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The Case of "Hiro": Treating Tourette Syndrome by Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) “Hiro”综合行为干预治疗抽动秽语综合征
Pub Date : 2017-04-23 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V13I1.1998
Jeremy D. Lichtman
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is an efficacious treatment for Tourette Syndrome (TS), with a manualized version available for guiding practitioners through treatment. However, CBIT is still a fairly new treatment for TS and rigorous training in its application is sparse. Additionally, potential treatment considerations are not thoroughly described in the manual. This dissertation presents a systematic case study that specifically analyzes the use of the manual with 10-year-old "Hiro," a South Asian Indian boy with TS who also had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is a confounding factor in the treatment of TS. To do this meant applying flexibility and an "hypothesizing-then-testing" mentality. The creation of an individualized case formulation and an associated treatment plan for Hiro were very valuable components in his treatment. The case study chronicles Hiro's successful treatment and explores how and when adherence to the manual was effective as well as how and when greater flexibility was required. Furthermore, the case study explores factors in the clinician/client relationship and how that relationship can prove a powerful tool in treatment. Options for how to maintain treatment goals after termination are also examined.
认知行为疗法(CBT)结合Tics综合行为干预(CBIT)是抽动秽语综合征(TS)的有效治疗方法,可通过手册化版本指导从业者进行治疗。然而,CBIT仍然是TS的一种相当新的治疗方法,并且在其应用中很少进行严格的培训。此外,本手册中并未对潜在的治疗注意事项进行全面说明。本文提出了一个系统的案例研究,专门分析了10岁的“Hiro”使用该手册的情况,他是一名患有TS的南亚印度男孩,也患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD),这是TS治疗中的一个混杂因素。为Hiro制定个性化的病例配方和相关的治疗计划是他治疗中非常有价值的组成部分。该案例研究记录了Hiro的成功治疗,并探讨了如何以及何时遵守手册是有效的,以及如何以及何时需要更大的灵活性。此外,该案例研究探讨了临床医生/客户关系中的因素,以及这种关系如何成为治疗的有力工具。终止治疗后如何保持治疗目标的选项也被审查。
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引用次数: 4
From Cook to Culinarian: Going Beyond the Manual When Delivering Behavior Therapy to Treat Tourette Disorder 从厨师到厨师:在提供行为疗法治疗抽动秽语症时超越手册
Pub Date : 2017-04-23 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V13I1.2000
B. Wellen, M. Himle
In the case of Hiro, Dr. Jeremy Lichtman (2017, this issue) describes how he flexibly employed a manualized behavior therapy protocol to successfully treat a child’s involuntary motor and vocal tics.  In doing so, he raises interesting observations and questions regarding manualized psychotherapy treatment protocols, including their intended role, the need for "flexibility with fidelity," and the strengths and limitations of following manuals in a step-by-step fashion. In our commentary, we draw upon Dr. Lichtman’s experience in treating Hiro to highlight what we see as the two most important factors in Hiro’s treatment: (1) the therapist’s firm grasp of the underlying theory behind behavior therapy for tics, which allowed for flexibility in treatment delivery without jeopardizing treatment fidelity, and (2) the importance of having a strong foundational clinical skill set prior to beginning treatment
在Hiro的案例中,Jeremy Lichtman博士(2017,本期)描述了他如何灵活地采用手动行为治疗方案来成功治疗儿童的非自主运动和发声抽搐。在这样做的过程中,他提出了关于手册化心理治疗方案的有趣观察和问题,包括它们的预期作用、“灵活性和忠诚度”的必要性,以及以循序渐进的方式遵循手册的优势和局限性。在我们的评论中,我们借鉴了Lichtman医生治疗Hiro的经验,强调了我们认为Hiro治疗中最重要的两个因素:(1)治疗师对抽搐行为疗法背后的基本理论的坚定把握,这允许在不影响治疗保真度的情况下灵活地提供治疗,以及(2)在开始治疗之前拥有强大的基础临床技能的重要性
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引用次数: 1
Perspectives on Training Clinicians to Effectively Implement Evidence-based Treatment for Tourette Syndrome 培训临床医生有效实施抽动秽语综合征循证治疗的观点
Pub Date : 2017-04-23 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V13I1.2001
Daniela Colognori, Lori Rockmore
Tourette Syndrome is a common childhood disorder that is often misunderstood by the public and undertreated due to a lack of knowledge among medical and mental health professionals. This paper describes how the Tourette Syndrome (TS) Program at Rutgers University provides and disseminates specialized care to the TS community while allowing psychologists-in-training to develop expertise in evidence-based assessment and intervention for individuals with TS. Discussion will focus on training doctoral students in clinical and school psychology to specialize in this area. We will utilize Lichtman’s (2017) case study of Hiro, which was implemented within the TS Program at Rutgers, to emphasize important training issues and illustrate some common pitfalls of novice clinicians conducting this treatment.
图雷特综合症是一种常见的儿童疾病,由于医学和精神卫生专业人员缺乏知识,经常被公众误解和治疗不足。本文描述了罗格斯大学的抽动秽语综合征(TS)项目如何为TS社区提供和传播专业护理,同时允许培训心理学家在循证评估和干预方面发展专业知识。讨论将重点放在培养临床和学校心理学博士生,使其专攻这一领域。我们将利用Lichtman(2017)对Hiro的案例研究,该研究在罗格斯大学的TS项目中实施,强调重要的培训问题,并说明新手临床医生进行这种治疗的一些常见陷阱。
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引用次数: 2
On Protocols and Principles in the Case of Hiro 论希罗案中的协议与原则
Pub Date : 2017-04-23 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V13I1.1999
M. Capriotti
Dr. Jeremy Lichtman (2017, in this issue) presents a case of successful behavioral treatment of tics in "Hiro," a 10-year-old boy with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This commentary discusses the case of Hiro from a principle-oriented approach, with particular focus on issues related to parental involvement in treatment, addressing comorbidity and therapy-interfering behavior, and planning for generalization and long-term maintenance.
杰里米·利特曼博士(2017年,本期)介绍了一个成功的行为治疗抽动症的案例,这是一个患有图雷特综合症(TS)和注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的10岁男孩“小宏”。这篇评论从原则性的角度讨论了Hiro的案例,特别关注与父母参与治疗有关的问题,解决合并症和治疗干扰行为,以及推广和长期维持的计划。
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引用次数: 1
Mechanical/Algorithmic Versus Flexible/Creative Clinical Practice: How Underlying Principles Bridge the Gap 机械/算法与灵活/创造性临床实践:基本原则如何弥合差距
Pub Date : 2017-04-23 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V13I1.2002
Jeremy D. Lichtman
In the case of "Hiro" (Lichtman, 2017) I described the successful use of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) in a young boy with Tourette Syndrome (TS). In three different commentaries on this case, authors noted important concepts regarding the use of manuals in treating TS; how an understanding of underlying principles is important in flexible use of manuals; and how training impacts the treatment of TS. In my response to these commentaries, I hope to continue the conversation of how to use manuals in psychotherapy in general as well as in the treatment of TS in particular. Specifically, I hope to address the seeming dichotomy between a mechanical, algorithmic approach to treatment versus a flexible, creative approach, and to ultimately show that an understanding of the underlying principles guiding manualized treatment provides room for ingenuity that proves this dichotomy false.
在“Hiro”(Lichtman, 2017)的案例中,我描述了在患有图雷特综合症(TS)的小男孩中成功使用抽搐综合行为干预(CBIT)。在对该病例的三种不同的评论中,作者指出了在治疗TS时使用手册的重要概念;了解基本原则对灵活使用手册的重要性;以及培训如何影响TS的治疗。在我对这些评论的回应中,我希望继续讨论如何在一般的心理治疗中使用手册,特别是在TS的治疗中。具体来说,我希望解决机械的、算法的治疗方法与灵活的、创造性的治疗方法之间的表面二分法,并最终表明,对指导人工治疗的潜在原则的理解为创造性提供了空间,证明这种二分法是错误的。
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引用次数: 0
Daydreamer and Night Owl: Comparing Good and Bad Outcome Cases in an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder 白日做梦者和夜猫子:比较基于网络的社交焦虑症认知行为治疗的好与坏结果
Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V13I3.2012
A. Schulz, A. Vincent, T. Berger
Internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) has garnered strong empirical support in the last decades. Despite the growing body of evidence that web-based treatments work, there is still a considerable number of clients who do not benefit sufficiently from such interventions. Recently, research has started to focus on identifying factors that affect treatment outcome and adherence to Internet interventions. This article describes the course of treatment of two clients in guided ICBT for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) who were selected based on their contrasting treatment outcomes. Focal points of therapist communication are shown as well as the clients’ individual gains and obstacles. Lastly, we explore several aspects that seem to be crucial in this specific setting, such as therapist support, motivation and establishing a working alliance via the Internet.
在过去的几十年里,基于互联网的认知行为疗法(ICBT)获得了强有力的实证支持。尽管越来越多的证据表明网络治疗有效,但仍有相当多的客户没有从这种干预措施中充分受益。最近,研究开始关注于确定影响治疗结果和网络干预依从性的因素。这篇文章描述了两名在社交焦虑障碍(SAD)的指导下进行ICBT的来访者的治疗过程,他们是根据他们对比的治疗结果选择的。治疗师沟通的焦点以及来访者的个人收获和障碍都被展示出来。最后,我们探讨了在这种特殊情况下似乎至关重要的几个方面,如治疗师的支持、动机和通过互联网建立工作联盟。
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引用次数: 1
Integrating Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy and a Buddhism-Inspired Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering: The Cases of "Beth" and "Amy" 整合限时动态心理治疗与佛教启发的病人痛苦厌恶/依恋模型:“Beth”和“Amy”的案例
Pub Date : 2016-12-17 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V12I4.1992
Jason Samlin
In recent times, Buddhist psychological concepts have become appealing to many psychotherapy theorists and practitioners. Included are such notions as mindfulness, the "acceptance" of experience, the nature and causes of suffering, and the use of "skillful means" behaviors and thoughts that are intentionally undertaken to reduce suffering both for oneself and others. While there are a number of cognitive-behavioral therapy treatments that incorporate such Buddhist psychological concepts, little research and practice has been done examining the integration of such concepts and short-term dynamic psychotherapy.  As one effort to fill this gap in research, the purpose of this study was to develop and pilot test in two cases—"Beth" and "Amy"—a model (a) that was based on such Buddhist concepts and (b) that would assimilatively integrate with the "home theory" of an established form of modern, relational, short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy, namely, Levenson's (1995, 2010) Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP). The new model is called the "Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering" (A/AMCS).  The A/AMCS model was conceptually incorporated into Beth's and Amy's case formulations through an expansion of TLDP’s case formulation method. Also, the A/AMCS model was technically integrated into TLDP treatment in two ways. First, formal mindfulness meditation practices were implemented with each client by conducting eight half-hour practices before sessions 6-13, in the context of therapy that lasted 23 and 20 sessions, respectively. Second, the treatment sessions included the incorporation of acceptance practices and skillful means strategies. Following the Pragmatic Case Study Method (Fishman, 2005), Beth and Amy’s cases are examined both quantitatively and qualitatively. This study concludes with a discussion of the possible reasons for Beth's dramatically positive outcome compared with Amy's only moderately successful outcome, together with a broader discussion of how future research could further examine the integration of Buddhist psychological concepts and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.
近年来,佛教心理学概念吸引了许多心理治疗理论家和实践者。其中包括正念、对经验的“接受”、痛苦的本质和原因,以及有意采取“善巧手段”的行为和思想来减少自己和他人的痛苦等概念。虽然有许多认知行为疗法结合了佛教心理学概念,但很少有研究和实践来检验这些概念和短期动态心理治疗的整合。为了填补这一研究空白,本研究的目的是在“Beth”和“Amy”两个案例中开发和试点测试一个模型(a)基于这样的佛教概念,(b)将与现代、关系、短期心理动力心理治疗的既定形式的“家庭理论”同化整合,即Levenson(1995,2010)的时间限制动态心理治疗(TLDP)。这个新模型被称为“客户痛苦的厌恶/依恋模型”(A/AMCS)。通过扩展TLDP的案例制定方法,A/AMCS模型在概念上被纳入Beth和Amy的案例制定中。此外,A/AMCS模型在技术上以两种方式集成到TLDP治疗中。首先,对每位来访者进行正式的正念冥想练习,在第6-13次疗程前进行8个半小时的练习,疗程分别为23次和20次。其次,治疗课程包括接受实践和技巧手段策略的结合。遵循语用案例研究方法(Fishman, 2005), Beth和Amy的案例进行了定量和定性的研究。本研究最后讨论了Beth的显著积极结果与Amy的一般成功结果的可能原因,并更广泛地讨论了未来的研究如何进一步研究佛教心理学概念和短期心理动力学心理治疗的整合。
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引用次数: 3
On How Psychotherapy Can Be Helpfully Integrated Into Mindfulness Practice 关于心理治疗如何有效地融入正念练习
Pub Date : 2016-12-17 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V12I4.1993
D. Morgan
This commentary presents a discussion of some of the theoretical and technical aspects of Buddhist thought that Samlin used in his therapy with clients. The Buddhist roots of his "Attachment/Aversion Model of Client Suffering" are explored, and their origins in the Buddhist psychology known as Abhidharma are noted.  The Abhidharma is placed within the context of modern theories of conditioning.  I then outline how ideas and practices from the Buddhist tradition fit very well into the major contemporary psychotherapies, as Samlin shows using the TLDP model.   Some reasons are presented for the advantages of integrating Buddhist thought and practices into psychotherapy.  Finally, some practical suggestions are proposed for how to use this approach in psychotherapy with clients.
这篇评论介绍了一些佛教思想的理论和技术方面的讨论,Samlin在治疗客户时使用了这些理论和技术。探讨了他的“客户痛苦的依恋/厌恶模型”的佛教根源,并指出了它们在佛教心理学中被称为阿毗达摩的起源。《阿毗达摩》被置于现代条件作用理论的背景之下。然后,我概述了佛教传统的思想和实践如何很好地适应当代主要的心理治疗,正如Samlin使用TLDP模型所展示的那样。将佛教思想和实践融入心理治疗的好处,提出了一些原因。最后,对如何在心理治疗中使用这种方法提出了一些实用的建议。
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引用次数: 1
On the Skillful Integration of Buddhist Psychology and Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy 论佛教心理学与短期动态心理治疗的巧妙结合
Pub Date : 2016-12-17 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V12I4.1995
Jason Samlin
In this article, I respond to commentaries by Morgan (2016) and Schacht (2016) regarding my presentation of the cases of Beth and Amy (Samlin, 2016).  Addressing the dialectic raised between Morgan’s (2016) support for and Schacht’s (2016) skepticism towards the integration of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) and the Aversion/Attachment Model of Client Suffering (A/AMCS, I organize my response into three broad sections.  First, I provide context as to the type of Buddhist tradition from which the A/AMCS draws.  In this section, I also address the current debate in Mindfulness-Based Interventions literature regarding the use of explicit vs. implicit Buddhism in treatment.  Second, I address issues related to the technical and conceptual integration of the A/AMCS into TLDP.  Finally, I re-examine the outcomes of Beth’s and Amy’s cases from the pragmatic standpoint and offer additional thoughts regarding the differing outcomes of the two cases.
在本文中,我回应了Morgan(2016)和Schacht(2016)对我介绍Beth和Amy (Samlin, 2016)案例的评论。针对Morgan(2016)对时间限制动态心理治疗(TLDP)和客户痛苦的厌恶/依恋模型(A/AMCS)的整合的支持和Schacht(2016)的怀疑之间提出的辩证关系,我将我的回应分为三个主要部分。首先,我提供了A/AMCS所借鉴的佛教传统类型的背景。在本节中,我还讨论了目前正念干预文献中关于在治疗中使用显性与隐性佛教的争论。其次,我将解决与将A/AMCS集成到TLDP中的技术和概念相关的问题。最后,我从实用主义的角度重新审视了贝丝和艾米案例的结果,并就这两个案例的不同结果提供了额外的思考。
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引用次数: 0
A TLDP Therapist Meets the Buddha on a Road and No One Is Killed 一位TLDP治疗师在路上遇到了佛陀,没有人被杀
Pub Date : 2016-12-17 DOI: 10.14713/PCSP.V12I4.1994
T. Schacht
Samlin’s (2016) case studies demonstrate the creative integration of Time-Limited Dynamic Psychotherapy (TLDP) and selected Buddhist psychological concepts. In this commentary I analyze epistemological, theoretical, cultural, and clinical complexities involved in this integration from the perspectives of patient recruitment and selection, therapeutic alliance, diagnostic and outcome assessment, and the nature of the Cyclic Maladaptive Pattern (CMP) concept.
Samlin(2016)的案例研究展示了限时动态心理治疗(TLDP)与选定的佛教心理学概念的创造性整合。在这篇评论中,我从患者招募和选择、治疗联盟、诊断和结果评估以及循环适应不良模式(CMP)概念的本质等方面分析了涉及这种整合的认识论、理论、文化和临床复杂性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Pragmatic Case Studies in Psychotherapy
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