Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene最新文献

Objective: To review data from the Children's Oral Health Initiative (COHI) database from 2006 to 2016 to determine the impact of COHI on the oral health of registered First Nations and Inuit children in Atlantic Canada (AC), Saskatchewan, and Ontario.

Methods: Data from the national COHI database were analysed for children ages 0 to 7 years in participating Indigenous communities. The mean age of participants and the number of children participating in COHI, receiving a first dental screening, fluoride varnish applications, sealants, and atraumatic restorative therapy were evaluated. Participants were grouped into 3 age categories (0-2, 3-5, 6-7). The decayed, extracted, and filled primary teeth (deft) scores were calculated.

Results: Between 2006 and 2016, 80,574 children with an average age of 3.8 ±2.2 years participated in COHI in Saskatchewan, Ontario, and AC. The proportion receiving oral screenings, fluoride varnish, and sealants remained consistent over time. From 2006 to 2012, the number of participants receiving atraumatic restorative therapy increased in Saskatchewan and AC, and deft scores remained relatively stable with a marginal increase observed. This finding coincided with advancing age of children in all regions. Comparison of mean deft scores for children ages 0 to 7 years between 2006-2011 and 2012-2016 revealed an increase in Ontario and Saskatchewan. In AC, there was a significant decline in mean deft scores over the 2 time periods.

Conclusion: While no significant decreases in deft scores were identified, the findings suggest that children participating in COHI are receiving needed preventive services such as fluoride varnish and atraumatic restorative therapy.

Objective: This review aimed to explore how parents employ social media as an educational platform for their children's oral health and to review the content quality shared across different social media platforms.

Method: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for relevant literature published between 1998 and 2023. With the use of inclusion and exclusion criteria, the remaining articles were reviewed.

Results: Twenty-six (26) studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 5 studies (19%) suggested that active engagement of parents in social media-based educational initiatives can enhance the oral health-related behaviours of their children. Nineteen studies (73%) recommended that efforts be made to generate instructive and standardized videos for use in social media by oral health professionals. Two studies (8%) suggested that social media platforms serve as a means for parents to promote oral health in children, fostering awareness and education in a widely accessible and engaging manner.

Discussion: According to this review, social media is a driving force in disseminating information to parents regarding children's oral health, but standardization of the information must be implemented.

Conclusion: Social media networks play crucial roles in informing, educating, and motivating parents to improve the overall oral health of their children.

Introduction: Kahoot! is an online quiz game that has become popular in education, including health professional education. Despite the known benefits of Kahoot!, application of this game in dental hygiene education is rare.

Description of case: Kahoot! was incorporated into a dental hygiene course at the University of Alberta, Canada. A pilot study was conducted to describe students' experiences with and perspectives on Kahoot! gaming. Nineteen percent (19%) of the students in the course participated in a voluntary, anonymous survey. The results indicated positive impacts of Kahoot! on student components of motivation: attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. Seventy-five percent (75%) of the survey respondents reported in-class competition in Kahoot! as a source of motivation; 24% found the live leaderboard stressful.

Discussion: Despite some stressful experiences reported by students, this study suggests that Kahoot! is an excellent tool for promoting student engagement.

Conclusion: Further studies are needed in this area to explore the impact of Kahoot! on the academic performance and learning outcomes of dental hygiene students.

Background: Initial carious lesions are reversible, and fluoride-containing reagents effectively promote enamel remineralization in these initial lesions. Numerous remineralizing agents are available, some containing fluoride and others containing alternatives because of fluoride toxicity concerns. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the following remineralizing agents: fluoride varnish (5% NaF, Duraphat^®), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste (CPP-ACP, Tooth Mousse^®), and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste (CPP-ACPF, Tooth Mousse Plus^®) on initial carious lesions.

Materials and methods: Forty human maxillary premolar teeth were randomized into 4 experimental groups: distilled water, fluoride varnish, CPP-ACP, and CPP-ACPF. All 40 teeth were cut in half mesiodistally. A Vickers microhardness test was performed on the buccal half of each tooth; the lingual half was examined with a spectrophotometer for colour dimension. An Atomic Force Microscope was used to evaluate roughness. During the experiments, microhardness, colour, and roughness were examined 3 times: 1) before treatment; 2) after demineralization; and 3) after remineralization. At each stage, a scanning electron microscope was used to examine surface features and enable energy dispersive X-ray chemical composition analysis.

Results: Demineralization carried out in preparation for testing of the agents caused enamel hardness to decrease significantly. Enamel roughness increased, although not significantly. After remineralization, each of the 3 remineralizing agents had significantly increased both hardness and lightness (L*), compared to the demineralized enamel. Each agent decreased enamel roughness, but the roughness change was not significant.

Conclusion: Comparing the 3 remineralizing agents, there were no significant differences between the agents in effectiveness.

Background: Integrating the basic sciences into a clinical curriculum is critical for students' understanding of physiological processes in patient care. Health professional students with a better understanding of basic science principles have better diagnostic accuracy and a more comprehensive understanding of clinical cases. Traditional health professional curricula offer discrete basic science and clinical courses, resulting in students who struggle to recognize the relevance of the material and incorporate fundamental science knowledge into their later clinical education. This study examined student perceptions of integrating foundational sciences into their health professional program and evaluated the extent of that integration with clinical oral medicine and pathology knowledge using a knowledge integration scale.

Methods: Students in the second to fourth years of the Dental Hygiene Program at the University of Alberta, Canada, were invited to participate in an anonymous survey regarding their perceptions of the integration of sciences in teaching. In a separate invitation, third- and fourth-year dental hygiene students were invited to complete a graded measure of knowledge integration.

Results: Significant differences were found between year cohorts in the perceptions of integrating basic sciences into the clinical curriculum. Content analysis of descriptive student comments revealed the benefits of integrating clinical and foundational science knowledge. There were no significant differences between third- and fourth-year dental hygiene students in measured integration of foundational science and clinical knowledge.

Conclusions: Further studies are needed to shed light on faculty perceptions and identify strategies to facilitate curricular integrations at the faculty level.

Background: Individuals with mental disorders have a significant risk of experiencing a deterioration in their oral health due to several factors. This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic and behavioral factors on the caries experience of adults with mental disorders in a large Brazilian metropolis.

Methods: A total of 753 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia or depression participated in the study. They were users of 10 public mental health outpatient clinics located in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. These adults provided data on socioeconomic characteristics, medication use, and behaviours related to general and oral health. Oral heath examinations were conducted to evaluate dental plaque and caries experience.

Results: It was observed that the chance of presenting decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth (DMFT) above the sample median was significantly higher among older individuals (OR = 11.62; 95% CI: 8.11-16.66), those with lower education levels (OR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.23-2.53), those who used tobacco 3 or more times per week (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.18-2.56) and those with a higher biofilm index (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01-2.09), p< 0.05. The DMFT index (mean ± SD) was 15.3 ± 8.4 for individuals with schizophrenia and 15.8 ± 8.3 for individuals with depression. Mean plaque index was 2.81 for participants with schizophrenia and 2 for participants with depression.

Conclusion: The sample of Brazilian adults with mental disorders had poor oral health, which was associated with socioeconomic, behavioural, and oral factors.

Background: Combining visual thinking and storytelling makes whiteboard animation an effective educational tool. However, the impact of whiteboard animation is understudied in health science education. This literature review explored the use and impact of whiteboard animation on teaching in health science education.

Method: A comprehensive electronic literature search was conducted in 5 databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Education Research Complete to identify full-text research articles published in English between 2013 and 2024. Articles were screened to match inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from the eligible studies.

Results: After 2 rounds of screening, 6 articles were included in the review, all focussing on evaluating the impact of whiteboard animations in dental, medical, and other health science education. All studies reported positive impacts on student satisfaction and knowledge acquisition. A correlation between the number of video views and students' longitudinal exam performance was also reported.

Discussion and conclusion: The concise and engaging animations explaining concepts in a storytelling manner offer an alternative mode of presenting teaching material, reducing extrinsic cognitive loads on the learners. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of this powerful tool on health science education.

Background: The influence of prebiotics and probiotics on oral microbiome composition, addressing dysbiosis, and aiding in the regulation of the immune-inflammatory response has recently been discussed. The objective of this scoping review is to explore current literature that examines the use of prebiotics and probiotics as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease with the intent to identify gaps in the literature to inform future research and dental hygiene practice.

Methods: This review was conducted from December 2022 to August 2023 using the Arksey and O'Malley approach and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Three databases were searched using combinations of keywords. Only peer-reviewed human/in vitro studies published in the last 10 years were included.

Results: The search retrieved 204 articles. Duplicates were removed, titles and abstracts screened, and the full text of 80 articles examined, resulting in the inclusion of 19 articles.

Discussion and conclusion: Most of the included literature indicated that probiotics have a positive impact on periodontal health as evidenced by changes in periodontal disease parameters. Future research should further examine various modes of administration and dosages. The effects of specific prebiotic and probiotic strains on specific pathogenic bacteria in conjunction with non-surgical periodontal therapy should also be further explored.