Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology最新文献_第2页

Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide (APs) and Eugenol: Multi-target Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and anticancer effects validated by in Silico studies 黄芪多糖（APs）和丁香酚：多靶点抗炎、抗氧化、抗微生物和抗癌作用的硅片研究证实

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100646

Mohamed Khedr , Ahmed E.M. Abdelaziz , Fatima Albadwi , Fady Sayed Youssef , Eman M. Abd El-maksoud , Alsayed E. Mekky , Ebrahim Saied , Mohamed A.M. El-Tabakh , Eslam S Abdelmouty , Jayda G. Eldiasty , Mohammad Y. Alfaifih , Ali A. Shatii , Serag Eldin I. Elbehairii , Mohammed Aufy

Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional medicinal plant with diverse therapeutic properties largely attributed to its polysaccharides (APs). This study evaluated the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of APs and eugenol, both individually and in combination, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Thirty bacterial and ten Candida isolates were recovered from skin abscesses, with five identified as MDR strains (Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. aureus, E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Candida auris), confirmed by 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing. Both APs and eugenol exhibited marked antimicrobial activity, while their combination achieved the strongest inhibition (up to 27.3 ± 0.4 mm). C. auris was highly sensitive to APs alone (MIC: 2 ± 0.2 µg/mL). The combination also significantly downregulated IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α levels, and showed potent COX-2 inhibition (0.10 ± 0.01 µg/mL), surpassing celecoxib (0.9 ± 0.05 µg/mL). Antioxidant analysis (DPPH assay) revealed superior radical scavenging by the combination (57.5 ± 1.3 % %). Molecular docking confirmed the activity of eugenol, showing favorable binding to DNA gyrase B, sterol demethylase, COX-2, xanthine oxidase, and caspase-3, with the strongest affinity for xanthine oxidase (−5.25 kcal/mol). In anticancer assays, eugenol induced dose-dependent inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation, while APs displayed limited cytotoxicity. Notably, the combination reduced cell viability to 3.77 ± 0.4 % % at 400 µg/mL, consistent with apoptotic changes. Collectively, these findings highlight the synergistic potential of APs and eugenol as a multi-target therapeutic approach against MDR infections, inflammation, oxidative stress, and liver cancer.

黄芪是一种传统的药用植物，具有多种治疗特性，主要归功于其多糖。本研究评估了黄芪多糖和丁香酚单独或联合对多药耐药（MDR）病原体和HepG2肝癌细胞的抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌活性。从皮肤脓肿中分离出30株细菌和10株念珠菌，其中5株经16S rDNA和ITS测序证实为耐多药菌株（溶血葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和耳念珠菌）。黄芪多糖和丁香酚均表现出明显的抑菌活性，其联合抑菌效果最强（27.3±0.4 mm）。金黄色葡萄球菌对单药APs高度敏感（MIC: 2±0.2µg/mL）。联合用药还能显著下调IL-6、IL-17和TNF-α水平，并表现出强效的COX-2抑制作用（0.10±0.01µg/mL），超过塞来昔布（0.9±0.05µg/mL）。抗氧化分析（DPPH）显示，该组合具有较强的自由基清除能力（57.5±1.3% %）。分子对接证实了丁香酚的活性，与DNA旋切酶B、甾醇去甲基化酶、COX-2、黄嘌呤氧化酶和caspase-3结合良好，对黄嘌呤氧化酶的亲和力最强（−5.25 kcal/mol）。在抗癌试验中，丁香酚诱导HepG2细胞增殖的剂量依赖性抑制，而APs显示有限的细胞毒性。值得注意的是，在400µg/mL时，联合用药可使细胞活力降低至3.77±0.4% %，与凋亡变化一致。总的来说，这些发现强调了APs和丁香酚作为抗耐多药感染、炎症、氧化应激和肝癌的多靶点治疗方法的协同潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive gene profiling by Next-Generation sequencing in a cohort of Egyptian pediatric Atypical HUS 在埃及儿童非典型溶血性尿毒综合征队列的下一代测序综合基因分析

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100656

Fatina I. Fadel , Khalda Amr , Rasha EssamEldin Galal , Ghada El-kamah , Mohamed A Abdel Mawla , Amr Mohamed Salem , Mohamed S. Thabet , Shorouk A.Othman

Background

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, severe condition in children, resulting from uncontrolled complement activation caused by genetic factors or autoantibodies; it usually has a poor prognosis. Early identification of the underlying genetic variants is crucial for guiding management and predicting outcomes. This study aimed to identify gene mutations in Egyptian children with aHUS at an early stage. This would enable the selection of the most appropriate treatment options and help prevent adverse outcomes for the patients.

Methods

This is an observational cohort study, included 21 children with a clinical diagnosis of aHUS who presented to the Pediatric Nephrology Unit and general wards of Cairo University Children’s Hospital between June 2022 and January 2024 with a follow-up duration of 12 months (median). All patients underwent whole exome sequencing (WES). Clinical data, treatment regimens, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed.

Result

Among the 21 patients, around one third had negative WES results while 28.57 % showed CFHR 3/CFHR1 deletion. Most patients progressed to chronic kidney disease (52.4 %), while 28.6 % recovered their kidney functions following plasmapheresis. A significant association was observed between WES category and disease relapse (p = 0.021); patients with CFHR3 deletion, CFHR5 deletion, or MMUT variant developed at least one attack of relapse.

Conclusions

Egyptian children with aHUS demonstrate marked genetic heterogeneity. A substantial proportion lacked identifiable pathogenic variants, highlighting the complexity of the disease. CFHR3/CFHR1 deletion was the most frequent finding. Genetic profiling remains crucial for anticipating relapse risk and guiding therapeutic decisions, particularly in resource-limited settings.

典型溶血性尿毒症综合征（aHUS）是一种罕见的儿童严重疾病，由遗传因素或自身抗体引起的补体激活失控引起；它的预后通常很差。早期识别潜在的遗传变异对指导管理和预测结果至关重要。这项研究的目的是确定早期埃及aHUS患儿的基因突变。这将有助于选择最合适的治疗方案，并有助于预防患者的不良后果。方法：这是一项观察性队列研究，纳入了21名临床诊断为aHUS的儿童，这些儿童于2022年6月至2024年1月期间在开罗大学儿童医院儿科肾病科和普通病房就诊，随访时间为12个月（中位数）。所有患者均进行了全外显子组测序（WES）。记录和分析临床资料、治疗方案和结果。结果21例患者中，约1 / 3的患者WES阴性，28.57%的患者cfhr3 /CFHR1缺失。大多数患者发展为慢性肾脏疾病（52.4%），而28.6%的患者在血浆置换后恢复了肾功能。WES类型与疾病复发有显著相关性（p = 0.021）；CFHR3缺失、CFHR5缺失或MMUT变异的患者至少出现一次复发。结论埃及aHUS患儿具有明显的遗传异质性。很大一部分缺乏可识别的致病变异，突出了疾病的复杂性。CFHR3/CFHR1缺失是最常见的发现。遗传谱分析对于预测复发风险和指导治疗决策仍然至关重要，特别是在资源有限的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Bioactivity of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using Fusarium oxysporum extract on the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and biofilm-associated genes in the pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae 利用尖孢镰刀菌提取物合成的绿色氧化锌纳米颗粒对肺炎克雷伯菌中广谱β -内酰胺酶和生物膜相关基因表达的生物活性

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100645

Amani Kenaan Abd-Alrahman, Huda SA. AL-Hayanni

Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a serious clinical threat because of its ability to form biofilms and generate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes (ESBLs). This research investigated the influence of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles made from Fusarium oxysporum alcohol extract (FOE) on ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV) and the biofilm-associated genes mrkA and luxS. The presence of the 16S rRNA, ESBL and biofilm genes was confirmed through subsequent polymerase chain reaction of the isolates. The FOE and zinc oxide nanoparticles both demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibiting greater inhibition with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 26 μg/ml. Compared with untreated and FOE-treated isolates, those treated with sub-MIC concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles expressed significantly fewer ESBL and biofilm-related genes. The expression levels of the genes blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, mrkA and luxS were downregulated below a ratio of 1.0 in each of the bacterial isolates. The biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated strong antibacterial and antibiofilm effects through the downregulation of bacterial antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in K. pneumoniae. The findings of this study demonstrate the ability of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles to function as a green and apotential alternative or support the role of antibiotcs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.

耐多药肺炎克雷伯菌具有形成生物膜和产生广谱β -内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的能力，对临床构成严重威胁。本研究考察了镰刀菌醇提取物（FOE）生物合成氧化锌纳米颗粒对ESBL基因（blaTEM、blaCTX-M、blaSHV）和生物膜相关基因mrkA、luxS的影响。通过随后的聚合酶链反应证实了16S rRNA、ESBL和生物膜基因的存在。氧化锌纳米颗粒和FOE纳米颗粒均表现出显著的抑菌活性，氧化锌纳米颗粒的抑制作用更强，最小抑制浓度（MIC）为26 μg/ml。与未处理和foe处理的分离株相比，使用亚mic浓度氧化锌纳米颗粒处理的分离株表达的ESBL和生物膜相关基因显著减少。blaTEM、blaCTX-M、blaSHV、mrkA和luxS基因在各菌株中的表达下调比例均低于1.0。生物合成的氧化锌纳米颗粒通过下调肺炎克雷伯菌的细菌抗生素耐药性和毒力基因，显示出强大的抗菌和抗生物膜作用。这项研究的发现证明了生物合成氧化锌纳米颗粒作为一种绿色和潜在的替代品或支持抗生素治疗多药耐药（MDR）细菌的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling the genetic diversity and population structure of Mesua ferrea L. Through RAPD and ISSR markers for effective conservation 利用RAPD和ISSR标记揭示铁杉属植物的遗传多样性和群体结构

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100649

Shraboni Mostofa Shila, Asfi Raian Ome, Ashfaque Ahmed, Rupa Rani Roy, Mohammad Ashraful Alam

This study analyzed the genetic diversity and population structure of Mesua ferrea L. in Bangladesh using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 63 individuals from six geographically distinct populations were analyzed. Thirty-nine and eighty-five polymorphic bands were generated using RAPD and ISSR primers, respectively, both showing 100 % polymorphism. ISSR markers showed higher polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.336 ± 0.055) and resolving power (Rp) (3.550 ± 1.47) than RAPD (PIC: 0.320 ± 0.055; Rp: 1.582 ± 0.813), indicating greater efficiency in detecting genetic variation. Genetic diversity parameters revealed substantial variability, with the Moulvibazar and BFRI populations showing the highest Nei’s diversity and Shannon indices. UPGMA dendrograms and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) indicated two major genetic clusters with significant overlap among populations, reflecting weak genetic structuring and strong gene flow. STRUCTURE analysis identified four and three genetic clusters (K = 4 and K = 3) for RAPD and ISSR data, respectively, confirming admixture among populations. AMOVA revealed that 65–77 % of total genetic variation occurred within populations, while 6–17 % was among populations, signifying moderate differentiation. The findings demonstrate high within-population diversity and genetic connectivity across regions. ISSR markers exhibited superior resolution, whereas RAPD captured broader inter-population relationships. Overall, the combined use of RAPD and ISSR markers provided complementary insights into the genetic architecture of M. ferrea. Populations from Moulvibazar, BFRI, and SUST, identified as genetically diverse and admixed, are recommended as priority sources for conservation, restoration, and breeding programs to ensure long-term genetic sustainability of the species.

利用随机扩增多态性DNA （RAPD）和ISSR （Inter Simple Sequence Repeat）标记分析了孟加拉国Mesua ferrea L.的遗传多样性和群体结构。对来自6个地理上不同的种群的63个个体进行了分析。利用RAPD引物和ISSR引物分别获得39条和85条多态性条带，多态性均为100%。ISSR标记的多态性信息含量（PIC）（0.336±0.055）和分辨能力（Rp）（3.550±1.47）高于RAPD (PIC: 0.320±0.055;Rp: 1.582±0.813)，表明ISSR标记检测遗传变异的效率更高。遗传多样性参数显示出显著的差异，Moulvibazar和BFRI种群的Nei’s多样性和Shannon指数最高。UPGMA树状图和主坐标分析（Principal Coordinate Analysis, PCoA）显示两个主要的遗传聚类在群体间存在显著的重叠，反映了遗传结构弱和基因流动强。RAPD和ISSR数据分别鉴定出4个和3个遗传簇（K = 4和K = 3），证实群体间存在混杂。AMOVA分析表明，种群内遗传变异占总遗传变异的65 ~ 77%，种群间遗传变异占6 ~ 17%，分化程度中等。研究结果表明，不同地区的种群内部多样性和遗传连通性较高。ISSR标记表现出更高的分辨率，而RAPD则捕捉到了更广泛的种群间关系。总的来说，RAPD和ISSR标记的联合使用为铁芽孢杆菌的遗传结构提供了互补的见解。来自Moulvibazar、BFRI和SUST的种群被确定为遗传多样性和混合型，建议作为保护、恢复和育种计划的优先来源，以确保该物种的长期遗传可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Association of gender and main comorbidities with expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in COVID-19 patients 性别和主要合并症与COVID-19患者lncrna和mrna表达的关系

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100650

Hassan Abolghasemi , Hamidreza Kheiri , Hamid Sedighian , Elham Behzadi , Reza Kachuei , Mozhgan Kheirandish , Masoud Arabfard , Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi

Background

SARS-CoV-2 causes mortality in a considerable number of patients with COVID-19. The association of comorbidities and gender with the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in COVID-19 patients is not fully understood. The purpose of the present study was to explore this association.

Method

We used Transcriptomics data for lncRNAs and mRNAs from the integrated Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) using R software for statistical and data analysis. Then, we carried out Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and constructed a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network to identify interactions between the genes.

Results

In this study, we divided samples into four groups and compared Differentially Expressed lncRNAs (DEls) and DEGs. Genes enriched in immune response and cytokine pathways were identified by GO analysis. By considering the protein–protein interaction network, the hub genes were ALAS2, CCL2, AHSP, and IL5.

Conclusion

mRNAs and lncRNAs could be used to identify the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on defined parameters (such as gender, main comorbidities in recovery, and treatment stages). Heme/hemoglobin metabolism was enriched in groups 1, 2, and 4, with four common genes (ALAS2, AHSP, HBD, and CA1) that are associated with the immune response to infection. CCL2 was enriched in group 3 and its expression was remarkably high in patients with an unfavorable outcome compared to other cases. Also, while both IL-5 and ALAS2 were enriched in group 4, IL-5 appeared to have no significant role in COVID-19. Overall, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis to predict how mRNAs and lncRNAs interact in patients with different characteristics such as gender, underlying disease, and treatment or recovery stages. mRNAs and lncRNAs can be potential biomarkers to examine the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on defined parameters.

背景：sars - cov -2可导致相当数量的COVID-19患者死亡。在COVID-19患者中，合并症和性别与lncrna和mrna表达的关系尚不完全清楚。本研究的目的是探讨这种联系。方法利用整合基因表达总汇（GEO）的lncrna和mrna转录组学数据，利用R软件对差异表达基因（differential Expression Genes, DEGs）进行统计和数据分析。然后，我们进行了基因本体（GO）分析，并构建了蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络来识别基因之间的相互作用。结果本研究将样本分为四组，比较差异表达lncRNAs （DEls）和差异表达lncRNAs （deg）。通过氧化石墨烯分析确定了免疫反应和细胞因子通路中富集的基因。考虑蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络，中心基因为ALAS2、CCL2、AHSP和IL5。结论mrna和lncrna可用于鉴定SARS-CoV-2对确定参数（如性别、康复期主要合并症和治疗阶段）的影响。血红素/血红蛋白代谢在1、2和4组中丰富，有4个与感染免疫反应相关的常见基因（ALAS2、AHSP、HBD和CA1）。CCL2在第3组中表达丰富，在预后不良的患者中表达明显高于其他病例。此外，虽然IL-5和ALAS2在第4组中都富集，但IL-5在COVID-19中似乎没有显著作用。总体而言，我们进行了生物信息学分析，以预测mrna和lncrna在具有不同特征（如性别、潜在疾病、治疗或康复阶段）的患者中如何相互作用。mrna和lncrna可作为检测SARS-CoV-2对定义参数影响的潜在生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative analysis of sulfate transporters in Citrus sinensis reveals CsSULTR3;5 involved in pathogen stress response 柑桔硫酸盐转运体CsSULTR3的综合分析5参与病原体应激反应

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100651

Xinyou Wang , Xuetong Chen , Nannan Lu , Jiaoyan Zhong , Xinlv Dai , Xia Zhuang , Fengxian Yao , Ruimin Li

Selenium treatment has been shown to enhance plant resilience against both biotic and abiotic stresses; however, whether it can improve citrus resistance to bacterial diseases remains unexplored. In this study, we systematically identified sulfate transporter (Sultr) genes in the Citrus sinensis genome that are involved in selenate uptake. Analysis of gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein domains revealed a high degree of conservation among CsSultrs. Collinearity analysis between C. sinensis and Arabidopsis thaliana Sultr genes suggested possible evolutionary duplication and divergence events. Expression profiling of sulfur-related genes in C. sinensis following infection with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed that CsSULTR3;5 is responsive to pathogen infection. Subcellular localization indicated that CsSULTR3;5 is localized to the cell membrane and other intracellular organelles. Transient expression of CsSULTR3;5 in Nicotiana benthamiana did not affect leaf chlorophyll or carotenoid content. Furthermore, overexpression of CsSULTR3;5 enhanced resistance to citrus canker. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which selenium modulates biotic stress responses in citrus.

硒处理已被证明可以增强植物对生物和非生物胁迫的抗逆性；然而，它是否能提高柑橘对细菌性疾病的抵抗力仍未研究。在这项研究中，我们系统地鉴定了柑橘基因组中参与硒酸盐摄取的硫酸盐转运蛋白（Sultr）基因。基因结构、保守基序和蛋白结构域的分析表明，CsSultrs具有高度的保守性。拟南芥与中国南芥基因共线性分析提示可能存在进化重复和分化事件。柑橘黄单胞菌和亚洲释放念珠菌侵染后中华柑橘中硫相关基因的表达分析。柠檬酸、炭疽菌显示CsSULTR3；5对病原体感染有反应。亚细胞定位表明，CsSULTR3；5定位于细胞膜和其他胞内细胞器。CsSULTR3的瞬时表达；5对烟叶叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量没有影响。此外，CsSULTR3过表达；5 .增强对柑橘溃疡病的抵抗力。这些发现为硒调节柑橘生物应激反应的机制提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Identification of a novel NSD1 pathogenic variant in a Senegalese child with Sotos syndrome 在患有索托斯综合征的塞内加尔儿童中鉴定一种新的NSD1致病变异

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100642

Jean Pascal Demba Diop , Aminata Mbaye , Karamba Diallo , Eric Pasmant , Seydi Abdoul Ba , Adama Sene , Michele Videau , Rokhaya Ndiaye Diallo (*)

Sotos syndrome previously known as cerebral gigantism is a genetic disease characterized by excessive growth from the prenatal stage to childhood, accompanied with distinctive facial dysmorphism (broad and prominent forehead, hypertelorism, downward-slanting palpebral fissures, and a pointed chin), advanced bone age, macrocephaly, congenital malformations (heart defects, seizures, scoliosis, increased tumor susceptibility) and developmental delay (speech delay, learning disabilities, infantile hypotonia). Most cases of Sotos syndrome (90%) are linked to heterozygous mutations of the NSD1 gene.

Here we reported the first case of Sotos syndrome from Senegal, confirmed by genetic testing. We detected a novel heterozygous mutation in exon 5 of the NSD1 gene in the index case, resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon (NM_022455): c.2306dup: (p.Gly771Trpfs*38). This mutation occured de novo in the index case and was not detected in either parent. Further studies are needed to explore genotype-phenotype correlations and potential targeted therapies.

索托斯综合征以前被称为脑巨人症，是一种遗传性疾病，其特征是从产前到儿童期过度生长，伴有明显的面部畸形（前额宽而突出，远端肥大，睑裂向下倾斜，下巴尖），骨龄提前，大头畸形，先天性畸形（心脏缺陷，癫痫发作，脊柱侧凸，肿瘤易感性增加）和发育迟缓（语言迟缓，学习障碍）。幼稚的张力减退)。大多数Sotos综合征病例（90%）与NSD1基因的杂合突变有关。在此，我们报告了来自塞内加尔的首例经基因检测证实的索托斯综合征病例。在索引病例中，我们在NSD1基因的第5外显子上检测到一个新的杂合突变，导致一个移码和一个过早停止密码子（NM_022455）： c.2306dup: （p.Gly771Trpfs*38）。该突变在索引病例中从头发生，在亲本中均未检测到。需要进一步的研究来探索基因型-表型的相关性和潜在的靶向治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Micropropagation of Vaccinium meridionale Sw.: Interaction between basal media and cytokinins, physiological quality of shoots, and ex vitro rooting 子午牛痘的微繁研究。：基础培养基与细胞分裂素的相互作用、芽的生理品质和离体生根

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100633

Eyner Huaman , Carlos Muñoz , Loreto Prat , Jegnes Benjamín Meléndez-Mori , Raúl Vargas , Carmen N. Vigo , José Jesús Tejada-Alvarado , Angel Fernando Huaman-Pilco , Manuel Oliva-Cruz

Vaccinium meridionale is an Andean species of high nutraceutical value whose conventional propagation is limited by its low multiplication rate. In this study, an integrated micropropagation protocol was developed, encompassing in vitro establishment through ex vitro rooting. During the establishment phase, fungal contaminants were identified, detecting genera such as Diaporthe, Fusarium, Colletotrichum and Phoma. In the multiplication phase, the basal media Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW), Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) were evaluated, supplemented with zeatin (Zea), 2-isopentenyladenine (2iP), meta-topolin (mT) and thidiazuron (TDZ), all applied at equimolar concentrations of 2.5 μM. Morphogenic parameters, photosynthetic pigment content, SPAD index and elemental composition of regenerated tissues were quantified. DKW medium supplemented with Zea or 2iP promoted the formation of 9–10 shoots, with lengths of 2.5–2.9 cm, SPAD values of 35–36, and chlorophyll content >31 μg/mL. The accumulation of P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in the tissues varied widely among treatments. During rooting, the application of 500 ppm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) induced the formation of longer roots, as well as vigorous and elongated shoots with a high number of leaves. This optimized protocol provides a valuable tool for the propagation of V. meridionale, with potential applications in conservation, genetic improvement and commercial plant production.

子午牛痘是安第斯山脉的一种具有很高营养价值的植物，其繁殖率低，限制了常规繁殖。在本研究中，开发了一种综合的微繁殖方案，包括通过离体生根进行离体培养。在建立阶段，对真菌污染物进行了鉴定，检测到Diaporthe、Fusarium、Colletotrichum和Phoma等属。在增殖阶段，对基础培养基Driver and Kuniyuki （DKW）、Woody Plant Medium （WPM）和Murashige and Skoog （MS）进行评价，外加玉米素（Zea）、2-异戊烯腺嘌呤（2iP）、间topolin （mT）和噻唑脲（TDZ），均以2.5 μM的等摩尔浓度施用。定量测定再生组织的形态发生参数、光合色素含量、SPAD指数和元素组成。添加Zea或2iP的DKW培养基可促进幼苗形成9 ~ 10个芽，芽长2.5 ~ 2.9 cm， SPAD值35 ~ 36，叶绿素含量31 μg/mL。P、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu和Mn在不同处理下的积累量差异很大。在生根过程中，施用500 ppm萘乙酸（NAA）可使根长，芽长，叶数多。该优化方案为子午花的繁殖提供了有价值的工具，在植物保护、遗传改良和商业化生产中具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as integrative modulators of plant tolerance to drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress: mechanistic insights and future directions 丛枝菌根真菌作为植物抗旱、耐盐和重金属胁迫的综合调节剂：机理和未来方向

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100636

Mutaz Mohammed Abdallah , Chenmei Suo , Youxin Cui , Rana Hissan Ullah , Hoang Hong Nhung , Lixin Li , Changli Liu

Climate change and anthropogenic pressures have intensified abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal (HM) contamination, severely impairing plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), through their symbiotic association with plant roots, offer a promising biological strategy to enhance plant resilience under these stresses. This review synthesizes recent advances in understanding the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms by which AMF confer stress tolerance. Key mechanisms include modulation of aquaporin expression for water homeostasis, regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, and fine-tuning of osmolyte metabolism such as proline. Under salinity, AMF improves ion homeostasis by regulating SOS1 and NHX transporters and enhancing K⁺/Na⁺ discrimination. In HM-contaminated environments, AMF facilitate metal immobilization, chelation via phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and vacuolar sequestration, thereby reducing oxidative damage. The review also highlights AMF-mediated transcriptional reprogramming involving 14-3-3 proteins and stress-responsive transcription factors (e.g., WRKY, MYB, bHLH). By integrating rhizospheric interactions with intracellular signaling, AMF emerge as multifaceted modulators of plant stress physiology.

This review delineates key gaps in current understanding and outlines strategic directions for harnessing AMF in sustainable agriculture under complex abiotic stress scenarios. By integrating mechanistic insights across drought, salinity, and heavy metal stress, it emphasizes the convergence of AMF-mediated signaling pathways and cross-tolerance mechanisms that underpin plant resilience.

气候变化和人为压力加剧了干旱、盐度和重金属污染等非生物胁迫，严重损害了植物的生长和生产力。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）通过与植物根系的共生关系，为提高植物在这些胁迫下的恢复力提供了一种有前途的生物学策略。本文综述了近年来在了解AMF赋予抗逆性的生理、生化和分子机制方面的最新进展。关键机制包括水通道蛋白表达的水稳态调节，脱落酸（ABA）和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路的调节，抗氧化防御的增强，渗透代谢如脯氨酸的微调。在盐度条件下，AMF通过调节SOS1和NHX转运体以及增强K+/Na+辨别能力来改善离子稳态。在hm污染的环境中，AMF促进金属固定，通过植物螯合素和金属硫蛋白螯合以及空泡隔离，从而减少氧化损伤。该综述还强调了amf介导的涉及14-3-3蛋白和应激反应转录因子（如WRKY， MYB, bHLH）的转录重编程。通过整合根际相互作用和细胞内信号，AMF成为植物胁迫生理的多方面调节剂。这篇综述概述了当前认识中的关键差距，并概述了在复杂的非生物胁迫情景下利用AMF在可持续农业中的战略方向。通过整合干旱、盐度和重金属胁迫的机制见解，强调了amf介导的信号通路和支撑植物抗逆性的交叉耐受机制的收敛性。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of somatic embryogenesis protocol for Hevea brasiliensis clones RRIM 600 and REYAN 88-13 巴西橡胶树RRIM 600和热研88-13体细胞胚胎发生方案的优化

IF 2.8 Q3 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2025.100640

Florence Dessailly , Li Zhe , Florence Martin , Julie Petit-Briand , Pascal Montoro , Julie Leclercq

The challenges for the development of rubber cultivation are so agronomically significant in the face of climate change that it is crucial to introduce biotechnology into the clonal propagation of rubber trees. A protocol was developed on rubber clone PB 260. This protocol was used for two other clones, RRIM 600 and REYAN 88-13, which exhibited highly contrasting response to callus growth and embryogenic capacity. Optimization of somatic embryogenesis for these two clones led us to successful conduct genetic transformation trials. We discussed the in vitro behaviour of the calli considering the origin of the embryogenic callus and the endogenous redox status.

在气候变化的背景下，橡胶种植的发展面临着巨大的农艺学挑战，因此将生物技术引入橡胶树的无性系繁殖中至关重要。在橡胶克隆体pb260上研制了一种方案。该方案应用于另外两个无性系RRIM 600和REYAN 88-13，对愈伤组织生长和胚胎发生能力表现出截然不同的反应。这两个克隆体细胞胚发生的优化使我们成功地进行了遗传转化试验。我们从胚性愈伤组织的起源和内源氧化还原状态两方面讨论了愈伤组织的体外行为。

引用次数: 0