewing, level of education, study abroad experience, and travel abroad experience were found. A medium correlation between vocabulary size and language of instruction in secondary school was also found. A four variable sequential regression accounted for 26% of the variance in participants’ vocabulary sizes, with book reading adding the most explanatory power after language of instruction in secondary school had been eliminated. The impact of extramural activities on vocabulary size and pedagogical implications for the Macau and similar contexts were discussed.
{"title":"The relationship between extramural English engagement and the vocabulary size of L1 Cantonese speakers in Macau","authors":"Ho I (Anna) Tam, B. Reynolds","doi":"10.1075/itl.21003.tam","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21003.tam","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study investigated the relationship between the English vocabulary size of first language Cantonese speakers in Macau (N = 77) and engagement in extramural English activities. The 140-item Vocabulary Size Test was used to collect data on participants’ vocabulary size and a 13-item questionnaire tapped into background learning experiences as well as participation in 16 extramural activities. Small correlations between vocabulary size and book reading, subtitled television viewing, non-subtitled online video viewing, level of education, study abroad experience, and travel abroad experience were found. A medium correlation between vocabulary size and language of instruction in secondary school was also found. A four variable sequential regression accounted for 26% of the variance in participants’ vocabulary sizes, with book reading adding the most explanatory power after language of instruction in secondary school had been eliminated. The impact of extramural activities on vocabulary size and pedagogical implications for the Macau and similar contexts were discussed.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48112698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have reported that the use of music-related activities (e.g. hand-clapping or songs) can help learners to acquire foreign languages. It remains unclear, however, whether music-based approaches help every learner equally or whether it is more beneficial for learners with a musical background, such as musical practice, musical abilities, or engagement in musical activities. In order to answer this question, we tested 80 French speakers whose musical background was evaluated using a questionnaire. They performed a word stress processing task in Dutch containing spoken stimuli, spoken stimuli with a beat, or sung stimuli. The results show that learners with some musical characteristics obtain higher scores than other learners and that the use of music in the task can favor learners with a musical background.
{"title":"Using music in a word stress processing task","authors":"P. Degrave","doi":"10.1075/itl.21011.deg","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21011.deg","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Previous studies have reported that the use of music-related activities (e.g. hand-clapping or songs) can help\u0000 learners to acquire foreign languages. It remains unclear, however, whether music-based approaches help every learner equally or\u0000 whether it is more beneficial for learners with a musical background, such as musical practice, musical abilities, or engagement\u0000 in musical activities. In order to answer this question, we tested 80 French speakers whose musical background was evaluated using\u0000 a questionnaire. They performed a word stress processing task in Dutch containing spoken stimuli, spoken stimuli with a beat, or\u0000 sung stimuli. The results show that learners with some musical characteristics obtain higher scores than other learners and that\u0000 the use of music in the task can favor learners with a musical background.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT) paradigm has recently emerged as a comprehensive approach that aims to bring together innovative pedagogical proposals. This paper argues that pop culture materials such as telecinematic representations can purposefully be integrated into innovative GELT-oriented classroom practices. The use of this material can assist teachers in the double task of (i) raising the learners’ critical awareness of sociolinguistic variation and problematizing the stereotypical image of monolithic English; (ii) shifting the focus of the ELT classroom from prescriptive grammar and standard English towards fostering the learners’ receptive and communicative skills. This is a conceptual paper that gives several broad suggestions as to how to adopt pop culture materials into innovative GELT-oriented classroom practice and mentions a select few examples of said telecinematic representations.
{"title":"Beyond monolithic English","authors":"M. Bagni, Zeenat Sumra","doi":"10.1075/itl.21016.bag","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21016.bag","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT) paradigm has recently emerged as a comprehensive approach that aims\u0000 to bring together innovative pedagogical proposals. This paper argues that pop culture materials such as telecinematic\u0000 representations can purposefully be integrated into innovative GELT-oriented classroom practices. The use of this material can\u0000 assist teachers in the double task of (i) raising the learners’ critical awareness of sociolinguistic variation and problematizing\u0000 the stereotypical image of monolithic English; (ii) shifting the focus of the ELT classroom from prescriptive grammar and standard\u0000 English towards fostering the learners’ receptive and communicative skills. This is a conceptual paper that gives several broad\u0000 suggestions as to how to adopt pop culture materials into innovative GELT-oriented classroom practice and mentions a select few\u0000 examples of said telecinematic representations.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fandubbing, or dubbing made by fans of any audiovisual product, is a linguistically and technologically sophisticated enterprise enacted by many devoted fans. This study presents the case of Miree, a 24-year-old fandubber with more than 1 million subscribers on YouTube and more than 300 multilingual fandubbed songs. Using a qualitative-interpretive approach, we conducted an in-depth interview with Miree and analyzed her top 30 videos by views to reveal how Miree performed fandubbing, how she expressed her fan identity through fandubbing, and which were some of the implications of fandubbing for language learning. Results show that Miree realized both interlinguistic genuine fandubbing and intralinguistic parodic fandubbing, strategically adopting translanguaging to orchestrate a multimodal performance, engage her fanbase, and activate several informal language learning opportunities and contexts afforded by fandubbing.
{"title":"“¿Triste estás? I don’t know nan molla”","authors":"Leticia-Tian Zhang, Boris Vazquez-Calvo","doi":"10.1075/itl.21007.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21007.zha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fandubbing, or dubbing made by fans of any audiovisual product, is a linguistically and technologically\u0000 sophisticated enterprise enacted by many devoted fans. This study presents the case of Miree, a 24-year-old fandubber with more than 1 million subscribers on YouTube and more than 300 multilingual fandubbed songs. Using a\u0000 qualitative-interpretive approach, we conducted an in-depth interview with Miree and analyzed her top 30 videos by views to reveal\u0000 how Miree performed fandubbing, how she expressed her fan identity through fandubbing, and which were some of the implications of\u0000 fandubbing for language learning. Results show that Miree realized both interlinguistic genuine fandubbing and\u0000 intralinguistic parodic fandubbing, strategically adopting translanguaging to orchestrate a multimodal\u0000 performance, engage her fanbase, and activate several informal language learning opportunities and contexts afforded by\u0000 fandubbing.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korean pop culture is becoming more and more popular outside of Korea and Asia. This trend draws enormous attention to Korean culture, history, and of course, the language. Surveys show that more and more people are learning the language precisely because of their love for Korean pop culture. Such a tendency could not but affect how Korean is taught. In this article, I will look into how the syllabus, teaching methods, and materials used in the KFL classrooms have changed under the influence of Korean pop culture. Moreover, in order to identify if the use of materials related to pop culture can benefit students’ motivation and performance, I conducted an experiment with two groups of students, all starting their beginner-level course (three months). The results of the study showed how the use of such materials in the classroom can affect students’ motivation and attitude toward learning.
{"title":"Korean pop culture reshaping Korean teaching","authors":"Olga Kriukova","doi":"10.1075/itl.21010.kri","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21010.kri","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Korean pop culture is becoming more and more popular outside of Korea and Asia. This trend draws enormous\u0000 attention to Korean culture, history, and of course, the language. Surveys show that more and more people are learning the\u0000 language precisely because of their love for Korean pop culture. Such a tendency could not but affect how Korean is taught. In\u0000 this article, I will look into how the syllabus, teaching methods, and materials used in the KFL classrooms have changed under the\u0000 influence of Korean pop culture. Moreover, in order to identify if the use of materials related to pop culture can benefit\u0000 students’ motivation and performance, I conducted an experiment with two groups of students, all starting their beginner-level\u0000 course (three months). The results of the study showed how the use of such materials in the classroom can affect students’\u0000 motivation and attitude toward learning.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of (2021):","authors":"Duy Van Vu","doi":"10.1075/itl.21018.van","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21018.van","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47231683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through the lens of Dörnyei’s (2005) Second Language Motivational Self System, this exploratory study focused on two groups of Canadian newcomers learning English in the traditional classroom setting (English as a Second Language [ESL]; n = 37) and the workplace (Workplace Language Training [WLT]; n = 29) to determine the role of motivation in their integration into Canadian society and development of the ‘Canadian self’. The results, collected by way of a questionnaire and follow-up interviews, show newcomers holding positive attitudes towards English learning and building their Canadian identity in the process. Notably, beliefs concerning the value of employment to fulfill personal obligations and duties promoted the WLT learners’ motivation and willingness to engage with language learning significantly more than those of their ESL counterparts. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
{"title":"Exploring underlying elements of the motivational self system among learners in two instructional contexts","authors":"Fatima Ady, Eva Kartchava, M. Rodgers","doi":"10.1075/itl.21002.ady","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21002.ady","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Through the lens of Dörnyei’s (2005) Second Language Motivational Self System, this exploratory study focused on two groups of Canadian newcomers learning English in the traditional classroom setting (English as a Second Language [ESL]; n = 37) and the workplace (Workplace Language Training [WLT]; n = 29) to determine the role of motivation in their integration into Canadian society and development of the ‘Canadian self’. The results, collected by way of a questionnaire and follow-up interviews, show newcomers holding positive attitudes towards English learning and building their Canadian identity in the process. Notably, beliefs concerning the value of employment to fulfill personal obligations and duties promoted the WLT learners’ motivation and willingness to engage with language learning significantly more than those of their ESL counterparts. Pedagogical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47575517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the texts that second language learners engage with include both text (written and/or spoken) and images. The use of images accompanying texts is believed to support reading comprehension and facilitate learning. Despite their widespread use, very little is known about how the presentation of multiple input sources affects the attentional demands and the underlying cognitive processes involved. This paper provides a review of research on multimodal reading, with a focus on attentional processing. It first introduces the relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence provided in support of the use of pictures in reading. It then reviews studies that have looked at the processing of text and pictures in first and second language contexts. Based on this review, main gaps in research and future research directions are identified. The discussion provided in this paper aims at advancing research on multimodal reading in a second language. Achieving a better understanding of the underlying cognitive processes in multimodal reading is crucial to inform pedagogical practices and to develop theoretical accounts of second language multimodal reading.
{"title":"Multimodal reading and second language learning","authors":"A. Pellicer‐Sánchez","doi":"10.1075/itl.21039.pel","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21039.pel","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Most of the texts that second language learners engage with include both text (written and/or spoken) and images.\u0000 The use of images accompanying texts is believed to support reading comprehension and facilitate learning. Despite their\u0000 widespread use, very little is known about how the presentation of multiple input sources affects the attentional demands and the\u0000 underlying cognitive processes involved. This paper provides a review of research on multimodal reading, with a focus on\u0000 attentional processing. It first introduces the relevant theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence provided in support of the\u0000 use of pictures in reading. It then reviews studies that have looked at the processing of text and pictures in first and second\u0000 language contexts. Based on this review, main gaps in research and future research directions are identified. The discussion\u0000 provided in this paper aims at advancing research on multimodal reading in a second language. Achieving a better understanding of\u0000 the underlying cognitive processes in multimodal reading is crucial to inform pedagogical practices and to develop theoretical\u0000 accounts of second language multimodal reading.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extramural English (EE) exposure has been shown to correlate with general vocabulary knowledge. It remains uncertain, however, how academic vocabulary knowledge correlates with EE and can be explained by EE factors and demographic factors. Therefore, an academic vocabulary test, a background questionnaire, and a survey on current EE involvement were administered to 817 Swedish upper-secondary students in university-preparatory study programmes. A linear model revealed little explanation from demographic factors (age, gender, number of first languages, length of English instruction, and parental educational level) whereas EE factors (reading, listening & viewing without textual support, viewing with Swedish subtitles) accounted for 26% of the variation. Since extensive EE involvement may support the incidental learning of academic lexis, the paper suggests pre-tertiary instructional principles being guided by extramural as well as intramural incidental learning opportunities.
{"title":"Receptive academic vocabulary knowledge and extramural English involvement – is there a correlation?","authors":"Marcus Warnby","doi":"10.1075/itl.21021.war","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21021.war","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Extramural English (EE) exposure has been shown to correlate with general vocabulary knowledge. It remains uncertain, however, how academic vocabulary knowledge correlates with EE and can be explained by EE factors and demographic factors. Therefore, an academic vocabulary test, a background questionnaire, and a survey on current EE involvement were administered to 817 Swedish upper-secondary students in university-preparatory study programmes. A linear model revealed little explanation from demographic factors (age, gender, number of first languages, length of English instruction, and parental educational level) whereas EE factors (reading, listening & viewing without textual support, viewing with Swedish subtitles) accounted for 26% of the variation. Since extensive EE involvement may support the incidental learning of academic lexis, the paper suggests pre-tertiary instructional principles being guided by extramural as well as intramural incidental learning opportunities.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the effect of sociobiographical, emotional, attitudinal characteristics and teacher perceptions of 275 Kazakh secondary school pupils and 317 university students on their exam performance in Turkish as a foreign language (FL). Multiple regression analyses reveal that exam results in Turkish of secondary school pupils are predicted by teacher gender, participant’s age, attitude towards the FL and FL Classroom Anxiety. A very different picture emerges for university students, where FL level, participant’s gender, FL Enjoyment, FL Classroom Anxiety and teacher’s age explain more than twice as much variance. FL exam scores for both groups are thus underpinned by different sets of complex interactions between multiple learner-internal and learner-external variables and the effect of emotions is much stronger among university learners.
{"title":"The predictors of exam performance of Kazakh university students and secondary school pupils learning Turkish","authors":"Jean–Marc Dewaele","doi":"10.1075/itl.21019.dew","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.21019.dew","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The present study investigates the effect of sociobiographical, emotional, attitudinal characteristics and teacher perceptions of 275 Kazakh secondary school pupils and 317 university students on their exam performance in Turkish as a foreign language (FL). Multiple regression analyses reveal that exam results in Turkish of secondary school pupils are predicted by teacher gender, participant’s age, attitude towards the FL and FL Classroom Anxiety. A very different picture emerges for university students, where FL level, participant’s gender, FL Enjoyment, FL Classroom Anxiety and teacher’s age explain more than twice as much variance. FL exam scores for both groups are thus underpinned by different sets of complex interactions between multiple learner-internal and learner-external variables and the effect of emotions is much stronger among university learners.","PeriodicalId":53175,"journal":{"name":"ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics (Belgium)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42865711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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