An investigation was conducted on the effect of introducing a new variety of pineapple, known as golden pineapple (MD2) on the level of pineapple exports to the US market. Based on historical trade data from 1983 to 2017, a univariate structural econometric model was adjusted including variables related to export demand and isolating the effect of innovation through a binary control variable. The results obtained show that the effect of the innovation was a 25.27% increase in exports from Costa Rica to the North American market since the innovation was implemented. Conveniently, agricultural policymakers should consider similar studies to visualize the impact that innovation has on agricultural activities, and based on this, to plan, research, develop, and innovate programs within the agricultural sector.
{"title":"Effect of “Golden Pineapple Innovation” on Costa Rica's Pineapple Exports to U.S. Market: An Econometric Approach","authors":"Javier Paniagua-Molina, Luis Ricardo Solís-Rivera","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305325","url":null,"abstract":"An investigation was conducted on the effect of introducing a new variety of pineapple, known as golden pineapple (MD2) on the level of pineapple exports to the US market. Based on historical trade data from 1983 to 2017, a univariate structural econometric model was adjusted including variables related to export demand and isolating the effect of innovation through a binary control variable. The results obtained show that the effect of the innovation was a 25.27% increase in exports from Costa Rica to the North American market since the innovation was implemented. Conveniently, agricultural policymakers should consider similar studies to visualize the impact that innovation has on agricultural activities, and based on this, to plan, research, develop, and innovate programs within the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"219-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44136223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Our study provides empirical answer that verifies increase in productivity, if any, through promotion of improved agricultural technologies among smallholder food crop farmers in Africa. We specifically examined Root and Tuber Improvement and Marketing Programme (RTIMP) technology effect on improving the production efficiency of cassava farmers in Ghana. we stratified RTIMP cassava farmers into above average adopters and below average adopters based on their adoption intensity scores and further examined differences in their efficiency levels which we estimated by employing the stochastic frontier production model (SFA). In order to empirically establish if RTIMP technology has actually had effect in improving productivity of the cassava farmers, we estimated an adjusted regression model (average treatment effect and average treatment effect on the treated models). Our results show that the potential outcome mean technical efficiency of about 69% achieved by the above average RTIMP technology adopters is significantly higher than that of the below average technology adopters which was found to be about 64%. Our Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) estimates confirm that there has been significant increase in the technical efficiency of cassava farmers attributable to the adoption of the RTIMP cassava technology.
{"title":"Promoting Improved Agricultural Technologies to Increase Smallholder Farm Production Efficiency: Ghanaian Study of Cassava Farmers","authors":"E. Inkoom, S. Dadzie, Joseph Ndebugri","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305329","url":null,"abstract":"Our study provides empirical answer that verifies increase in productivity, if any, through promotion of improved agricultural technologies among smallholder food crop farmers in Africa. We specifically examined Root and Tuber Improvement and Marketing Programme (RTIMP) technology effect on improving the production efficiency of cassava farmers in Ghana. we stratified RTIMP cassava farmers into above average adopters and below average adopters based on their adoption intensity scores and further examined differences in their efficiency levels which we estimated by employing the stochastic frontier production model (SFA). In order to empirically establish if RTIMP technology has actually had effect in improving productivity of the cassava farmers, we estimated an adjusted regression model (average treatment effect and average treatment effect on the treated models). Our results show that the potential outcome mean technical efficiency of about 69% achieved by the above average RTIMP technology adopters is significantly higher than that of the below average technology adopters which was found to be about 64%. Our Average Treatment Effect on the Treated (ATET) estimates confirm that there has been significant increase in the technical efficiency of cassava farmers attributable to the adoption of the RTIMP cassava technology.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"271-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41409168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Affecting Consumption of RTE (Ready-To-Eat) International Food in The United States","authors":"S. Bhuyan, R. Govindasamy","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.305328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.305328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"257-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41898419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contributes to the literature that studies the impact of food prices on food choices and obesity rates. While it is now well established that daily calories consumption in excess of dietary guidelines and the switch toward more sedentary lifestyles are key factors for the rise in obesity prevalence of American men and women after 1970, there is much less consensus about what caused eating habits of men and women to change over time. We analyze the impact of food prices on body weight in a dynamic setting where men and women have different preferences and choose between J food groups. We derive an analytical expression linking preference parameters, including the elasticity of substitution, to empirical estimates of price and cross-price elasticity of demand for the J food groups. One key takeaway from the calibration is that there is substantial preference heterogeneity between men and women. We find that most food groups are substitutes and thus an increase in food prices, perhaps due to a sin tax, does not always lead to body weight losses.
{"title":"HOW MUCH DO FOOD PRICES MATTER FOR MEN’S AND WOMEN’S BODY WEIGHT?","authors":"Sebastien Buttet, V. Dolar","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.303554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.303554","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to the literature that studies the impact of food prices on food choices and obesity rates. While it is now well established that daily calories consumption in excess of dietary guidelines and the switch toward more sedentary lifestyles are key factors for the rise in obesity prevalence of American men and women after 1970, there is much less consensus about what caused eating habits of men and women to change over time. We analyze the impact of food prices on body weight in a dynamic setting where men and women have different preferences and choose between J food groups. We derive an analytical expression linking preference parameters, including the elasticity of substitution, to empirical estimates of price and cross-price elasticity of demand for the J food groups. One key takeaway from the calibration is that there is substantial preference heterogeneity between men and women. We find that most food groups are substitutes and thus an increase in food prices, perhaps due to a sin tax, does not always lead to body weight losses.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"125-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44461464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-18DOI: 10.11648/J.IJAE.20200501.14
A. Ruiz, B. Caballero, Y. Martínez, Ramón Vega, A. Valdés, Mari C. Pérez
The National Sericulture Project in Havana, started in 2011 to establish silkworm (Bombyx mori) rearing at a large scale in order to generate products to be used in the cosmetic, biomedical, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. The feeding of Bombyx mori L. exclusively depends on mulberry (Morus alba L.), so turning this system into a sustainable one for its development in the country requires an efficient use of the energy mainly based on the energy input-output relationships, on having mulberry cultivars of a high photosynthetic efficiency, on increasing agroecological practices and introducing other agricultural activities to diversify the intensive mulberry production system. The analysis of the energy balance used the software Energia 3.01, designed to estimate the energy of agroecosystems. The management of the area was characterized by identifying conventional agroecological practices developed on it. The results of estimating the energy efficiency indicate a mean efficiency for a specialized system depending on very few external outputs. These results were compared to 2019 the energy balance made in 2017. The introduction of new productive activities leading to increased energy efficiency and the generation of new products with a favorable impact on the environment and on the energy balance of the system, were proposed.
哈瓦那的国家蚕业项目于2011年启动，旨在建立大规模的家蚕(家蚕)饲养，以生产用于化妆品、生物医学、生物技术和制药行业的产品。家蚕的取食完全依赖于桑树(Morus alba L.)，因此要使该系统成为该国可持续发展的系统，需要有效利用能源，主要基于能源投入产出关系，具有高光合效率的桑树品种，增加农业生态实践和引入其他农业活动，使集约化的桑树生产系统多样化。能量平衡分析使用Energia 3.01软件，用于估算农业生态系统的能量。该地区管理的特点是确定在其上开发的传统农业生态做法。估计能源效率的结果表明，一个专业系统的平均效率依赖于很少的外部输出。这些结果与2019年的2017年的能量平衡进行了比较。建议采用新的生产活动，从而提高能源效率和生产对环境和系统的能量平衡有有利影响的新产品。
{"title":"Analysis of the Energy Balance in the Morus alba-Bombyx mori System in Cuba’s Sericulture","authors":"A. Ruiz, B. Caballero, Y. Martínez, Ramón Vega, A. Valdés, Mari C. Pérez","doi":"10.11648/J.IJAE.20200501.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJAE.20200501.14","url":null,"abstract":"The National Sericulture Project in Havana, started in 2011 to establish silkworm (Bombyx mori) rearing at a large scale in order to generate products to be used in the cosmetic, biomedical, biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. The feeding of Bombyx mori L. exclusively depends on mulberry (Morus alba L.), so turning this system into a sustainable one for its development in the country requires an efficient use of the energy mainly based on the energy input-output relationships, on having mulberry cultivars of a high photosynthetic efficiency, on increasing agroecological practices and introducing other agricultural activities to diversify the intensive mulberry production system. The analysis of the energy balance used the software Energia 3.01, designed to estimate the energy of agroecosystems. The management of the area was characterized by identifying conventional agroecological practices developed on it. The results of estimating the energy efficiency indicate a mean efficiency for a specialized system depending on very few external outputs. These results were compared to 2019 the energy balance made in 2017. The introduction of new productive activities leading to increased energy efficiency and the generation of new products with a favorable impact on the environment and on the energy balance of the system, were proposed.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87407332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-17DOI: 10.11648/J.IJAE.20190406.19
Kuye Olufemi Oludayo, Ogiri Oyom Mbina
This study analyzed the factors influencing access to formal agricultural loan among small-scale swamp rice farmers in Obubra Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 120 respondents by using multi-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and logit regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that majority (62.5%) of the farmers were males, about 40% were aged between 31-40 years, married (68.33%), had household size of 7-9 persons (51.67%), had secondary education (51.67%), had farm sizes of 1-2ha (50.83%), had farming experiences of 11-20 years (45%) and only 30.83% had annual farm income of between N51,000.00 and N100,000.00. The logit regression analysis revealed that gender, farm income, household size, education and collateral positively influenced the probability of farmers’ access to loan at 1% significant level respectively. Marital status, farming experience and farm size positively influenced access to loan at 5%, 5% and 10% respectively The major constraints respondents faced in accessing loan are long period of processing loan applications, problem of getting collateral and high interest rate while the major constraints they faced in rice production are crop destruction by cattle, low yield as a result of pests and diseases and low yield as a result of poor soil. The Federal Government should enact law that will motivate the cattle herders to compensate any farmer whose crops have been destroyed or eaten by their cattle and banks should process loan applications on time so that the loan will be disbursed to farmers at the appropriate time.
{"title":"Analysis of Factors Influencing Access to Formal Loan Among Small-scale Swamp Rice Farmers in Obubra Local Government Area, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"Kuye Olufemi Oludayo, Ogiri Oyom Mbina","doi":"10.11648/J.IJAE.20190406.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJAE.20190406.19","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the factors influencing access to formal agricultural loan among small-scale swamp rice farmers in Obubra Local Government Area in Cross River State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from 120 respondents by using multi-stage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and logit regression model were used to analyze the data. The results showed that majority (62.5%) of the farmers were males, about 40% were aged between 31-40 years, married (68.33%), had household size of 7-9 persons (51.67%), had secondary education (51.67%), had farm sizes of 1-2ha (50.83%), had farming experiences of 11-20 years (45%) and only 30.83% had annual farm income of between N51,000.00 and N100,000.00. The logit regression analysis revealed that gender, farm income, household size, education and collateral positively influenced the probability of farmers’ access to loan at 1% significant level respectively. Marital status, farming experience and farm size positively influenced access to loan at 5%, 5% and 10% respectively The major constraints respondents faced in accessing loan are long period of processing loan applications, problem of getting collateral and high interest rate while the major constraints they faced in rice production are crop destruction by cattle, low yield as a result of pests and diseases and low yield as a result of poor soil. The Federal Government should enact law that will motivate the cattle herders to compensate any farmer whose crops have been destroyed or eaten by their cattle and banks should process loan applications on time so that the loan will be disbursed to farmers at the appropriate time.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87868944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Productivity in rain-fed and irrigated rice farming ecosystems are very important for Ghanaâs self-sufficiency in rice. This paper, therefore, provides a synthesis of the irrigated and rain-fed rice farming ecosystems in Ghana using recent advances in the production economics literature. Specifically, the technical efficiency differential in the irrigated and rain-fed rice farming ecosystems are estimated using stochastic and bias-corrected data envelopment metafrontier methods. Technical efficiency drivers of the individual rice farming ecosystems are also examined. Using a sample of 381 for the modelling, the estimated results showed that farms under the irrigated rice farming ecosystem are more technically efficient (71%) compared to those under the rain-fed rice farming ecosystem (59%). However, overall technical efficiency falls short of about 36%, suggesting a substantial level of inefficiency in both rice farming ecosystems. In addition, the results revealed male farmers are more technically efficient compared to female farmers. Also, membership of farming associations has efficiency reducing effect. The study proposes that to improve rice productivity, resources should be invested in improving the managerial skills of farmers operating under the two rice farming ecosystems and in infrastructural development.
{"title":"Efficiency differential in rice production technologies in Ghana: a comparison between stochastic and bias-corrected metafrontier approaches.","authors":"R. Owusu","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.301271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.301271","url":null,"abstract":"Productivity in rain-fed and irrigated rice farming ecosystems are very important for Ghanaâs self-sufficiency in rice. This paper, therefore, provides a synthesis of the irrigated and rain-fed rice farming ecosystems in Ghana using recent advances in the production economics literature. Specifically, the technical efficiency differential in the irrigated and rain-fed rice farming ecosystems are estimated using stochastic and bias-corrected data envelopment metafrontier methods. Technical efficiency drivers of the individual rice farming ecosystems are also examined. Using a sample of 381 for the modelling, the estimated results showed that farms under the irrigated rice farming ecosystem are more technically efficient (71%) compared to those under the rain-fed rice farming ecosystem (59%). However, overall technical efficiency falls short of about 36%, suggesting a substantial level of inefficiency in both rice farming ecosystems. In addition, the results revealed male farmers are more technically efficient compared to female farmers. Also, membership of farming associations has efficiency reducing effect. The study proposes that to improve rice productivity, resources should be invested in improving the managerial skills of farmers operating under the two rice farming ecosystems and in infrastructural development.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43786173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed at evaluating the most effective commercialisation pathway (smallholder and inclusive) and its impacts on productivity and welfare on smallholder rice farmers in the pathways versus rain-fed farmers in Mbarali District. Output and input commercialisation indices (CCI and ICI) and propensity score matching were used for data analysis. The overall output commercialisation was more than half of the produced rice (CCI=59%) but the use of improved inputs in the study area was low (ICI = 27%). The proportion of rice sold was higher in the inclusive pathway (80%) relative to smallholder pathway (70%) and rain-fed scheme (41%). Total factor productivity ranged between 1.17 - 1.21 and 0.98 – 1.02 in the smallholder and inclusive pathways respectively more than that in the rain-fed scheme. In terms of welfare, inclusive pathway was better-off relative to the two groups. Therefore, both smallholder and inclusive pathways should be adopted to explore the synergies.
{"title":"Commercialisation pathways: implications on smallholder rice farmers' productivity and welfare in Mbarali District, Tanzania.","authors":"F. N. Rashid, Roselyne Alphonce, I. Minde","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.301270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.301270","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at evaluating the most effective commercialisation pathway (smallholder and inclusive) and its impacts on productivity and welfare on smallholder rice farmers in the pathways versus rain-fed farmers in Mbarali District. Output and input commercialisation indices (CCI and ICI) and propensity score matching were used for data analysis. The overall output commercialisation was more than half of the produced rice (CCI=59%) but the use of improved inputs in the study area was low (ICI = 27%). The proportion of rice sold was higher in the inclusive pathway (80%) relative to smallholder pathway (70%) and rain-fed scheme (41%). Total factor productivity ranged between 1.17 - 1.21 and 0.98 – 1.02 in the smallholder and inclusive pathways respectively more than that in the rain-fed scheme. In terms of welfare, inclusive pathway was better-off relative to the two groups. Therefore, both smallholder and inclusive pathways should be adopted to explore the synergies.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68537799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empirical models describing the factors influencing the levels of computerization of the operations of nurseries and greenhouses in the United States were estimated using the data collected from a regional survey in the Southern States and two national surveys in the United States. The models measure the significant effects of the socioeconomic characteristics of managers and operational characteristics of firms to the level of computer use among nurseries and greenhouses. Results show that the socioeconomic characteristics of the participating owners and managers had exercised limited influence in the decisions involving the computerization of horticulture operations. The operational characteristics of the horticulture operations included in the surveys which have significant influences on the level of computerization included the number of workers hired, level of automation, annual gross sales, wholesale sales, years since establishment, and location. The recent Great Recession encouraged the participating firms to increase the use of computers in their operations.
{"title":"FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPUTER USAGE AMONG HORTICULTURE FIRMS IN THE UNITED STATES","authors":"C. Posadas","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.301269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.301269","url":null,"abstract":"Empirical models describing the factors influencing the levels of computerization of the operations of nurseries and greenhouses in the United States were estimated using the data collected from a regional survey in the Southern States and two national surveys in the United States. The models measure the significant effects of the socioeconomic characteristics of managers and operational characteristics of firms to the level of computer use among nurseries and greenhouses. Results show that the socioeconomic characteristics of the participating owners and managers had exercised limited influence in the decisions involving the computerization of horticulture operations. The operational characteristics of the horticulture operations included in the surveys which have significant influences on the level of computerization included the number of workers hired, level of automation, annual gross sales, wholesale sales, years since establishment, and location. The recent Great Recession encouraged the participating firms to increase the use of computers in their operations.","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"37-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44711125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance of the extension department in Taiwan farmers' associations: does employee attitude make a difference?","authors":"Luh YirHueih, D. Fang","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.301268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.301268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53319,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"21-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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