Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.3.255-262
S. Khostelidi, V. A. Zaytsev, E. V. Pelikh, É. Yashina, O.N. Rodionova, T. Bogomolova, Y. Avdeenko, N. Klimko
Mucormycosis is one of the most aggressive invasive mycoses. The mortality rate of patients with mucormycosis, depending on clinical form and background disease, varies from 30% to 100%. This article provides the first description of mucormycosis in Russia after infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, as well as a review of literature reports on mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 (as of September 2021).
{"title":"Mucormycosis following COVID19: clinical case and literature review","authors":"S. Khostelidi, V. A. Zaytsev, E. V. Pelikh, É. Yashina, O.N. Rodionova, T. Bogomolova, Y. Avdeenko, N. Klimko","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.3.255-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.3.255-262","url":null,"abstract":"Mucormycosis is one of the most aggressive invasive mycoses. The mortality rate of patients with mucormycosis, depending on clinical form and background disease, varies from 30% to 100%. This article provides the first description of mucormycosis in Russia after infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, as well as a review of literature reports on mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 (as of September 2021).","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.1.92-99
N. Ivanchik, М.V. Sukhorukova, А.N. Chagaryan, I. V. Trushin, A. Dekhnich, R. Kozlov
Objective. To determine in vitro activity of thiamphenicol and other clinically available antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 875 clinical isolates from 20 Russian cities during 2018–2019. Among tested strains, 126 were H. influenzae, 389 – S. pneumoniae, 360 – S. pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution method according to ISO 20776-1:2006. AST results were interpreted according to EUCAST v.11.0 clinical breakpoints. Results. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of thiamphenicol did not exceed 2 mg/L for 94.4% of H. influenzae strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 1 mg/L, respectively). Thiamphenicol was active against 76.9% of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains (MIC of thiamphenicol < 2 mg/L). The MIC of thiamphenicol was in the range of 0.06–2 mg/L for 96.7% of S. pneumoniae strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 2 mg/L, respectively). The MIC of thiamphenicol for 90.6% of S. pneumoniae strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (MIC of penicillin > 0.06 mg/L) did not exceed 2 mg/L. A total of 88.1% of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to erythromycin were highly susceptible to thiamphenicol (MIC < 2 mg/L). The MIC of thiamphenicol did not exceed 8 mg/L for 96.1% of S. pyogenes strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively). Conclusions. Thiamphenicol was characterized by relatively high in vitro activity, comparable to that of chloramphenicol, against tested strains of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, including S. pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin.
{"title":"In vitro activity of thiamphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates","authors":"N. Ivanchik, М.V. Sukhorukova, А.N. Chagaryan, I. V. Trushin, A. Dekhnich, R. Kozlov","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.1.92-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.1.92-99","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To determine in vitro activity of thiamphenicol and other clinically available antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Materials and Methods. We included in the study 875 clinical isolates from 20 Russian cities during 2018–2019. Among tested strains, 126 were H. influenzae, 389 – S. pneumoniae, 360 – S. pyogenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution method according to ISO 20776-1:2006. AST results were interpreted according to EUCAST v.11.0 clinical breakpoints. Results. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of thiamphenicol did not exceed 2 mg/L for 94.4% of H. influenzae strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 1 mg/L, respectively). Thiamphenicol was active against 76.9% of ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae strains (MIC of thiamphenicol < 2 mg/L). The MIC of thiamphenicol was in the range of 0.06–2 mg/L for 96.7% of S. pneumoniae strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 0.5 and 2 mg/L, respectively). The MIC of thiamphenicol for 90.6% of S. pneumoniae strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin (MIC of penicillin > 0.06 mg/L) did not exceed 2 mg/L. A total of 88.1% of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to erythromycin were highly susceptible to thiamphenicol (MIC < 2 mg/L). The MIC of thiamphenicol did not exceed 8 mg/L for 96.1% of S. pyogenes strains (MIC50 and MIC90 were 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively). Conclusions. Thiamphenicol was characterized by relatively high in vitro activity, comparable to that of chloramphenicol, against tested strains of H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, including S. pneumoniae isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69624014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.2.138-145
М.V. Demin, D. C. Tikhomirov, B. Biderman, О.А. Glinschikova, М.Yu. Drokov, А. Sudarikov, Т.А. Tupoleva, Е.N. Parovitchnikova, F. P. Filatov
Objective. To determine type of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (reactivation of a virus strain that was present before transplantation or re-infection with another virus strain) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients by sequencing. Materials and Methods. Clinical and laboratory data of 179 recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells collected from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed for CMV DNA in clinical specimens before and after transplantation. A total of 14 patients (28 samples) were included in the study. The CMV UL139 gene encoding viral glycoprotein was chosen for virus genotyping and sequence alignment. The primers complementary to its conservative sites were used. The resulting DNA sequence was analyzed using nucleotide BLAST software (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) and Genome compiler (https://designer.genomecompiler.com). The type of infection was determined by comparing DNA sequences before and after transplantation. Results. All enrolled patients were anti-CMV-positive prior to transplantation, which indicates the presence of CMV infection. Therefore, none of the patients had a primary infection as a result of transplantation. Of 14 patients, high percentage of sequence alignment (~100%) was observed in 8 patients. For the other 6 patients, substantial differences in sequences which indicate the different genotypes and the different type of infection were found. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the time to viral DNA appearance after transplantation in patients with re-infection and reactivation (p > 0.05), nor was there a statistically significant correlation between the type of infection (reactivation/re-infection) and the main diagnosis or transfusion load. Conclusions. Reactivation of the previously registered viral strain and re-infection with another viral strain were equally probable (8 vs. 6 cases). There were no associations between the main diagnosis and the type of infection (reactivation/re-infection) possibly due to a small sample size. Time to post-transplantation CMV DNA detection in blood was longer for re-infection (median of 69.5 days) compared to reactivation (median of 27 days), but this difference was also non-statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant contribution of blood transfusion burden to the type of CMV infection, which may suggest the donor blood is not a source of the different strains.
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: reactivation or reinfection?","authors":"М.V. Demin, D. C. Tikhomirov, B. Biderman, О.А. Glinschikova, М.Yu. Drokov, А. Sudarikov, Т.А. Tupoleva, Е.N. Parovitchnikova, F. P. Filatov","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.2.138-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.2.138-145","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To determine type of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (reactivation of a virus strain that was present before transplantation or re-infection with another virus strain) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell recipients by sequencing. Materials and Methods. Clinical and laboratory data of 179 recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells collected from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed for CMV DNA in clinical specimens before and after transplantation. A total of 14 patients (28 samples) were included in the study. The CMV UL139 gene encoding viral glycoprotein was chosen for virus genotyping and sequence alignment. The primers complementary to its conservative sites were used. The resulting DNA sequence was analyzed using nucleotide BLAST software (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) and Genome compiler (https://designer.genomecompiler.com). The type of infection was determined by comparing DNA sequences before and after transplantation. Results. All enrolled patients were anti-CMV-positive prior to transplantation, which indicates the presence of CMV infection. Therefore, none of the patients had a primary infection as a result of transplantation. Of 14 patients, high percentage of sequence alignment (~100%) was observed in 8 patients. For the other 6 patients, substantial differences in sequences which indicate the different genotypes and the different type of infection were found. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the time to viral DNA appearance after transplantation in patients with re-infection and reactivation (p > 0.05), nor was there a statistically significant correlation between the type of infection (reactivation/re-infection) and the main diagnosis or transfusion load. Conclusions. Reactivation of the previously registered viral strain and re-infection with another viral strain were equally probable (8 vs. 6 cases). There were no associations between the main diagnosis and the type of infection (reactivation/re-infection) possibly due to a small sample size. Time to post-transplantation CMV DNA detection in blood was longer for re-infection (median of 69.5 days) compared to reactivation (median of 27 days), but this difference was also non-statistically significant. In addition, there was no significant contribution of blood transfusion burden to the type of CMV infection, which may suggest the donor blood is not a source of the different strains.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69624066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.1.44-53
I. Palagin, T. Perepanova, D. Pushkar, R. Kozlov
The title of this review “War and peace” is not accidental and the analogies with a well-known literary masterpiece have absolutely justified ground. As in the case of Lev Tolstoy’s novel this title has a profound philosophical meaning, although at first glance it may seem quite obvious. The word «war» may well correspond to those hostile changes of microorganisms leading to the current problem of antimicrobial resistance recognized worldwide. This is the “war” we have to wage against the antibiotic-resistant bacteria today. And the «peace» in this context is considered as the world, the entire universe, all people, the whole society and its reaction to what is happening. On the other hand, the word «peace» means something opposite in meaning to the word «war». Thus, the essence of the title bears a sharp contrast between military actions and peacetime, between something that carries a threat to life and peace, or illness and recovery. Preserving original novel’s structure the authors of this review consistently consider justification of fosfomycin trometamol as a first-line drug in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women taking into account the latest research, publications and global trends.
{"title":"War and Peace: the difficult treatment of urinary tract infections and fosfomycin trometamol","authors":"I. Palagin, T. Perepanova, D. Pushkar, R. Kozlov","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.1.44-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.1.44-53","url":null,"abstract":"The title of this review “War and peace” is not accidental and the analogies with a well-known literary masterpiece have absolutely justified ground. As in the case of Lev Tolstoy’s novel this title has a profound philosophical meaning, although at first glance it may seem quite obvious. The word «war» may well correspond to those hostile changes of microorganisms leading to the current problem of antimicrobial resistance recognized worldwide. This is the “war” we have to wage against the antibiotic-resistant bacteria today. And the «peace» in this context is considered as the world, the entire universe, all people, the whole society and its reaction to what is happening. On the other hand, the word «peace» means something opposite in meaning to the word «war». Thus, the essence of the title bears a sharp contrast between military actions and peacetime, between something that carries a threat to life and peace, or illness and recovery. Preserving original novel’s structure the authors of this review consistently consider justification of fosfomycin trometamol as a first-line drug in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women taking into account the latest research, publications and global trends.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.2.184-194
N. Zigangirova, N. L. Lubenec, A. Zaitsev, D. Pushkar
The most important goal of medical microbiology in terms of treating infectious diseases nowadays and in the coming decades will be the development of antibacterial agents that are effective against resistant pathogens and reduce the selection of antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, along with the search for new classic antibiotics, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies. Virulence factors that determine the key stages of the infection process, both acute and chronic, including adhesins, toxins, bacterial quorum sensing, secretory systems, could be potential targets. The strategy for the development of antivirulence drugs is already showing its potential in the treatment of nosocomial, complicated and chronic infections as part of complex therapy and for prevention. The review presents the results of studies of drugs that have already shown efficacy in model infections in animals or have either passed to the stage of clinical trials or have already been registered. The development of effective combination therapy regimens will minimize the risks of acquiring resistance.
{"title":"Antibacterial agents reducing the risk of resistance development","authors":"N. Zigangirova, N. L. Lubenec, A. Zaitsev, D. Pushkar","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.2.184-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.2.184-194","url":null,"abstract":"The most important goal of medical microbiology in terms of treating infectious diseases nowadays and in the coming decades will be the development of antibacterial agents that are effective against resistant pathogens and reduce the selection of antimicrobial resistance. In this regard, along with the search for new classic antibiotics, it is necessary to develop alternative strategies. Virulence factors that determine the key stages of the infection process, both acute and chronic, including adhesins, toxins, bacterial quorum sensing, secretory systems, could be potential targets. The strategy for the development of antivirulence drugs is already showing its potential in the treatment of nosocomial, complicated and chronic infections as part of complex therapy and for prevention. The review presents the results of studies of drugs that have already shown efficacy in model infections in animals or have either passed to the stage of clinical trials or have already been registered. The development of effective combination therapy regimens will minimize the risks of acquiring resistance.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488//cmac.2021.4.367-373
I. Sychev, L. Fedina, D. Sychev
Prescribing safe and effective drug therapy is becoming increasingly challenging. Recently, there has been an upward trend in the number of patients experiencing polypragmasy. Thus, according to epidemiological analysis of 180,815 outpatient records in Scotland, 4–9 medications were simultaneously prescribed in 16.9% of cases, 10 or more drugs – in 4.6% of cases. As the number of medications taken by an individual patient increases, so does the likelihood of drug-drug interactions which have clinically important consequences. The number of drug-drug interactions is increasing as new drugs are approved, different metabolic pathways and drug transporters are discovered, and co-prescribing recommendations emerge. This article provides an overview of principles and mechanisms of drug-drug interactions and describes pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions associated with antibiotic therapy.
{"title":"Antibiotic therapy under polypragmatic conditions: a course to safety","authors":"I. Sychev, L. Fedina, D. Sychev","doi":"10.36488//cmac.2021.4.367-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488//cmac.2021.4.367-373","url":null,"abstract":"Prescribing safe and effective drug therapy is becoming increasingly challenging. Recently, there has been an upward trend in the number of patients experiencing polypragmasy. Thus, according to epidemiological analysis of 180,815 outpatient records in Scotland, 4–9 medications were simultaneously prescribed in 16.9% of cases, 10 or more drugs – in 4.6% of cases. As the number of medications taken by an individual patient increases, so does the likelihood of drug-drug interactions which have clinically important consequences. The number of drug-drug interactions is increasing as new drugs are approved, different metabolic pathways and drug transporters are discovered, and co-prescribing recommendations emerge. This article provides an overview of principles and mechanisms of drug-drug interactions and describes pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions associated with antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69622739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.1.17-25
V. Rudnov, V. Bagin, D. Belsky, M. Astafyeva, N. Nevskaya, G. Kolotova, S.M. Rosanova, T.I. Bykova
Objective. To review a literature published over the past 5 years and our own data on the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), antimicrobial resistance and its relationships between sepsis and choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) criteria were used to diagnose LRTI. A review of the articles regarding LRTI from the Russian and international English language journals published over 6 years was performed. Identification of microorganisms was performed by culture over the period of 2003–2013; since 2014, MALDI-TOF MS method was used for this purpose. Results. Despite the ongoing policy to limit the use of antimicrobial therapy in the ICUs, there is an increase in carbapenemase-producing isolates in the ICUs from 2.2% (2018) to 11.7% (2020, 9 months). Along with the trend to increase in carbapenemase-producing pathogens causing LRTI, their variability is also increasing. In particular, it applies to strains producing carbapenemases OXA-48 or combination of OXA-48 with KPC; with the trend to combined production of carbapenemase beginning at 2019. Conclusions. Carbapenemase producers are becoming more widespread in the ICU settings, including the lower respiratory tract in mechanically ventilated patients. Practitioners didn’t get used to associate VAP with the Sepsis-3 criteria. The changes in etiology include the increased rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, primarily Acinetobacter spp., in Russia. It’s due to improved quality of respiratory support and increased consumption of carbapenems, tigecycline and polymyxins. Significant increase of OXA-48-producing pathogens is likely to be associated with a poor compliance with temporary guidelines on COVID-19 with regard to antibiotic therapy.
{"title":"Ventilatorassociated lower respiratory tract infections: etiology and diagnosis","authors":"V. Rudnov, V. Bagin, D. Belsky, M. Astafyeva, N. Nevskaya, G. Kolotova, S.M. Rosanova, T.I. Bykova","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.1.17-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.1.17-25","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To review a literature published over the past 5 years and our own data on the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), antimicrobial resistance and its relationships between sepsis and choice of appropriate antibiotic therapy. Materials and Methods. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) criteria were used to diagnose LRTI. A review of the articles regarding LRTI from the Russian and international English language journals published over 6 years was performed. Identification of microorganisms was performed by culture over the period of 2003–2013; since 2014, MALDI-TOF MS method was used for this purpose. Results. Despite the ongoing policy to limit the use of antimicrobial therapy in the ICUs, there is an increase in carbapenemase-producing isolates in the ICUs from 2.2% (2018) to 11.7% (2020, 9 months). Along with the trend to increase in carbapenemase-producing pathogens causing LRTI, their variability is also increasing. In particular, it applies to strains producing carbapenemases OXA-48 or combination of OXA-48 with KPC; with the trend to combined production of carbapenemase beginning at 2019. Conclusions. Carbapenemase producers are becoming more widespread in the ICU settings, including the lower respiratory tract in mechanically ventilated patients. Practitioners didn’t get used to associate VAP with the Sepsis-3 criteria. The changes in etiology include the increased rate of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, primarily Acinetobacter spp., in Russia. It’s due to improved quality of respiratory support and increased consumption of carbapenems, tigecycline and polymyxins. Significant increase of OXA-48-producing pathogens is likely to be associated with a poor compliance with temporary guidelines on COVID-19 with regard to antibiotic therapy.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.2.212-216
Maria G. Shvydkaya, A. M. Zatevalov, S. D. Mitrokhin, D. T. Dzhandarova
Objective. To improve stool sample culture and isolation of anaerobic flora, including Clostridioides difficile in the routine microbiological laboratory practice at the children’s oncology hospital. Materials and Methods. A total of 517 stool samples collected from patients in children’s oncology hospital from 2013 to 2015 were studied. All samples were analyzed by ELISA for C. difficile toxins and by culture according to dedicated 5 schemes for isolation of anaerobic bacteria, including C. difficile. Statistical significance of differences in isolation rates between the studied groups (culture schemes) was assessed by Pearson test. Results. Culture in liver broth and covering with technical agar followed by culture on anaerobic agar yielded 100% isolation rate of toxigenic C. difficile strains. This culture scheme is also suitable for isolating concomitant anaerobic flora: non-toxigenic C. difficile strains, Clostridium perfringens, other Clostridia spp. and Bacteroides spp. Conclusions. Use of the liquid accumulation medium and covering with technical agar make it possible to isolate anaerobic flora from stool samples and increase an isolation rate of toxigenic C. difficile strains to 100% of ELISA-positive samples.
{"title":"Comparison of culture and isolation methods for Clostridioides difficile and other anaerobes from stool samples in a routine microbiological laboratory practice","authors":"Maria G. Shvydkaya, A. M. Zatevalov, S. D. Mitrokhin, D. T. Dzhandarova","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.2.212-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.2.212-216","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To improve stool sample culture and isolation of anaerobic flora, including Clostridioides difficile in the routine microbiological laboratory practice at the children’s oncology hospital. Materials and Methods. A total of 517 stool samples collected from patients in children’s oncology hospital from 2013 to 2015 were studied. All samples were analyzed by ELISA for C. difficile toxins and by culture according to dedicated 5 schemes for isolation of anaerobic bacteria, including C. difficile. Statistical significance of differences in isolation rates between the studied groups (culture schemes) was assessed by Pearson test. Results. Culture in liver broth and covering with technical agar followed by culture on anaerobic agar yielded 100% isolation rate of toxigenic C. difficile strains. This culture scheme is also suitable for isolating concomitant anaerobic flora: non-toxigenic C. difficile strains, Clostridium perfringens, other Clostridia spp. and Bacteroides spp. Conclusions. Use of the liquid accumulation medium and covering with technical agar make it possible to isolate anaerobic flora from stool samples and increase an isolation rate of toxigenic C. difficile strains to 100% of ELISA-positive samples.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.3.248-253
E. A. Ortenberg
The objective of this review was to summarize impact of the widespread administration of antibiotics in treatment algorithms for patients with COVID-19 on treatment outcomes. The experience of antimicrobial use agents during COVID-19 pandemic did not show any life-saving effect. It justifies a need to limit their administration to COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"Almost two years with COVID-19: some aspects of antibiotic use","authors":"E. A. Ortenberg","doi":"10.36488/cmac.2021.3.248-253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36488/cmac.2021.3.248-253","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this review was to summarize impact of the widespread administration of antibiotics in treatment algorithms for patients with COVID-19 on treatment outcomes. The experience of antimicrobial use agents during COVID-19 pandemic did not show any life-saving effect. It justifies a need to limit their administration to COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":53392,"journal":{"name":"Klinicheskaia mikrobiologiia i antimikrobnaia khimioterapiia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69623854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.36488/cmac.2021.3.330-336
R. I. Valieva, S. Lisovskaya, G. Isaeva
Objective. To study pathogenic factors (adhesion and biofilm formation) in F. solani isolated from skin of patients Materials and methods. A total of 86 strains of F. solani isolated from the skin of patients with a diagnosis of L30.3 “Infectious dermatitis” were selected. The reference strain F. solani F-819 was used for quality control. Samples were collected using a sterile cotton swab from an area of 5 × 5 cm. The primary incubation was at Saburo media (HiMedia, India). Determination of the adhesion of the strains was carried out in the previously developed model from a nitrocellulose plate. Biofilms were formed using the method by Pierce C. et al. in 96-well flat bottom polystyrene plates. The efficiency of F. solani biofilms was assessed by the optical density of the total biomass (staining with Cristal Violet extract) and exopolysaccharide matrix (staining with Congo Red extract). Results. The studied F. solani strains were divided into two groups: isolates from patients with acute course of the disease (group I, n = 54), and isolates from patients with chronic relapsing disease (group II, n = 32). The adhesion of microconidia of isolates from patients with a chronic form is higher compared to isolates from patients with an acute form (p = 0.013) and the reference strain (p = 0.007). 26 (81.2%) isolates from patients with chronic form of the disease and 19 (35.2%) isolates from patients with acute form had an increased ability to form biofilms. The total biofilm mass was higher in F. solani isolates from the patients with chronic disease than that in isolates from the patients with acute course of the disease, and already matured on the 4th day of incubation. An increase in number of exopolysaccharide matrix was observed in F. solani isolated from patients with chronic disease on the 5th day of incubation, which led to increase in total biofilm mass. Conclusions. This study showed that F. solani can form biofilms. Significant differences in adhesion and biofilm formation between clinical strains of F. solani isolated from patients with various forms of the disease were found.
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