At the start of the 20th Century – between the desastre del '98 and the Civil War in Spain, and during a population explosion in Argentina due to a massive influx of immigrants from abroad – elites and conservative elements in both countries felt a political, spiritual, and existential crisis to be at hand in the form of the ascent of the modern masses. Indeed, these masses were seen to personify the threat of anarchic, communistic, and democratic disorder at home and abroad. Within the Hispanic world, the self-styled authority with regards to the "barbaric" masses was the Spanish philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset – a thinker who, outside of Spain, was most influential in Argentina. This chapter explores Ortega's relationship with his “second homeland,” ultimately positing that the elitist, authoritarian, and xenophobic theses he puts forth in _La rebelión de las masas_ and his various essays on Argentina served as the philosophical justification for the transatlantic co-conspiracy against the masses that would come to emerge.
在20世纪初——在98年的大萧条和西班牙内战之间，在阿根廷由于大量外国移民的涌入而出现人口爆炸期间——两国的精英和保守分子都感到一场政治、精神和生存危机迫在眉睫，其表现形式是现代大众的崛起。事实上，这些群众被视为国内外无政府主义、共产主义和民主混乱威胁的化身。在西班牙人的世界里，西班牙哲学家约瑟•奥尔特加•加塞特(jossartega y Gasset)在“野蛮”群众问题上自封为权威，他是西班牙以外在阿根廷最有影响力的思想家。本章探讨奥尔特加与他的“第二故乡”的关系，最终假设他在《la rebelión de las masas_》中提出的精英主义、威权主义和仇外主义论点，以及他关于阿根廷的各种文章，都是为即将出现的反大众的跨大西洋共谋提供哲学上的理由。
{"title":"It’s Complicated—Ortega y Gasset’s Relationship with Argentina","authors":"R. Wells","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.37","url":null,"abstract":"At the start of the 20th Century – between the desastre del '98 and the Civil War in Spain, and during a population explosion in Argentina due to a massive influx of immigrants from abroad – elites and conservative elements in both countries felt a political, spiritual, and existential crisis to be at hand in the form of the ascent of the modern masses. Indeed, these masses were seen to personify the threat of anarchic, communistic, and democratic disorder at home and abroad. Within the Hispanic world, the self-styled authority with regards to the \"barbaric\" masses was the Spanish philosopher, José Ortega y Gasset – a thinker who, outside of Spain, was most influential in Argentina. This chapter explores Ortega's relationship with his “second homeland,” ultimately positing that the elitist, authoritarian, and xenophobic theses he puts forth in _La rebelión de las masas_ and his various essays on Argentina served as the philosophical justification for the transatlantic co-conspiracy against the masses that would come to emerge.","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86500678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ethical Questions about Human Trafficking during Times of Dictatorship:","authors":"A. Corbalán","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86661912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-19DOI: 10.3828/LIVERPOOL/9781789620252.003.0002
Francisco Fernández de Alba
“Transatlantic Coloniality” focuses on the work of Wifredo Lam and Virgilio Piñera to explore the construction of a national Cuban cannon in the 40s. From the perspective of Transatlantic Studies, the development of Cuban arts illustrates the dynamic tensions between those seeking to build Cuban national arts emerging from a whitewashed colonial past and those cosmopolitans, such as Lam and Piñera, emphasizing popular and Afro-Caribbean culture. Colonial discourses were, in both cases, at the center of the struggle to establish and consolidate the Cuban arts. Absorbed and integrated in one case as a historical foundation, it was critically questioned by Lam and Piñera.
{"title":"Transatlantic Coloniality in 1940s Cuba","authors":"Francisco Fernández de Alba","doi":"10.3828/LIVERPOOL/9781789620252.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/LIVERPOOL/9781789620252.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"“Transatlantic Coloniality” focuses on the work of Wifredo Lam and Virgilio Piñera to explore the construction of a national Cuban cannon in the 40s. From the perspective of Transatlantic Studies, the development of Cuban arts illustrates the dynamic tensions between those seeking to build Cuban national arts emerging from a whitewashed colonial past and those cosmopolitans, such as Lam and Piñera, emphasizing popular and Afro-Caribbean culture. Colonial discourses were, in both cases, at the center of the struggle to establish and consolidate the Cuban arts. Absorbed and integrated in one case as a historical foundation, it was critically questioned by Lam and Piñera.","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87899768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter offers a pedagogical exploration of an interdisciplinary approach to the topic of Iberian Atlantic bodies, commodities, and texts through the fields of history and literature. It offers an analytical and course-based exploration of the inherent paradox that is the “Iberian Atlantic” (or, if we move beyond the focus on Spain, Portugal, and their colonies, the “Transatlantic”). Drawing on primary sources and secondary literature that delves students into the complicated terrain of colonial encounters in terms of gender, sexuality, and race, this course challenges the principle issues of teleology, essentialization, and epistemology.
{"title":"Iberian Atlantic Bodies, Commodities, and Texts","authors":"Zeb Tortorici","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter offers a pedagogical exploration of an interdisciplinary approach to the topic of Iberian Atlantic bodies, commodities, and texts through the fields of history and literature. It offers an analytical and course-based exploration of the inherent paradox that is the “Iberian Atlantic” (or, if we move beyond the focus on Spain, Portugal, and their colonies, the “Transatlantic”). Drawing on primary sources and secondary literature that delves students into the complicated terrain of colonial encounters in terms of gender, sexuality, and race, this course challenges the principle issues of teleology, essentialization, and epistemology.","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85701091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When the Mediterranean Moved West:","authors":"Thomas S. Harrington","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"29 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76200537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Triangulating the Atlantic:","authors":"Pedro García-Caro","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79618949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The fin de siècle does not immediately spring to mind as a period sympathetic to supranational Luso-Brazilian literary and cultural bonds. The period witnessed a sequence of events that distanced Portugal and Brazil politically, and destabilized both countries. Brazil’s republican coup (1889) put the final nail in the coffin of the Luso-Brazilian empire and led to a transatlantic financial crisis; Britain’s “Ultimatum” (1890) to Portugal regarding its African claims undermined the monarchy; and Portugal’s limited intervention in Brazil’s Revolta da Armada (1893-94) led to a temporary suspension of diplomatic relations. Further, the aggressive nationalism of the early years of Brazil’s Old Republic was marked by a pronounced lusofobia. And negative stereotypes about Brazil and brasileiros (nouveau riche Portuguese returnees) remained popular comic fodder in Portugal. I contend that this agitated state of affairs prompted a cohort of Brazilian and Portuguese writers to affirm enduring Luso-Brazilian ties despite their political unpopularity. I will focus on three moments of Luso-Brazilianist activity during the period: Joaquim Nabuco’s 1880 and 1888 speeches in Rio de Janeiro’s Gabinete Português de Leitura, the publication of Oliveira Martins’s O Brasil e as Colônias Portuguesas (1888), and the 1916 visit to Portugal of Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac.
在人们的脑海中，“经济危机”并不是一个支持超国家的葡巴文学和文化纽带的时期。在这一时期，一系列事件拉开了葡萄牙和巴西的政治距离，并破坏了这两个国家的稳定。巴西的共和政变(1889年)给葡巴帝国的棺材钉上了最后一颗钉子，并引发了一场跨大西洋金融危机;1890年，英国就葡萄牙的非洲主权问题向葡萄牙发出“最后通牒”，破坏了君主制;葡萄牙对巴西“无敌舰队起义”(1893-94)的有限干预导致两国外交关系暂时中断。此外，巴西旧共和国早期咄咄逼人的民族主义以一种明显的软恐惧症为标志。在葡萄牙，关于巴西和巴西人(回国的葡萄牙暴发户)的负面刻板印象仍然很受欢迎。我认为，这种激动人心的事态促使一群巴西和葡萄牙作家断言，尽管两国在政治上不受欢迎，但两国之间的关系是持久的。我将重点介绍这一时期葡-巴西主义活动的三个时刻:若阿金·纳布科1880年和1888年在巴西里约热内卢的Gabinete Português de Leitura上的演讲，奥利维拉·马丁斯的《O Brasil e as Colônias portuesas》(1888年)的出版，以及巴西诗人奥拉沃·比拉克1916年访问葡萄牙。
{"title":"“Across the Waves”: The Luso-Brazilian Republic of Letters at the Fin de Siècle","authors":"R. Newcomb","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.15","url":null,"abstract":"The fin de siècle does not immediately spring to mind as a period sympathetic to supranational Luso-Brazilian literary and cultural bonds. The period witnessed a sequence of events that distanced Portugal and Brazil politically, and destabilized both countries. Brazil’s republican coup (1889) put the final nail in the coffin of the Luso-Brazilian empire and led to a transatlantic financial crisis; Britain’s “Ultimatum” (1890) to Portugal regarding its African claims undermined the monarchy; and Portugal’s limited intervention in Brazil’s Revolta da Armada (1893-94) led to a temporary suspension of diplomatic relations. Further, the aggressive nationalism of the early years of Brazil’s Old Republic was marked by a pronounced lusofobia. And negative stereotypes about Brazil and brasileiros (nouveau riche Portuguese returnees) remained popular comic fodder in Portugal. I contend that this agitated state of affairs prompted a cohort of Brazilian and Portuguese writers to affirm enduring Luso-Brazilian ties despite their political unpopularity. I will focus on three moments of Luso-Brazilianist activity during the period: Joaquim Nabuco’s 1880 and 1888 speeches in Rio de Janeiro’s Gabinete Português de Leitura, the publication of Oliveira Martins’s O Brasil e as Colônias Portuguesas (1888), and the 1916 visit to Portugal of Brazilian poet Olavo Bilac.","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72488675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By examining how contemporary Spanish and Chilean women writers represent dictatorial pasts and the experience of inner exile, this essay sheds light on the link between political and gendered violence underpinning the Franco dictatorship in Spain (1939-1975) and Pinochet dictatorship in Chile (1973-1989). Without collapsing difference, we address political systems and artistic movements within a wider cultural, political and historical framework. Through a close reading of El lector de Julio Verne by Spanish novelist Almudena Grandes and Óxido de Carmen by Chilean author Ana María del Río, we gain a platform to ask questions that move beyond a monocultural or national standpoint and to explore how authors have responded to similar struggles. A transatlantic comparative study of these texts not only helps us to understand how the regimes’ violence was shaped by related ideologies, but also how literature might intervene, expose and subvert such violence through the reconstruction of silenced memories of resistance.
通过研究当代西班牙和智利女作家如何表现独裁的过去和内心流亡的经历，本文揭示了支撑西班牙佛朗哥独裁(1939-1975)和智利皮诺切特独裁(1973-1989)的政治和性别暴力之间的联系。在不破坏差异的情况下，我们在更广泛的文化、政治和历史框架内讨论政治制度和艺术运动。通过仔细阅读西班牙小说家Almudena Grandes的《选胡里奥·凡尔纳》和智利作家Ana María del Río的《Óxido de Carmen》，我们获得了一个平台，可以提出超越单一文化或国家立场的问题，并探讨作家如何应对类似的斗争。对这些文本的跨大西洋比较研究不仅有助于我们理解相关意识形态如何塑造政权的暴力，而且还有助于我们理解文学如何通过重建沉默的抵抗记忆来干预、揭露和颠覆这种暴力。
{"title":"Teaching Narratives of Women’s Inner Exile in Spain and Chile","authors":"L. DiGiovanni","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.20","url":null,"abstract":"By examining how contemporary Spanish and Chilean women writers represent dictatorial pasts and the experience of inner exile, this essay sheds light on the link between political and gendered violence underpinning the Franco dictatorship in Spain (1939-1975) and Pinochet dictatorship in Chile (1973-1989). Without collapsing difference, we address political systems and artistic movements within a wider cultural, political and historical framework. Through a close reading of El lector de Julio Verne by Spanish novelist Almudena Grandes and Óxido de Carmen by Chilean author Ana María del Río, we gain a platform to ask questions that move beyond a monocultural or national standpoint and to explore how authors have responded to similar struggles. A transatlantic comparative study of these texts not only helps us to understand how the regimes’ violence was shaped by related ideologies, but also how literature might intervene, expose and subvert such violence through the reconstruction of silenced memories of resistance.","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83935698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rewriting the Colonial Past:","authors":"Aurélie Vialette","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvsn3p6g.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53595,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Transatlantic Studies","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81067726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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