Z. Maritska, Rani Iswara, Ignatius Aldo Winardi, Y. Marantika, Irfan Ferdinand Tambunan, Lovina Lovina, Mgs. A. Rifqi Murtadho, Sendy Aditya Nugraha, Cendy Legowo, Victor Pulpa Seda, Awang Budi Saksono
One thing that differentiates one person from another is one’s genetic make-up. Genetic plays a role in every branch of medicine, including anesthesiology. An anesthesiologist must be well familiarized with hereditary (genetic) conditions, chromosomal traits, heredity-familial disorders, and even recessive variants because particular conditions might demand a different anesthetic and perioperative pharmacological management. These circumstances may lead to an opening of a rapidly expanding state of pharmacogenetics/genomics and its relevancy in anesthesia nowadays. This narrative review provides insight into the role of genetics in the field of anesthesiology.
{"title":"Role of Genetics in Anesthesiology","authors":"Z. Maritska, Rani Iswara, Ignatius Aldo Winardi, Y. Marantika, Irfan Ferdinand Tambunan, Lovina Lovina, Mgs. A. Rifqi Murtadho, Sendy Aditya Nugraha, Cendy Legowo, Victor Pulpa Seda, Awang Budi Saksono","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.229","url":null,"abstract":"One thing that differentiates one person from another is one’s genetic make-up. Genetic plays a role in every branch of medicine, including anesthesiology. An anesthesiologist must be well familiarized with hereditary (genetic) conditions, chromosomal traits, heredity-familial disorders, and even recessive variants because particular conditions might demand a different anesthetic and perioperative pharmacological management. These circumstances may lead to an opening of a rapidly expanding state of pharmacogenetics/genomics and its relevancy in anesthesia nowadays. This narrative review provides insight into the role of genetics in the field of anesthesiology.","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77846802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phey Liana, K. Murti, Zen Hafy, I. A. Liberty, Tungki Pratama Umar
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are immune components found in a variety of pathological states. It has been shown to have either beneficial or harmful implications, depending on how it is controlled and has been particularly observed in three major scenarios: infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In this article, we compiled some of the roles of NETs in pathological conditions, as well as the benefits of targeting them for improved patient outcomes. The role of NETs were primarily positive in infectious disease, whether caused by bacteria, virus, or fungal infection. In non-infectious inflammatory scenarios, on the other hand, it's the complete opposite, with the effects being mainly deleterious and even worse than the original disease states. Targeting NETs directly or indirectly may help to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. A plethora of compounds, including immunomodulators, anti-thrombosis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors, nuclease, and other compounds, may be used to accomplish the therapeutic goals.
{"title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Correlation with Several Pathological Conditions: Prosperities and Deleterious Implications","authors":"Phey Liana, K. Murti, Zen Hafy, I. A. Liberty, Tungki Pratama Umar","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.224","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are immune components found in a variety of pathological states. It has been shown to have either beneficial or harmful implications, depending on how it is controlled and has been particularly observed in three major scenarios: infection, autoimmune disease, and cancer. In this article, we compiled some of the roles of NETs in pathological conditions, as well as the benefits of targeting them for improved patient outcomes. The role of NETs were primarily positive in infectious disease, whether caused by bacteria, virus, or fungal infection. In non-infectious inflammatory scenarios, on the other hand, it's the complete opposite, with the effects being mainly deleterious and even worse than the original disease states. Targeting NETs directly or indirectly may help to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. A plethora of compounds, including immunomodulators, anti-thrombosis, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors, nuclease, and other compounds, may be used to accomplish the therapeutic goals.","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85788147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The report of mutation sites ORF3a SARS CoV-2 in Indonesia is still limited. Some research showed that mutations in ORF3a protein might alter SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Observation of new variants should be conducted as a risk monitoring framework.Materials and method: We assessed the impact of mutations in ORF3a protein by analyzing 3,751 SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences from the GISAID database from March 2020 until July 2021. The whole-genome sequences were aligned using Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment from EMBL-EBI and analyzed using BioEdit version 7.2.5 software. The reference whole genome sequence was taken from the Genbank database with accession number NC045512. We excluded the samples containing N letters due to inaccurate reading. Effect of point mutations on protein structure was analyzed using PredictProtein (https://predictprotein.org) and Protein Variation Effect Analyzer (PROVEAN) v1.1.3. online software.Results: We identified five most frequent non-synonymous mutations in ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2 which were Q57H (58.04%), S26L (27.25%), S220I (10.37%), D155H (8.98%), and P104S (5.47%).Conclusion: These mutation data showed the phenomenon of amino acid changes in ORF3a SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia until July 2021. The implication of this mutation needs to be determined in further studies.Keywords: Indonesia, mutations, non-synonymous, SARS-CoV-2, whole genome
{"title":"Non-Synonymous Mutation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in Indonesia","authors":"Hartiyowidi Yuliawuri, J. Christian, N. Steven","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.221","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The report of mutation sites ORF3a SARS CoV-2 in Indonesia is still limited. Some research showed that mutations in ORF3a protein might alter SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Observation of new variants should be conducted as a risk monitoring framework.Materials and method: We assessed the impact of mutations in ORF3a protein by analyzing 3,751 SARS-CoV-2 DNA sequences from the GISAID database from March 2020 until July 2021. The whole-genome sequences were aligned using Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment from EMBL-EBI and analyzed using BioEdit version 7.2.5 software. The reference whole genome sequence was taken from the Genbank database with accession number NC045512. We excluded the samples containing N letters due to inaccurate reading. Effect of point mutations on protein structure was analyzed using PredictProtein (https://predictprotein.org) and Protein Variation Effect Analyzer (PROVEAN) v1.1.3. online software.Results: We identified five most frequent non-synonymous mutations in ORF3a protein of SARS-CoV-2 which were Q57H (58.04%), S26L (27.25%), S220I (10.37%), D155H (8.98%), and P104S (5.47%).Conclusion: These mutation data showed the phenomenon of amino acid changes in ORF3a SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia until July 2021. The implication of this mutation needs to be determined in further studies.Keywords: Indonesia, mutations, non-synonymous, SARS-CoV-2, whole genome ","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80600128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In 2017, about 1.2 million people died because of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Patients with CKD are known to have increased levels of oxidative stress which leads to decrease in NO production. NO is a highly reactive signaling molecule and a major determinant of vascular homeostasis. Thus, the decreased NO can be a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Meanwhile, Malondialdehyde (MDA) is known as excellent biomarker for oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the correlation of serum total nitric oxide (NO) and urine MDA levels in non-hemodialysis CKD patients.Materials and Methods: This study was an observational clinical study with a cross sectional design. Fourty-nine CKD subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The samples for laboratory tests were collected from urine. MDA concentration was measured using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) kit. NO concentration was measured with Griess reaction method and Total Nitric Oxide Parameter kit. The data were analyzed using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPPS) software version 16.Results: The data showed significant negative correlations between MDA with NO (r=-0.294; p=0.041).Conclusion: There was a correlation between serum total NO and urine MDA levels in non-hemodialysis CKD patients.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, non-hemodialysis
{"title":"Correlation of Serum Nitric Oxide and Urine Malondialdehyde Levels in Non-Hemodialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients","authors":"D. Purwati, Arifa Mustika, L. Hakim, M. Thaha","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v6i1.226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2017, about 1.2 million people died because of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Patients with CKD are known to have increased levels of oxidative stress which leads to decrease in NO production. NO is a highly reactive signaling molecule and a major determinant of vascular homeostasis. Thus, the decreased NO can be a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. Meanwhile, Malondialdehyde (MDA) is known as excellent biomarker for oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the correlation of serum total nitric oxide (NO) and urine MDA levels in non-hemodialysis CKD patients.Materials and Methods: This study was an observational clinical study with a cross sectional design. Fourty-nine CKD subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The samples for laboratory tests were collected from urine. MDA concentration was measured using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) kit. NO concentration was measured with Griess reaction method and Total Nitric Oxide Parameter kit. The data were analyzed using the Statistic Package for Social Science (SPPS) software version 16.Results: The data showed significant negative correlations between MDA with NO (r=-0.294; p=0.041).Conclusion: There was a correlation between serum total NO and urine MDA levels in non-hemodialysis CKD patients.Keywords: chronic kidney disease, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, non-hemodialysis","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88511571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asthma is a major health problem and one of the leading causes of death in the world. The prevalence of asthma in Indonesia is high, with a recurrence >50%. Allergic sensitization in asthma is mainly caused by house dust mite (HDM) allergens, both from the mite’s body and its contaminants (e.g., lipopolysaccharides). HDM allergens stimulate several pathways in the innate immune response based on the HDM allergen groups that sensitize them. The innate immune response to HDM allergen exposure occurs when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizes the allergen, thereby stimulating respiratory epithelial cells to release cytokines, namely, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-25 (IL -25), and IL-33. The release of IL-25 and IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to release Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-5 and IL-13), resulting in allergic airway inflammation via IgE secretion by B cells, recruitment of eosinophils, and respiratory tract remodeling. Dendritic cells induce an adaptive immune response through Th2 activation in the sensitization and effector phases. Other mediators that contributed to the innate immune response include C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL-20) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A deeper understanding of the components and mechanisms involved in innate immunity against HDM allergens creates the potential to develop alternative therapeutic targets for allergic asthma treatment.Keywords: house dust mite allergens, innate immunity, allergic asthma, respiratory epithelium, inflammatory cytokines
哮喘是一个主要的健康问题，也是世界上导致死亡的主要原因之一。印度尼西亚的哮喘患病率很高，复发率>50%。哮喘的过敏性致敏主要是由屋尘螨(HDM)过敏原引起的，这些过敏原既来自尘螨本身，也来自尘螨体内的污染物(如脂多糖)。根据致敏的HDM过敏原群，HDM过敏原刺激了先天免疫反应的几种途径。当模式识别受体(PRRs)识别过敏原时，HDM过敏原暴露的先天免疫反应发生，从而刺激呼吸道上皮细胞释放细胞因子，即胸腺基质淋巴生成素(TSLP)、白细胞介素-25 (IL -25)和IL-33。IL-25和IL-33的释放激活2组先天淋巴样细胞(ILC2)释放th2型细胞因子(即IL-5和IL-13)，通过B细胞分泌IgE、嗜酸性粒细胞募集和呼吸道重塑导致过敏性气道炎症。树突状细胞在致敏期和效应期通过Th2激活诱导适应性免疫反应。其他促进先天免疫应答的介质包括C-C基序趋化因子配体20 (CCL-20)和粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)。对抗HDM过敏原的先天免疫的成分和机制的深入了解，为开发过敏性哮喘治疗的替代治疗靶点创造了潜力。关键词:尘螨过敏原，先天免疫，过敏性哮喘，呼吸道上皮，炎症因子
{"title":"Innate Immune Response to House Dust Mite Allergens in Allergic Asthma","authors":"Winna Soleha, F. C. Iswanti","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.217","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is a major health problem and one of the leading causes of death in the world. The prevalence of asthma in Indonesia is high, with a recurrence >50%. Allergic sensitization in asthma is mainly caused by house dust mite (HDM) allergens, both from the mite’s body and its contaminants (e.g., lipopolysaccharides). HDM allergens stimulate several pathways in the innate immune response based on the HDM allergen groups that sensitize them. The innate immune response to HDM allergen exposure occurs when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognizes the allergen, thereby stimulating respiratory epithelial cells to release cytokines, namely, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interleukin-25 (IL -25), and IL-33. The release of IL-25 and IL-33 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) to release Th2-type cytokines (i.e., IL-5 and IL-13), resulting in allergic airway inflammation via IgE secretion by B cells, recruitment of eosinophils, and respiratory tract remodeling. Dendritic cells induce an adaptive immune response through Th2 activation in the sensitization and effector phases. Other mediators that contributed to the innate immune response include C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL-20) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). A deeper understanding of the components and mechanisms involved in innate immunity against HDM allergens creates the potential to develop alternative therapeutic targets for allergic asthma treatment.Keywords: house dust mite allergens, innate immunity, allergic asthma, respiratory epithelium, inflammatory cytokines","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88654192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Evaluation and identification of HLA antibodies in the recipient’s serum is of utmost importance prior to transplantation and transfusion. HLA typing is a steppingstone in proposing a donor panel. In order to obtain the HLA typing, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primers (PCR-SSP) can be performed.Materials and method: This is a preliminary study to determine HLA polymorphism by HLA genotyping in 43 blood donors. DNA from the samples was isolated using commercial kits according to the standard protocol. The DNA then was amplified using PCR-SSP methods and analyzed using the provided set in the kit.Results: This study found that the most frequent HLA-A alleles was HLA-A*24 (41.9%). For HLA-B alleles, the most common was HLA-B*15 (28%). Most frequent HLA-A-B haplotypes was HLA-A*24-B*15 (11.3%). The results from this study concurs with that of previous study. However, some alleles might vary due to difference in study population. Determining HLA-typing is of paramount importance in an ethnically diverse country such as Indonesia. In contrast to homogenous caucassian country, difference in ethnicity might cause platelet refractoriness due to incompatibility. HLA-typing would also guide the diagnostic workup and required treatment strategy for platelet refractoriness.Conclusion: From the HLA typing using PCR-SSP in blood donors in Jakarta, we found that the most frequent alleles were HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*15; and the most frequent haplotypes were HLA-A*24-B*15. This study should be upscaled to include larger population and ethnic groups to obtain complete profile of Indonesian population.Keywords: platelet refractoriness, HLA, donor, PCR-SSP, transfusion medicine
背景:在移植和输血前，受体血清HLA抗体的评估和鉴定是至关重要的。HLA分型是建立供体小组的基础。为了获得HLA分型，可以使用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)。材料与方法:采用HLA基因分型法测定43例献血者HLA多态性的初步研究。根据标准方案使用商业试剂盒从样品中分离DNA。然后使用PCR-SSP方法扩增DNA，并使用试剂盒中提供的集合进行分析。结果:本研究发现HLA-A等位基因最常见的是HLA-A*24(41.9%)。HLA-B等位基因最常见的是HLA-B*15(28%)。最常见的HLA-A- b单倍型为HLA-A*24-B*15(11.3%)。这项研究的结果与以前的研究结果一致。然而，由于研究人群的不同，一些等位基因可能会有所不同。确定hla分型在印度尼西亚这样一个种族多样化的国家至关重要。与单一的高加索国家相比，种族差异可能导致血小板不相容。hla分型也将指导诊断工作和血小板难治性所需的治疗策略。结论:利用PCR-SSP对雅加达献血者进行HLA分型，发现HLA- a *24和HLA- b *15是最常见的等位基因;最常见的单倍型为HLA-A*24-B*15。这项研究应该扩大到包括更多的人口和种族群体，以获得印度尼西亚人口的完整概况。关键词:血小板难固性，HLA，供体，PCR-SSP，输血医学
{"title":"Donor HLA Genotyping using Polymerase Chain Reaction- Sequence Specific Primers (PCR-SSP) as Method for Acquiring Donor Panel in Platelet Refractoriness","authors":"T. D. Atmakusuma, A. Rachman, N. K. Ritchie","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.209","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation and identification of HLA antibodies in the recipient’s serum is of utmost importance prior to transplantation and transfusion. HLA typing is a steppingstone in proposing a donor panel. In order to obtain the HLA typing, Polymerase Chain Reaction-Sequence Specific Primers (PCR-SSP) can be performed.Materials and method: This is a preliminary study to determine HLA polymorphism by HLA genotyping in 43 blood donors. DNA from the samples was isolated using commercial kits according to the standard protocol. The DNA then was amplified using PCR-SSP methods and analyzed using the provided set in the kit.Results: This study found that the most frequent HLA-A alleles was HLA-A*24 (41.9%). For HLA-B alleles, the most common was HLA-B*15 (28%). Most frequent HLA-A-B haplotypes was HLA-A*24-B*15 (11.3%). The results from this study concurs with that of previous study. However, some alleles might vary due to difference in study population. Determining HLA-typing is of paramount importance in an ethnically diverse country such as Indonesia. In contrast to homogenous caucassian country, difference in ethnicity might cause platelet refractoriness due to incompatibility. HLA-typing would also guide the diagnostic workup and required treatment strategy for platelet refractoriness.Conclusion: From the HLA typing using PCR-SSP in blood donors in Jakarta, we found that the most frequent alleles were HLA-A*24 and HLA-B*15; and the most frequent haplotypes were HLA-A*24-B*15. This study should be upscaled to include larger population and ethnic groups to obtain complete profile of Indonesian population.Keywords: platelet refractoriness, HLA, donor, PCR-SSP, transfusion medicine","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90589989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Fabio Jonathan Jusni, P. Patricia, Brigitte Leonie Rosadi
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) incidence in Indonesia ranks in the top 10 of the highest in Asia. It is the main perinatal death cause. IUGR also impairs fetal neurodevelopment, which can affect the development of children until later ages. Lack of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (11β-HSD2) enzyme is influenced by changes in the coding gene, HSD11B2, one of IUGR's causes. The main diagnostic method of IUGR at this time is by using Doppler ultrasound. However, Doppler ultrasound has several limitations as many cases are not detected. Its clinical predictive value in various women is poor, as Doppler ultrasound is not recommended for use in the first trimester, detection of abnormalities in the second trimester seems to be too late for helpful interventions. The study aim is to present an overview concerning HSD11B2 gene alteration in an non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a possible diagnostic parameter for early detection in IUGR infants. This literature review is based on selected articles and studies taken from the Pubmed, Proquest, and EBSCO databases. A total of 4 studies reported the tendency for DNA methylation and decreased expression of the HSD11B2 gene in IUGR cases. Changes in the HSD11B2 gene have the potential to become a diagnostic parameter in the early detection of infants with IUGR. Further study and investigation of this possibility are needed.Keywords: intrauterine growth restriction, HSD11B2, early detection, diagnostic, non-invasive prenatal testing
{"title":"Alteration in 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type-2 (HSD11B2) Gene as A Potential Candidate Parameter for Early Detection of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Events","authors":"Louis Fabio Jonathan Jusni, P. Patricia, Brigitte Leonie Rosadi","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.214","url":null,"abstract":"Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) incidence in Indonesia ranks in the top 10 of the highest in Asia. It is the main perinatal death cause. IUGR also impairs fetal neurodevelopment, which can affect the development of children until later ages. Lack of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-2 (11β-HSD2) enzyme is influenced by changes in the coding gene, HSD11B2, one of IUGR's causes. The main diagnostic method of IUGR at this time is by using Doppler ultrasound. However, Doppler ultrasound has several limitations as many cases are not detected. Its clinical predictive value in various women is poor, as Doppler ultrasound is not recommended for use in the first trimester, detection of abnormalities in the second trimester seems to be too late for helpful interventions. The study aim is to present an overview concerning HSD11B2 gene alteration in an non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a possible diagnostic parameter for early detection in IUGR infants. This literature review is based on selected articles and studies taken from the Pubmed, Proquest, and EBSCO databases. A total of 4 studies reported the tendency for DNA methylation and decreased expression of the HSD11B2 gene in IUGR cases. Changes in the HSD11B2 gene have the potential to become a diagnostic parameter in the early detection of infants with IUGR. Further study and investigation of this possibility are needed.Keywords: intrauterine growth restriction, HSD11B2, early detection, diagnostic, non-invasive prenatal testing","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84813399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Insufficient plasma level of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can select resistance and will further hinder malaria elimination program. We investigated clinical applicability of a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to quantify plasma concentration of DHA in healthy subjects from a single oral administration of fixed dose combination of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine.Materials and Methods: Micro-elution solid-phase extraction in a 96-well plate format was used to prepare the samples. DHA separation happened in Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). Mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate 10 mM pH 3.5 (50:50, v/v) at 0.3 mL/minute flow rate. Waters Acquity UPLC™ H-Class system coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for detection. The internal standard was a stable isotope labelled DHA.Results: Calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient >0.995 over a concentration range of 1–1,000 ng/mL. Bias and variation for accuracy and precision were in the range of 15% (20% at the lower limit of quantification). Using 5 µL sample, lower limit of quantification was 1 ng. Matrix effect was less than 15%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of DHA from five healthy subjects, although carry over and the role of anticoagulants were not tested.Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of plasma DHA was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability. Although clinical applicability was demonstrated, this method was to be improved to address the not-tested validation parameters.Keywords: dihydroartemisinin, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC-MS/MS), malaria, Indonesia
背景:血浆双氢青蒿素(DHA)水平不足可产生耐药性，并将进一步阻碍疟疾消除计划。我们研究了一种有效的液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)测定方法在健康受试者单次口服固定剂量双氢青蒿素-哌喹联合治疗后血浆DHA浓度的临床适用性。材料与方法:采用96孔板微洗脱固相萃取法制备样品。Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18色谱柱(50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7µm)发生DHA分离。流动相为乙腈-乙酸铵10 mM pH 3.5 (50:50, v/v)的混合物，流速为0.3 mL/min。采用Waters Acquity UPLC™h级系统，结合正电喷雾电离模式的三重四联质谱法进行检测。内标是一种标记为DHA的稳定同位素。结果:在1 ~ 1000 ng/mL浓度范围内，标准曲线呈线性关系，相关系数>0.995。准确度和精密度的偏差和变异在15%的范围内(定量下限为20%)。采用5µL样品，定量下限为1 ng。基质效应小于15%。该方法成功地应用于5名健康受试者的DHA药代动力学研究，但未测试结转和抗凝血剂的作用。结论:LC-MS/MS法定量血浆DHA具有良好的选择性、线性、定量下限、准确度、精密度、基质效应和稳定性。虽然临床适用性已被证明，但该方法有待改进，以解决未测试的验证参数。关键词:双氢青蒿素，液相色谱/串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)，疟疾，印度尼西亚
{"title":"Validation of a Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay for the Quantification of Plasma Dihydroartemisinin","authors":"Dona Arlinda, Intan Sari Oktoberia, M. Karyana","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.194","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Insufficient plasma level of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) can select resistance and will further hinder malaria elimination program. We investigated clinical applicability of a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to quantify plasma concentration of DHA in healthy subjects from a single oral administration of fixed dose combination of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine.Materials and Methods: Micro-elution solid-phase extraction in a 96-well plate format was used to prepare the samples. DHA separation happened in Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). Mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-ammonium acetate 10 mM pH 3.5 (50:50, v/v) at 0.3 mL/minute flow rate. Waters Acquity UPLC™ H-Class system coupled with triple quadruple mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode was used for detection. The internal standard was a stable isotope labelled DHA.Results: Calibration curve was linear with a correlation coefficient >0.995 over a concentration range of 1–1,000 ng/mL. Bias and variation for accuracy and precision were in the range of 15% (20% at the lower limit of quantification). Using 5 µL sample, lower limit of quantification was 1 ng. Matrix effect was less than 15%. The method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of DHA from five healthy subjects, although carry over and the role of anticoagulants were not tested.Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of plasma DHA was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability. Although clinical applicability was demonstrated, this method was to be improved to address the not-tested validation parameters.Keywords: dihydroartemisinin, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay (LC-MS/MS), malaria, Indonesia ","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80992805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Edward Adijaya Rusli, D. Husada, Leny Kartina
Background: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are the result of a reaction between taint agents that infected the patient when the patient is hospitalized. A Study from The Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows that most HAIs in hospital are urinary tract infection, most of the infection incident in patient are caused by catheter. Catheter indwelling is notable in medical sphere. This study aimed to inquire case number of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, the feature of CAUTI patients, the type of bacteria that cause CAUTI, and what is the relation among sex and bacteria colony.Materials and Methods: An analytic observational study with the population of pediatric hospitalized patients of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital was conducted in January-December 2017. Samples collected were positive urine culture from pediatric hospitalized patients. Information regarding the bacteria that cause CAUTI, gender, and length of catheter usage were collected.Results: There were total 140 samples of positive urine culture in pediatric patient, and 38.5% was diagnosed as CAUTI. Overall CAUTI was often found in male subjects (51.9 %), and similar with ≤1-year old patients which also often found in male subjects (60.8%). The highest length of catheter usage was 3-5 days (42.5%). All subjects had fever as a clinical sign and 83.3% had suprapubic pain. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections were highly discovered. There was an association between gender and urine culture colony count (p=0.02).Conclusion: CAUTI is commonnly found in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, and two bacteria that cause the most infection were E. coli and K. pneumoniae.Keywords: catheter, urinary tract infection, healthcare associated infection
{"title":"Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia as the Most Common Bacteria Causing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection","authors":"Dwiyanti Puspitasari, Edward Adijaya Rusli, D. Husada, Leny Kartina","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.218","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) are the result of a reaction between taint agents that infected the patient when the patient is hospitalized. A Study from The Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows that most HAIs in hospital are urinary tract infection, most of the infection incident in patient are caused by catheter. Catheter indwelling is notable in medical sphere. This study aimed to inquire case number of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, the feature of CAUTI patients, the type of bacteria that cause CAUTI, and what is the relation among sex and bacteria colony.Materials and Methods: An analytic observational study with the population of pediatric hospitalized patients of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital was conducted in January-December 2017. Samples collected were positive urine culture from pediatric hospitalized patients. Information regarding the bacteria that cause CAUTI, gender, and length of catheter usage were collected.Results: There were total 140 samples of positive urine culture in pediatric patient, and 38.5% was diagnosed as CAUTI. Overall CAUTI was often found in male subjects (51.9 %), and similar with ≤1-year old patients which also often found in male subjects (60.8%). The highest length of catheter usage was 3-5 days (42.5%). All subjects had fever as a clinical sign and 83.3% had suprapubic pain. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections were highly discovered. There was an association between gender and urine culture colony count (p=0.02).Conclusion: CAUTI is commonnly found in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, and two bacteria that cause the most infection were E. coli and K. pneumoniae.Keywords: catheter, urinary tract infection, healthcare associated infection","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80707889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony Tjajaindra, A. K. Sari, A. Simamora, K. Timotius
Background: Infusate of the whole plant of Physalis angulata is used traditionally for the remedy of various diseases including diabetes and gout. This study focused on the stem of P. angulata. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential of the stem infusate (INPA) and ethanol extract (EEPA) of P. angulata as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase.Materials and Methods: INPA and EEPA were determined for their α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities in vitro, whereas antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. Reference inhibitors were used for comparison. The total phenolic compounds were also estimated.Results: EEPA had more concentrated phenolic than INPA which were 7.96 and 0.08 mgGAE/g dried biomass, respectively. INPA and EEPA inhibited α-glucosidase considerably, with IC50 of 149.11 and 409.86 µg/mL, respectively (acarbose was 130.66 µg/mL). However, they inhibited xanthine oxidase weakly, with IC50 of 0.546 and 2.643 mg/mL, respectively, compared with allopurinol 0.005 mg/mL. EEPA scavenged DPPH radicals very weakly (16.04 mg/mL) compared to BHT (0.021 mg/mL), whereas no activity was observed for INPA.Conclusion: The stem infusate and ethanol extract of P. angulata are able to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase, thus can be further explored for sources of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibition activity.Keywords: α-glucosidase, infusate, ethanol extract, Physalis angulata, stem, xanthine oxidase
{"title":"The Stem Infusate and Ethanol Extract of Physalis angulata Inhibitory Activities against a-Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase","authors":"Anthony Tjajaindra, A. K. Sari, A. Simamora, K. Timotius","doi":"10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21705/mcbs.v5i3.211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infusate of the whole plant of Physalis angulata is used traditionally for the remedy of various diseases including diabetes and gout. This study focused on the stem of P. angulata. The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential of the stem infusate (INPA) and ethanol extract (EEPA) of P. angulata as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase.Materials and Methods: INPA and EEPA were determined for their α-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibition activities in vitro, whereas antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay. Reference inhibitors were used for comparison. The total phenolic compounds were also estimated.Results: EEPA had more concentrated phenolic than INPA which were 7.96 and 0.08 mgGAE/g dried biomass, respectively. INPA and EEPA inhibited α-glucosidase considerably, with IC50 of 149.11 and 409.86 µg/mL, respectively (acarbose was 130.66 µg/mL). However, they inhibited xanthine oxidase weakly, with IC50 of 0.546 and 2.643 mg/mL, respectively, compared with allopurinol 0.005 mg/mL. EEPA scavenged DPPH radicals very weakly (16.04 mg/mL) compared to BHT (0.021 mg/mL), whereas no activity was observed for INPA.Conclusion: The stem infusate and ethanol extract of P. angulata are able to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase, thus can be further explored for sources of bioactive compounds with α-glucosidase inhibition activity.Keywords: α-glucosidase, infusate, ethanol extract, Physalis angulata, stem, xanthine oxidase","PeriodicalId":53387,"journal":{"name":"MCBS Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83269609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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