Abstract Objectives The Pediatric Endocrine Society consensus criteria was developed in 2015 to diagnose adolescent PCOS. There are no Indian studies that use these criteria for diagnosis and then compare the clinical characteristics with those of normal controls. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profile in adolescents with and without PCOS and to study the ovarian morphology in adolescents with and without PCOS. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective case–control study on 60 adolescents who attended the outpatient department/adolescent immunization clinic. Group A included 30 adolescent girls with PCOS diagnosed as per the consensus criteria and Group B included 30 adolescents without PCOS. All participants were clinically evaluated and called empty stomach in the follicular phase for metabolic (Serum TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH, and testosterone) and endocrinal workup (2-hour OGTT, lipid profile) followed by ultrasonic examination. Results In group A, 40% were overweight and 36.7% were obese and in group B, 20% were overweight and 20% were obese. There were no significant differences noted in gonadotropin levels in two groups. Mean testosterone levels were higher in PCO adolescents. The mean ovarian volume and ovarian follicle number were significantly higher in adolescents with PCOS. We found that if ultrasound criteria were added to the diagnosis, there would be about 7% lesser PCOS diagnosis. Conclusion PCOS alters the fat distribution and lipid distribution in the body. These are features that lead to long-term metabolic alterations and life-threatening diseases. All PCOS adolescents thus be screened for these abnormalities and advised lifestyle modifications to keep these parameters under control.
{"title":"Comparison of Clinical, Biochemical, and Sonological Parameters in Adolescents with and without Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome","authors":"Sampada Dutt, S. Chadha, Vinita Gupta","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757737","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The Pediatric Endocrine Society consensus criteria was developed in 2015 to diagnose adolescent PCOS. There are no Indian studies that use these criteria for diagnosis and then compare the clinical characteristics with those of normal controls. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profile in adolescents with and without PCOS and to study the ovarian morphology in adolescents with and without PCOS. Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective case–control study on 60 adolescents who attended the outpatient department/adolescent immunization clinic. Group A included 30 adolescent girls with PCOS diagnosed as per the consensus criteria and Group B included 30 adolescents without PCOS. All participants were clinically evaluated and called empty stomach in the follicular phase for metabolic (Serum TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH, and testosterone) and endocrinal workup (2-hour OGTT, lipid profile) followed by ultrasonic examination. Results In group A, 40% were overweight and 36.7% were obese and in group B, 20% were overweight and 20% were obese. There were no significant differences noted in gonadotropin levels in two groups. Mean testosterone levels were higher in PCO adolescents. The mean ovarian volume and ovarian follicle number were significantly higher in adolescents with PCOS. We found that if ultrasound criteria were added to the diagnosis, there would be about 7% lesser PCOS diagnosis. Conclusion PCOS alters the fat distribution and lipid distribution in the body. These are features that lead to long-term metabolic alterations and life-threatening diseases. All PCOS adolescents thus be screened for these abnormalities and advised lifestyle modifications to keep these parameters under control.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42307533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Agrawal, N. Kori, Gulshan Madhpuriya, Prakhar Nigam, Simran Agrawal
Abstract Objective Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has emerged as a key concern during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for invasive fungal infection. The aim of this article was to study and compare the radiological features of COVID-19-associated ROCM between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study comprising 78 diabetics and 40 nondiabetics who developed ROCM after COVID-19 was conducted. The imaging data of both groups were analyzed, findings tabulated and compared using statistical methods. Results Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were commonly involved in both groups. Periantral fat and orbits were the most common sites of disease extension. The spread of infection to periantral soft tissue was significantly higher in diabetics ( p = 0.049). Diabetics were more likely to have bone, orbit, and brain involvement than nondiabetics, although the difference was not statistically significant. Diabetic patients were the only ones to experience complications such as fungal abscess and cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery involvement. However, a considerable number of nondiabetic patients (22.5%) also had an intracranial extension of disease. Conclusion The radiological appearances and common sites of invasion in ROCM are similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The extensive spread of infection to extra-sinus regions can occur in nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 but is less frequent compared with diabetics.
{"title":"Comparison of MRI Findings in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Rhino-Orbito-Cerebral Mucormycosis","authors":"A. Agrawal, N. Kori, Gulshan Madhpuriya, Prakhar Nigam, Simran Agrawal","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757740","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has emerged as a key concern during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Diabetes mellitus is a known risk factor for invasive fungal infection. The aim of this article was to study and compare the radiological features of COVID-19-associated ROCM between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study comprising 78 diabetics and 40 nondiabetics who developed ROCM after COVID-19 was conducted. The imaging data of both groups were analyzed, findings tabulated and compared using statistical methods. Results Maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were commonly involved in both groups. Periantral fat and orbits were the most common sites of disease extension. The spread of infection to periantral soft tissue was significantly higher in diabetics ( p = 0.049). Diabetics were more likely to have bone, orbit, and brain involvement than nondiabetics, although the difference was not statistically significant. Diabetic patients were the only ones to experience complications such as fungal abscess and cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery involvement. However, a considerable number of nondiabetic patients (22.5%) also had an intracranial extension of disease. Conclusion The radiological appearances and common sites of invasion in ROCM are similar in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The extensive spread of infection to extra-sinus regions can occur in nondiabetic patients with COVID-19 but is less frequent compared with diabetics.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45961601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ankita Goyal, Aman Kumar, Tuhin Vashishth, P. Kumari, R. K. Pachauri
Abstract Objectives Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is chronic communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The objective was to assess the performance in terms of knowledge and practice of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) program among directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) provider, lab technician, senior treatment supervisor (STS), senior tuberculosis laboratory supervisor (STLS), factors affecting knowledge and practice of PTB program, rate of detection, cure rate and to identify the gaps and underlying contributing factors in terms of supply, manpower, and infrastructure. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on knowledge and practice of PTB program among DOTS Provider, lab technician, STS, STLS in ten designated tuberculosis center of West Tripura from May 2018 to April 2019. Simple random sampling method was followed for selecting DOTS provider and sample size of 50 was taken. Results Majority (40.0%) of patients were in the age group of 31 to 40 years and mean age of 40.98 ± 10.13 years. Females and males were 68.0 and 32.0%, respectively. Among DOTS provider, 66.0% had served for more than 5 years of service and 84.0% of them had verified address before starting the treatment. Conclusion Majority of the DOTS provider had satisfactory knowledge and practice about PTB program. Proportion of the medical officers attending DOTS training was inadequate and there were adequate number of the health care workers who had attended DOTS training. There were no gaps found in proportion of the cases receiving the supervised treatment.
{"title":"Evaluation of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program among Ten Designated Microscopy Centers of West Tripura: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ankita Goyal, Aman Kumar, Tuhin Vashishth, P. Kumari, R. K. Pachauri","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757890","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is chronic communicable bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The objective was to assess the performance in terms of knowledge and practice of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) program among directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) provider, lab technician, senior treatment supervisor (STS), senior tuberculosis laboratory supervisor (STLS), factors affecting knowledge and practice of PTB program, rate of detection, cure rate and to identify the gaps and underlying contributing factors in terms of supply, manpower, and infrastructure. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on knowledge and practice of PTB program among DOTS Provider, lab technician, STS, STLS in ten designated tuberculosis center of West Tripura from May 2018 to April 2019. Simple random sampling method was followed for selecting DOTS provider and sample size of 50 was taken. Results Majority (40.0%) of patients were in the age group of 31 to 40 years and mean age of 40.98 ± 10.13 years. Females and males were 68.0 and 32.0%, respectively. Among DOTS provider, 66.0% had served for more than 5 years of service and 84.0% of them had verified address before starting the treatment. Conclusion Majority of the DOTS provider had satisfactory knowledge and practice about PTB program. Proportion of the medical officers attending DOTS training was inadequate and there were adequate number of the health care workers who had attended DOTS training. There were no gaps found in proportion of the cases receiving the supervised treatment.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49106539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paridhi Singhal, Noor Dhaliwal, Aashima Dabas, S. Yadav
Abstract Internet offers an immense opportunity as a resource for education, training, and health promotion. This narrative review summarizes the opportunities for health promotion among adolescents through use of the Internet and technology (defined as eHealth). The details of technology and use of Internet for adolescent-health related topics such as nutrition, fitness, sexual health, adventure, and violence were searched through PubMed. The review reports few digital solutions to address key challenges during adolescence like promotion of nutrition and sexual reproductive health, prevention of noncommunicable diseases, substance abuse, and mental health issues. eHealth was concluded as a potential solution for preventive and promotional health practices during adolescence. However, concerns of Internet addiction, safety, privacy, mental health disorders, and misinformation need to be addressed and monitored during adolescence.
{"title":"Optimizing Internet Use during Adolescence: eHealth Solutions","authors":"Paridhi Singhal, Noor Dhaliwal, Aashima Dabas, S. Yadav","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757738","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Internet offers an immense opportunity as a resource for education, training, and health promotion. This narrative review summarizes the opportunities for health promotion among adolescents through use of the Internet and technology (defined as eHealth). The details of technology and use of Internet for adolescent-health related topics such as nutrition, fitness, sexual health, adventure, and violence were searched through PubMed. The review reports few digital solutions to address key challenges during adolescence like promotion of nutrition and sexual reproductive health, prevention of noncommunicable diseases, substance abuse, and mental health issues. eHealth was concluded as a potential solution for preventive and promotional health practices during adolescence. However, concerns of Internet addiction, safety, privacy, mental health disorders, and misinformation need to be addressed and monitored during adolescence.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45318718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Childhood nystagmus creates a visual storm both for the affected child and the treating doctor. This problem occurring in the development phase of the child affects not only the vision but also the general development, if not diagnosed and managed in time. Moreover, some forms may even harbor a neurological tumor needing timely management. First, a brief introduction of nystagmus classification, a simplified approach to diagnose the common childhood nystagmus, and the value of electrophysiology will be presented. Next, the approach to treatment, using a thorough clinical examination, illustrated by patient examples of different types of nystagmus will be presented. The different forms of childhood nystagmus are described: idiopathic infantile nystagmus syndrome (IINS), sensory nystagmus (SN), fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMDN), spasmus nutans syndrome (SNS), nystagmus blockage syndrome, periodic alternating nystagmus, and others as well as their specific management. The role of electronystagmography and that of neuroimaging in specific conditions is life saving and is described. The role of auditory biofeedback, acupuncture, medical treatment, and surgical procedures like Augmented Anderson procedure, Hertle-Dell'Osso procedure, supra maximal retro-equatorial recession, and posterior fixation have been elucidated. Newer techniques have simplified the management options and improved the functional outcomes in childhood nystagmus. To conclude, children with nystagmus of types IINS, FMDN, SNS, or SN need to be managed differently. It is thus possible to timely manage these children, not only to save their life and improve their vision but also to improve their living quotient.
{"title":"Calming the Visual Storm: Management of Childhood Nystagmus","authors":"Pradeep I. Sharma","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757889","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Childhood nystagmus creates a visual storm both for the affected child and the treating doctor. This problem occurring in the development phase of the child affects not only the vision but also the general development, if not diagnosed and managed in time. Moreover, some forms may even harbor a neurological tumor needing timely management. First, a brief introduction of nystagmus classification, a simplified approach to diagnose the common childhood nystagmus, and the value of electrophysiology will be presented. Next, the approach to treatment, using a thorough clinical examination, illustrated by patient examples of different types of nystagmus will be presented. The different forms of childhood nystagmus are described: idiopathic infantile nystagmus syndrome (IINS), sensory nystagmus (SN), fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMDN), spasmus nutans syndrome (SNS), nystagmus blockage syndrome, periodic alternating nystagmus, and others as well as their specific management. The role of electronystagmography and that of neuroimaging in specific conditions is life saving and is described. The role of auditory biofeedback, acupuncture, medical treatment, and surgical procedures like Augmented Anderson procedure, Hertle-Dell'Osso procedure, supra maximal retro-equatorial recession, and posterior fixation have been elucidated. Newer techniques have simplified the management options and improved the functional outcomes in childhood nystagmus. To conclude, children with nystagmus of types IINS, FMDN, SNS, or SN need to be managed differently. It is thus possible to timely manage these children, not only to save their life and improve their vision but also to improve their living quotient.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49131778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Madan, Rekha Yadav, J. Rohatgi, Rahul Sharma, Iffat Nasir, Aarushi Saini, Nampi Tadu, G. Das, P. Sahu, N. Gupta, Nitika Beri
Abstract Objectives Individuals affected with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increased enormously in northern India during the second wave of the novel coronavirus disease. This study determined the demographic and clinical profile including the risk factors in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive study involving patients admitted with COVID-19-associated ROCM and were managed from May 2021 to 20th July 2021. Statistical Analysis The data was analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) software and Microsoft Excel (Version 16.49). The chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare various outcomes. A p -value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results One hundred and seventeen (117) patients (males: 70 [59.8%], females:47 [40.2%]) with the average age of 51.85 ± 12.80 years presented with orbital involvement. Diabetes mellitus was noted in 100 (86.2%) patients. Of the available data from the records, oxygen supplementation for the management of COVID-19 was received by 37/108 (34.3%) patients for a median average duration of 11 days. Forty-eight patients of one-hundred-seventeen (60%) patients were treated with corticosteroids with a median duration of steroid administration being 10 days. The duration between onset of symptoms related to mucormycosis and diagnosis of COVID-19 was 0 to 75 days for 48 patients. Intravenous amphotericin B was administered in all cases. External sinonasal debridement was performed in 90 of 114 (78.9%) patients, retrobulbar amphotericin B injection was administered in 56 of 117 (47.9%), and orbital exenteration was performed in 17 of 117 (14.5%) of cases. Conclusion Administration of corticosteroids and diabetes mellitus seem to be the major underlying causes for the development of COVID-19-associated ROCM. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management approach are essential for a reduction in mortality.
{"title":"Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with COVID-19-Associated Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis at a Tertiary Care Center","authors":"S. Madan, Rekha Yadav, J. Rohatgi, Rahul Sharma, Iffat Nasir, Aarushi Saini, Nampi Tadu, G. Das, P. Sahu, N. Gupta, Nitika Beri","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757894","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Individuals affected with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increased enormously in northern India during the second wave of the novel coronavirus disease. This study determined the demographic and clinical profile including the risk factors in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital in northern India. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive study involving patients admitted with COVID-19-associated ROCM and were managed from May 2021 to 20th July 2021. Statistical Analysis The data was analyzed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 20, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, United States) software and Microsoft Excel (Version 16.49). The chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare various outcomes. A p -value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results One hundred and seventeen (117) patients (males: 70 [59.8%], females:47 [40.2%]) with the average age of 51.85 ± 12.80 years presented with orbital involvement. Diabetes mellitus was noted in 100 (86.2%) patients. Of the available data from the records, oxygen supplementation for the management of COVID-19 was received by 37/108 (34.3%) patients for a median average duration of 11 days. Forty-eight patients of one-hundred-seventeen (60%) patients were treated with corticosteroids with a median duration of steroid administration being 10 days. The duration between onset of symptoms related to mucormycosis and diagnosis of COVID-19 was 0 to 75 days for 48 patients. Intravenous amphotericin B was administered in all cases. External sinonasal debridement was performed in 90 of 114 (78.9%) patients, retrobulbar amphotericin B injection was administered in 56 of 117 (47.9%), and orbital exenteration was performed in 17 of 117 (14.5%) of cases. Conclusion Administration of corticosteroids and diabetes mellitus seem to be the major underlying causes for the development of COVID-19-associated ROCM. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management approach are essential for a reduction in mortality.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43704510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ahuja, Shilpa Jalwaniya, S. Parameswaran, S. Sarkar, R. Ananthkrishnan, D. Gochhait
Abstract Objectives The idiopathic group is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in developing countries. Literature available on ocular surface changes has predominantly been reported in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Little is known about the changes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The present study aimed to identify ocular surface changes in an idiopathic group of CKD undergoing dialysis. Aim To compare tear film disorders and the severity of ocular surface changes (goblet cell density, squamous metaplasia, and corneoconjunctival calcification) in patients of idiopathic etiology with CKD undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. This is an analytical study. Materials and Methods Asymptomatic adult patients of idiopathic CKD, on treatment with dialysis underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and a dilated fundus examination. Dry eye assessment was done by ocular surface staining score, Schirmer test, and tear breakup time (TBUT). Conjunctival impression cytology was studied to assess changes on ocular surface. Chest X-rays for aortic calcification were reviewed and data analyzed. Results Both eyes of 76 patients of hemodialysis and 32 patients of peritoneal dialysis were studied. Ocular surface staining (OSS) scores were low. Impression cytology showed a drop in goblet cell density, presence of squamous metaplasia, and conjunctival keratinization significantly more in the hemodialysis group. No correlation was seen between the presence of conjunctival calcification and aortic calcification. Conclusion The hemodialysis group had mild subclinical dry eye but keratinization of conjunctiva was seen. Similarly, advanced squamous metaplasia was seen in the peritoneal dialysis group. These changes were positively correlated to decrease in goblet cell density.
{"title":"Analytical Study of Ocular Surface Changes in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis","authors":"S. Ahuja, Shilpa Jalwaniya, S. Parameswaran, S. Sarkar, R. Ananthkrishnan, D. Gochhait","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757736","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives The idiopathic group is a significant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in developing countries. Literature available on ocular surface changes has predominantly been reported in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Little is known about the changes in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The present study aimed to identify ocular surface changes in an idiopathic group of CKD undergoing dialysis. Aim To compare tear film disorders and the severity of ocular surface changes (goblet cell density, squamous metaplasia, and corneoconjunctival calcification) in patients of idiopathic etiology with CKD undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. This is an analytical study. Materials and Methods Asymptomatic adult patients of idiopathic CKD, on treatment with dialysis underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, and a dilated fundus examination. Dry eye assessment was done by ocular surface staining score, Schirmer test, and tear breakup time (TBUT). Conjunctival impression cytology was studied to assess changes on ocular surface. Chest X-rays for aortic calcification were reviewed and data analyzed. Results Both eyes of 76 patients of hemodialysis and 32 patients of peritoneal dialysis were studied. Ocular surface staining (OSS) scores were low. Impression cytology showed a drop in goblet cell density, presence of squamous metaplasia, and conjunctival keratinization significantly more in the hemodialysis group. No correlation was seen between the presence of conjunctival calcification and aortic calcification. Conclusion The hemodialysis group had mild subclinical dry eye but keratinization of conjunctiva was seen. Similarly, advanced squamous metaplasia was seen in the peritoneal dialysis group. These changes were positively correlated to decrease in goblet cell density.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46656415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Rai, A. Pandey, Archika Gupta, Gurmeet Singh, J. Rawat
Abstract Objective The word “telemedicine” literally translates to “healing at a distance.” In the current scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and shut outpatient department, the patients are facing difficulty in consultation. This article evaluated the use of telemedicine in the management of pediatric surgical patients. Materials and Methods In this observational cohort study, from April 2020 to August 2020, all patients who took advice on phone/WhatsApp were assessed for addressing their complaints. The data was collected and analyzed. Result A total of 307 patients were provided consultation via telecommunication. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Fifty-six (18.2%) patients called on an emergency basis, while the remaining 251 (81.8%) patients called for nonemergency or routine problems. Of these, attendants of 25 (8.14%) patients were not able to state the situation adequately. They were called to the department. Of these, 11 (3.5% of total) patients were admitted. One-hundred and eighty-three (59.6%) patients were in the department's follow-up, while the remaining 124 (40.4%) were new patients. The attendants of 296 (96.4%) patients were satisfied by using this modality of consultation. Conclusion In the current scenario, telecommunication may help us to avoid unnecessary travel to the hospital. It may be helpful to deal with minor clinical complaints and evaluating for an emergency.
{"title":"Use of Telemedicine in Evaluation of Pediatric Surgical Patients in COVID-19 Time","authors":"R. Rai, A. Pandey, Archika Gupta, Gurmeet Singh, J. Rawat","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757741","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objective The word “telemedicine” literally translates to “healing at a distance.” In the current scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and shut outpatient department, the patients are facing difficulty in consultation. This article evaluated the use of telemedicine in the management of pediatric surgical patients. Materials and Methods In this observational cohort study, from April 2020 to August 2020, all patients who took advice on phone/WhatsApp were assessed for addressing their complaints. The data was collected and analyzed. Result A total of 307 patients were provided consultation via telecommunication. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1. Fifty-six (18.2%) patients called on an emergency basis, while the remaining 251 (81.8%) patients called for nonemergency or routine problems. Of these, attendants of 25 (8.14%) patients were not able to state the situation adequately. They were called to the department. Of these, 11 (3.5% of total) patients were admitted. One-hundred and eighty-three (59.6%) patients were in the department's follow-up, while the remaining 124 (40.4%) were new patients. The attendants of 296 (96.4%) patients were satisfied by using this modality of consultation. Conclusion In the current scenario, telecommunication may help us to avoid unnecessary travel to the hospital. It may be helpful to deal with minor clinical complaints and evaluating for an emergency.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46127484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A peculiar new disease, COVID-19 affecting the lungs, causing cough, and difficulty in breathing, has affected people in most countries. The disease, first noticed in the Wuhan province, moved to the entire world in a short period. There were a large number of people with mild symptoms, some with severe forms of the disease, and some in very severe stage, resulting in their death. In total, 425 million people suffered, 351 million fully recovered, and 6 million died worldwide. This sudden disease crisis has united every one across the globe to control and minimize the severity of the disease. Toward this goal, scientists, doctors, and researchers are engaged with studies on the disease, disease-causing viruses, treatment regimen, and some other developed vaccines to prevent the illness. In a routine standard procedure, inventing a new drug or vaccine takes a few years from thought to clinical trials. However, in the present day, technology has advanced so much that it has come up with answers in a short time. That is how we have a few vaccines against COVID-19 disease ready for use in an emergency. In all these ventures, strict procedures, protocols, ethical considerations, and regulatory requirements have been adhered to and only upon such satisfaction they have been released for use in the population. The governments have taken a decision to use these vaccines on their people. They have made widely dispersed information about vaccines available to people through popular media. The questions can be numerous: “has this information reached the grassroots level, have people understood the benefits and risks, is the information adequate to make informed consent to take the vaccines, whowill receive the vaccines first, given the limited supply.” There is a need for studies on all these issues from different parts of the geography, different culture, different ethnicity cutting across borders. The situation is peculiar, vaccine put up in short period, launched nationwide, what in the event of adverse side effects, what if sizeable population refuse vaccination? In any given scenario, there are persons with advanced age, disability, chronic disease, dependency internet surfers, rumor mongers, atheists who may flatly refuse to take the vaccine. If such persons are influential, they may induce others not to take the shots. In our observation of a group of health workers, few 1% refused fully, 5% pretended with lame excuse to take vaccine, and 12% were undecided. The Internet is a great leveler, and social media is rich with many experiences. In this context, one such effort in this direction is to identify the level of awareness and extent of attitude toward COVID-19 vaccinations in Northern Karnataka. There are studies from Bangladesh, the UAE, the Middle East region, Africa, and Europe suggesting adequate knowledge and a hostile attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines.1–8 We proposed and obtained permission for this study from our Institutional Research comm
{"title":"Awareness and Attitudes toward COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Study in Dharwad, Karnataka, India","authors":"S. Javali, Chandrakanth M. Math, M. Sunkad","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1757739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1757739","url":null,"abstract":"A peculiar new disease, COVID-19 affecting the lungs, causing cough, and difficulty in breathing, has affected people in most countries. The disease, first noticed in the Wuhan province, moved to the entire world in a short period. There were a large number of people with mild symptoms, some with severe forms of the disease, and some in very severe stage, resulting in their death. In total, 425 million people suffered, 351 million fully recovered, and 6 million died worldwide. This sudden disease crisis has united every one across the globe to control and minimize the severity of the disease. Toward this goal, scientists, doctors, and researchers are engaged with studies on the disease, disease-causing viruses, treatment regimen, and some other developed vaccines to prevent the illness. In a routine standard procedure, inventing a new drug or vaccine takes a few years from thought to clinical trials. However, in the present day, technology has advanced so much that it has come up with answers in a short time. That is how we have a few vaccines against COVID-19 disease ready for use in an emergency. In all these ventures, strict procedures, protocols, ethical considerations, and regulatory requirements have been adhered to and only upon such satisfaction they have been released for use in the population. The governments have taken a decision to use these vaccines on their people. They have made widely dispersed information about vaccines available to people through popular media. The questions can be numerous: “has this information reached the grassroots level, have people understood the benefits and risks, is the information adequate to make informed consent to take the vaccines, whowill receive the vaccines first, given the limited supply.” There is a need for studies on all these issues from different parts of the geography, different culture, different ethnicity cutting across borders. The situation is peculiar, vaccine put up in short period, launched nationwide, what in the event of adverse side effects, what if sizeable population refuse vaccination? In any given scenario, there are persons with advanced age, disability, chronic disease, dependency internet surfers, rumor mongers, atheists who may flatly refuse to take the vaccine. If such persons are influential, they may induce others not to take the shots. In our observation of a group of health workers, few 1% refused fully, 5% pretended with lame excuse to take vaccine, and 12% were undecided. The Internet is a great leveler, and social media is rich with many experiences. In this context, one such effort in this direction is to identify the level of awareness and extent of attitude toward COVID-19 vaccinations in Northern Karnataka. There are studies from Bangladesh, the UAE, the Middle East region, Africa, and Europe suggesting adequate knowledge and a hostile attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines.1–8 We proposed and obtained permission for this study from our Institutional Research comm","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49537842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Objectives Women not only take care of family members, they are also source of power and symbol of progress in a society. At the same time, physical and mental well-being of women relies on healthy lifestyle and adequate reproductive health knowledge. With growing incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), it is crucial to increase awareness about the disease among women at an early age in life. The present survey investigates awareness level of college going females about PCOS. Materials and Methods 428 females were recruited from 3 colleges in district Gurgaon, Haryana, India, based on convenience sampling. The respondents filled a self-completion questionnaire containing sociodemographic details, menstrual cycle details, and questions related to PCOS. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency and percentage of variables. Pearson's chi-square test of independence was used to identify factors associated with awareness of PCOS. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The mean ±SD age of respondents was 19.9 ± 1.7 years (range = 18–24 years). Only 78 females (18.22%) had heard about PCOS. Being knowledgeable was significantly associated with mother's education ( p = 0.001), length of menstrual cycle ( p = 0.022), and family history of PCOS ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates awareness of PCOS among college going females was very poor. There is an urgent need of increasing awareness about PCOS among young adult college going females not only for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of the disease but also to prevent its long-term consequences.
{"title":"Awareness of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among College Going Females in Gurgaon: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"R. Jakhar, E. Sen, R. Dutt","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1750359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives Women not only take care of family members, they are also source of power and symbol of progress in a society. At the same time, physical and mental well-being of women relies on healthy lifestyle and adequate reproductive health knowledge. With growing incidence of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), it is crucial to increase awareness about the disease among women at an early age in life. The present survey investigates awareness level of college going females about PCOS. Materials and Methods 428 females were recruited from 3 colleges in district Gurgaon, Haryana, India, based on convenience sampling. The respondents filled a self-completion questionnaire containing sociodemographic details, menstrual cycle details, and questions related to PCOS. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics was used to calculate frequency and percentage of variables. Pearson's chi-square test of independence was used to identify factors associated with awareness of PCOS. A p -value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results The mean ±SD age of respondents was 19.9 ± 1.7 years (range = 18–24 years). Only 78 females (18.22%) had heard about PCOS. Being knowledgeable was significantly associated with mother's education ( p = 0.001), length of menstrual cycle ( p = 0.022), and family history of PCOS ( p < 0.001). Conclusion The present study indicates awareness of PCOS among college going females was very poor. There is an urgent need of increasing awareness about PCOS among young adult college going females not only for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of the disease but also to prevent its long-term consequences.","PeriodicalId":53332,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences India","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46034965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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