Patanga japonica (Bolívar) shows various body colors in the field. Most nymphs are green in the summer, but some develop non-green colors, such as yellow, white, brown, reddish, and black, in the fall. Nymphs individually reared in white, yellow-green, and black containers showed green, light-green, white, and reddish body colors, and the substrate color significantly influenced the proportions of green nymphs. A few individuals developed black spots and patterns, and such individuals were most frequently observed in the black containers. Nymphs with distinct black patterns were observed when reared in a group of five individuals per container, and the proportion of such individuals varied slightly depending on the brightness of the substrate color. Singly kept nymphs that were allowed to see five other nymphs in another container turned darker than those that were only allowed to see an empty container, suggesting that visual stimuli without mechanical stimulation induced black patterns. In outdoor cages, nymphs tended to develop more pronounced black patterns during their last instar when the hatching date was delayed and the temperature during the later stages of development was decreased. The effect of temperature during the late stadia was tested by transferring a group of third-stadium nymphs from outdoor cool conditions to a high temperature, while other nymphs were continuously maintained outdoors. Markedly melanized individuals were observed in the outdoor cage, whereas the appearance of such individuals was strongly suppressed at a high temperature. Green nymphs injected with synthetic [His7]-corazonin developed black patterns after ecdysis to the following instars and to the adult stage, and some looked indistinguishable in body color from group-reared nymphs. Nymphs injected with this hormone developed black patterns even at a high temperature. Adults looked similar in body coloration with some variation. Their hindwings turned reddish after overwintering. These results demonstrate that P. japonica exhibits body-color pholyphenism.
{"title":"Environmental and hormonal control of body-color polyphenism in Patanga japonica (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Effects of substrate color, crowding, temperature and [His7]-corazonin injection","authors":"Seiji Tanaka, Takumi Kayukawa","doi":"10.3897/jor.33.98133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.98133","url":null,"abstract":"Patanga japonica (Bolívar) shows various body colors in the field. Most nymphs are green in the summer, but some develop non-green colors, such as yellow, white, brown, reddish, and black, in the fall. Nymphs individually reared in white, yellow-green, and black containers showed green, light-green, white, and reddish body colors, and the substrate color significantly influenced the proportions of green nymphs. A few individuals developed black spots and patterns, and such individuals were most frequently observed in the black containers. Nymphs with distinct black patterns were observed when reared in a group of five individuals per container, and the proportion of such individuals varied slightly depending on the brightness of the substrate color. Singly kept nymphs that were allowed to see five other nymphs in another container turned darker than those that were only allowed to see an empty container, suggesting that visual stimuli without mechanical stimulation induced black patterns. In outdoor cages, nymphs tended to develop more pronounced black patterns during their last instar when the hatching date was delayed and the temperature during the later stages of development was decreased. The effect of temperature during the late stadia was tested by transferring a group of third-stadium nymphs from outdoor cool conditions to a high temperature, while other nymphs were continuously maintained outdoors. Markedly melanized individuals were observed in the outdoor cage, whereas the appearance of such individuals was strongly suppressed at a high temperature. Green nymphs injected with synthetic [His7]-corazonin developed black patterns after ecdysis to the following instars and to the adult stage, and some looked indistinguishable in body color from group-reared nymphs. Nymphs injected with this hormone developed black patterns even at a high temperature. Adults looked similar in body coloration with some variation. Their hindwings turned reddish after overwintering. These results demonstrate that P. japonica exhibits body-color pholyphenism.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"40 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extant pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) that possess wings have the forewings reduced into scale-like tegmenula, while hind wings remain fully developed. Rusmithia gorochovigen. et sp. nov. (Tetrigidae, Batrachideinae, Rusmithinitrib. nov.) is described based on a single adult female holotype from Lithuanian Baltic amber, from the Bartonian-Priabonian age, some 40 million years ago, and this is the only known tetrigid in which tegmenula or tegmina (the forewings) extend as far as half the length of the hind femur. Besides this very unique trait, other characters of Rusmithiagen. nov. indicate similarity with extant and especially fossil Batrachideinae (genus Danatettix Thomas, Skejo & Heads, 2019). Because of the strong differences this genus and Danatettix have with American Batrachideinae, they are assigned to a new tribe, European Batrachideinae or Rusmithinitrib. nov.Acrydium bachofeni (Zeuner, 1937) might belong to this or a sibling genus based on its very long tegmenula or Succinotettix chopardi Piton, 1938, based on its 19-segmented antennae; neither species is tranferred as their types could not be examined.
{"title":"A new long-winged pygmy grasshopper in Eocene Baltic amber raises questions about the evolution of reduced tegmenula in Tetrigidae (Orthoptera)","authors":"Josip Skejo, Niko Kasalo, M. Thomas, S. Heads","doi":"10.3897/jor.33.105144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.105144","url":null,"abstract":"Extant pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) that possess wings have the forewings reduced into scale-like tegmenula, while hind wings remain fully developed. Rusmithia gorochovigen. et sp. nov. (Tetrigidae, Batrachideinae, Rusmithinitrib. nov.) is described based on a single adult female holotype from Lithuanian Baltic amber, from the Bartonian-Priabonian age, some 40 million years ago, and this is the only known tetrigid in which tegmenula or tegmina (the forewings) extend as far as half the length of the hind femur. Besides this very unique trait, other characters of Rusmithiagen. nov. indicate similarity with extant and especially fossil Batrachideinae (genus Danatettix Thomas, Skejo & Heads, 2019). Because of the strong differences this genus and Danatettix have with American Batrachideinae, they are assigned to a new tribe, European Batrachideinae or Rusmithinitrib. nov.Acrydium bachofeni (Zeuner, 1937) might belong to this or a sibling genus based on its very long tegmenula or Succinotettix chopardi Piton, 1938, based on its 19-segmented antennae; neither species is tranferred as their types could not be examined.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"30 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many grasshopper species produce conspicuous sounds while escaping from approaching predators; however, they occasionally escape without producing sounds. The Chinese grasshopper, Acrida cinerea, often exhibits noisy escape behavior. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted using A. cinerea to identify factors related to the production of sound during escape. This study utilized a predator model with an investigator approaching A. cinerea three times. We examined the relationship between the production of sound during escape and the following factors: ambient temperature and relative humidity as environmental factors; sex, body length, body weight, and limb autotomy as prey traits; and the repeated approach as a predator trait. The relationships between noisy escape and flight initiation distance (i.e., predator-prey distance when the prey initiates the escape), distance fled (i.e., distance the prey covered during the escape), and the mode of locomotion during escape (i.e., flying or jumping) were also examined. Noisy escape was observed only in males that escaped by flying, whereas the females and males that escaped by jumping invariably escaped silently. Among males that flew, noisy escape was related to ambient temperature, limb autotomy, and distance fled. The proportion that produced sound increased in parallel with the ambient temperature and distance fled. This proportion was lower among individuals that had autotomized one of their hind legs. These results indicate that noisy escape behavior is most frequent in healthy male A. cinerea under warm conditions.
许多蚱蜢物种在逃离接近的捕食者时都会发出明显的声音；不过，它们偶尔也会在不发出声音的情况下逃跑。中国蚱蜢（Acrida cinerea）经常表现出嘈杂的逃跑行为。因此，我们利用中华蚱蜢进行了一项野外实验，以确定与逃跑时发出声音有关的因素。这项研究采用了捕食者模型，研究人员三次接近 A. cinerea。我们研究了逃逸过程中声音的产生与以下因素之间的关系：环境因素中的环境温度和相对湿度；猎物特征中的性别、体长、体重和肢体自切；捕食者特征中的重复接近。此外，还研究了噪声逃逸与逃逸开始距离（即猎物开始逃逸时捕食者与猎物之间的距离）、逃逸距离（即猎物在逃逸过程中的距离）以及逃逸过程中的运动方式（即飞行还是跳跃）之间的关系。只有用飞的方式逃跑的雄性才会发出嘈杂的逃跑声，而用跳的方式逃跑的雌性和雄性都是无声逃跑。在飞行逃跑的雄性中，发出声音的逃跑与环境温度、肢体自转和逃跑距离有关。发出声音的比例随着环境温度和逃跑距离的增加而增加。后肢自动切除的个体发出声音的比例较低。这些结果表明，在温暖条件下，健康雄性银环蛇最常见的是发出声音的逃跑行为。
{"title":"Factors related to sound production by the Chinese grasshopper Acrida cinerea during escape","authors":"Tatsuru Kuga, Eiiti Kasuya","doi":"10.3897/jor.33.100865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.100865","url":null,"abstract":"Many grasshopper species produce conspicuous sounds while escaping from approaching predators; however, they occasionally escape without producing sounds. The Chinese grasshopper, Acrida cinerea, often exhibits noisy escape behavior. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted using A. cinerea to identify factors related to the production of sound during escape. This study utilized a predator model with an investigator approaching A. cinerea three times. We examined the relationship between the production of sound during escape and the following factors: ambient temperature and relative humidity as environmental factors; sex, body length, body weight, and limb autotomy as prey traits; and the repeated approach as a predator trait. The relationships between noisy escape and flight initiation distance (i.e., predator-prey distance when the prey initiates the escape), distance fled (i.e., distance the prey covered during the escape), and the mode of locomotion during escape (i.e., flying or jumping) were also examined. Noisy escape was observed only in males that escaped by flying, whereas the females and males that escaped by jumping invariably escaped silently. Among males that flew, noisy escape was related to ambient temperature, limb autotomy, and distance fled. The proportion that produced sound increased in parallel with the ambient temperature and distance fled. This proportion was lower among individuals that had autotomized one of their hind legs. These results indicate that noisy escape behavior is most frequent in healthy male A. cinerea under warm conditions.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adults of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected in the Japanese Archipelago, which extends from the Ryukyu subtropical region to the Hokkaido cool-temperate region, covering more than 2,500 km. A saw-toothed pattern was observed in body size along the latitudinal or annual mean temperature gradient, which is similar to Masaki’s clines initially described for crickets. The latitudinal cline of locusts was also observed in the laboratory, suggesting that this cline was primarily due to genetic variation. In the northern univoltine zone, locust body size increased toward the south. The latitudinal size trend was reversed in the transitional zones where the voltinism shifted from univoltine to bivoltine and from bivoltine to trivoltine life cycles. These patterns may be explained by changes in the length of the growing season for development and reproduction. Body size varied with growth efficiency but not with the variable lengths of nymphal development. Larger females had more ovarioles and produced fatter egg pods containing more eggs per pod. The morphometric ratio, F/C (hind femur length/head width), tended to decrease with latitude, but this characteristic could be primarily due to phylogenetic differences between the northern and southern clades. It was confirmed that F/C ratio decreased when the locusts were reared in a group. The sexual size dimorphism, or SSD, tended to increase as the mean body sizes of populations increased, converse to Rensch’s rule. The relative body size of females and males correlated with latitude and was greatly reduced when the insects were reared in a group. The smaller rate of increase at higher latitudes may be related to male–female associations and predation pressure.
{"title":"Geographic variation in body size of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera, Acrididae): Masaki’s cline and phase polyphenism","authors":"Seiji Tanaka","doi":"10.3897/jor.33.107242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.33.107242","url":null,"abstract":"Adults of the migratory locust Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected in the Japanese Archipelago, which extends from the Ryukyu subtropical region to the Hokkaido cool-temperate region, covering more than 2,500 km. A saw-toothed pattern was observed in body size along the latitudinal or annual mean temperature gradient, which is similar to Masaki’s clines initially described for crickets. The latitudinal cline of locusts was also observed in the laboratory, suggesting that this cline was primarily due to genetic variation. In the northern univoltine zone, locust body size increased toward the south. The latitudinal size trend was reversed in the transitional zones where the voltinism shifted from univoltine to bivoltine and from bivoltine to trivoltine life cycles. These patterns may be explained by changes in the length of the growing season for development and reproduction. Body size varied with growth efficiency but not with the variable lengths of nymphal development. Larger females had more ovarioles and produced fatter egg pods containing more eggs per pod. The morphometric ratio, F/C (hind femur length/head width), tended to decrease with latitude, but this characteristic could be primarily due to phylogenetic differences between the northern and southern clades. It was confirmed that F/C ratio decreased when the locusts were reared in a group. The sexual size dimorphism, or SSD, tended to increase as the mean body sizes of populations increased, converse to Rensch’s rule. The relative body size of females and males correlated with latitude and was greatly reduced when the insects were reared in a group. The smaller rate of increase at higher latitudes may be related to male–female associations and predation pressure.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"20 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy R. Byerly, Clara Jenck, Alexander R. B. Goetz, David B. Weissman, David A. Gray, Charles L. Ross, Luana S. Maroja, Erica L. Larson
Patterns of morphological divergence across species’ ranges can provide insight into local adaptation and speciation. In this study, we compared phenotypic divergence among 4,221 crickets from 337 populations of two closely related species of field cricket, Gryllus firmus and G. pennsylvanicus , and their hybrids. We found that these species differ across their geographic range in key morphological traits, such as body size and ovipositor length, and we directly compared phenotype with genotype for a subset of crickets to demonstrate nuclear genetic introgression, phenotypic intermediacy of hybrids, and essentially unidirectional mitochondrial introgression. We discuss how these morphological traits relate to life history differences between the two species. Our comparisons across geographic areas support prior research suggesting that cryptic variation within G. firmus may represent different species. Our study highlights how variable morphology can be across wide-ranging species and the importance of studying reproductive barriers in more than one or two transects of a hybrid zone.
{"title":"Geographic variation in phenotypic divergence between two hybridizing field cricket species","authors":"Amy R. Byerly, Clara Jenck, Alexander R. B. Goetz, David B. Weissman, David A. Gray, Charles L. Ross, Luana S. Maroja, Erica L. Larson","doi":"10.3897/jor.32.90713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.90713","url":null,"abstract":"Patterns of morphological divergence across species’ ranges can provide insight into local adaptation and speciation. In this study, we compared phenotypic divergence among 4,221 crickets from 337 populations of two closely related species of field cricket, Gryllus firmus and G. pennsylvanicus , and their hybrids. We found that these species differ across their geographic range in key morphological traits, such as body size and ovipositor length, and we directly compared phenotype with genotype for a subset of crickets to demonstrate nuclear genetic introgression, phenotypic intermediacy of hybrids, and essentially unidirectional mitochondrial introgression. We discuss how these morphological traits relate to life history differences between the two species. Our comparisons across geographic areas support prior research suggesting that cryptic variation within G. firmus may represent different species. Our study highlights how variable morphology can be across wide-ranging species and the importance of studying reproductive barriers in more than one or two transects of a hybrid zone.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scattered taxonomic data can be used to determine the geographic distribution of arthropods such as Mantodea (mantids). The distribution of mantids is not well known in Iran and not readily determined because the literature has been published in a mix of Persian-language and non-Persian-language scientific references, including books, journals, annual congress proceedings, and final reports of academic projects. To create a national checklist of mantids in Iran, I reviewed 35 Persian and non-Persian (English, German, and Italian) publications. I recorded 57 praying mantid species from 9 families described from localities across Iran. I identified 18 species— Ameles decolor , Ameles heldreichi , Ameles picteti , Ameles spallanzania , Elaea marchali , Empusa pennata , Eremiaphila andresi , Eremiaphila cerisy , Eremiaphila turcica , Geomantis larvoides , Iris coeca , Iris pitcheri , Oxyothespis wagneri , Pareuthyphlebs palmonii , Pseudoyersinia paui , Rivetina baetica , Severinia nigrofasciata , and Severinia turcomaniae —with records in Iran that may be incorrect based on geographic ranges that do not include Iran and similarity to other species that do occur in Iran. In the proposed checklist comprising 39 species, the family Rivetinidae, with 9 species, and the 2 families Amorphoscelidae and Nanomantidae, with 1 species each, comprised the greatest and least diversity, respectively. This checklist can facilitate future studies on Iran’s mantodeans.
{"title":"Mantodea of Iran: A review-based study","authors":"Mahmood Kolnegari","doi":"10.3897/jor.32.97388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.97388","url":null,"abstract":"Scattered taxonomic data can be used to determine the geographic distribution of arthropods such as Mantodea (mantids). The distribution of mantids is not well known in Iran and not readily determined because the literature has been published in a mix of Persian-language and non-Persian-language scientific references, including books, journals, annual congress proceedings, and final reports of academic projects. To create a national checklist of mantids in Iran, I reviewed 35 Persian and non-Persian (English, German, and Italian) publications. I recorded 57 praying mantid species from 9 families described from localities across Iran. I identified 18 species— Ameles decolor , Ameles heldreichi , Ameles picteti , Ameles spallanzania , Elaea marchali , Empusa pennata , Eremiaphila andresi , Eremiaphila cerisy , Eremiaphila turcica , Geomantis larvoides , Iris coeca , Iris pitcheri , Oxyothespis wagneri , Pareuthyphlebs palmonii , Pseudoyersinia paui , Rivetina baetica , Severinia nigrofasciata , and Severinia turcomaniae —with records in Iran that may be incorrect based on geographic ranges that do not include Iran and similarity to other species that do occur in Iran. In the proposed checklist comprising 39 species, the family Rivetinidae, with 9 species, and the 2 families Amorphoscelidae and Nanomantidae, with 1 species each, comprised the greatest and least diversity, respectively. This checklist can facilitate future studies on Iran’s mantodeans.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135814983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel de Luna, Roberto García-Barrios, Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Ulises López-Mora
The winged stick insect Metriophasma iphicles (Redtenbacher, 1906) (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) is recorded for the first time from Mexico (state of Veracruz), making this the northernmost record of both the species and genus. A checklist of species in the family Pseudophasmatidae from Mexico and the USA is presented, and a key to the species listed is proposed. With the current record, the number of continental North American species of Phasmatodea increases to 108, and the number of genera in the region increases to 23.
{"title":"A new record of a winged stick insect (Phasmatodea) from Mexico, with a checklist and key to the species of the family Pseudophasmatidae from continental North America","authors":"Manuel de Luna, Roberto García-Barrios, Gerardo Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Ulises López-Mora","doi":"10.3897/jor.32.98203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.98203","url":null,"abstract":"The winged stick insect Metriophasma iphicles (Redtenbacher, 1906) (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) is recorded for the first time from Mexico (state of Veracruz), making this the northernmost record of both the species and genus. A checklist of species in the family Pseudophasmatidae from Mexico and the USA is presented, and a key to the species listed is proposed. With the current record, the number of continental North American species of Phasmatodea increases to 108, and the number of genera in the region increases to 23.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy G. Forrest, Micaela Scobie, Olivia Brueckner, Brittania Bintz, John D. Spooner
Previous work on Bartram’s round-winged katydid, Amblycorypha bartrami Walker, found inconsistencies in song variation across the species’ range. Individuals of purported populations of A. bartrami from sandhills across the southeastern US were collected, recorded, and their genes were sequenced to better understand their population structure and evolution. Significant differences in songs, morphology, and genetics were found among populations from Alabama (AL), Georgia (GA), North Carolina (NC), and South Carolina (SC), and they differed from those of individuals collected from the type locality in Florida (FL). Males from all populations produced songs composed of a series of similar syllables, but they differed in the rates at which syllables were produced as a function of temperature. At temperatures of 25°C, the calling songs of males from populations in northern AL and GA were found to have the highest syllable rates, those from SC had the lowest rates, and those from NC were found to produce songs with doublet syllables at rates that were intermediate between those of males from FL and those of AL and GA. These song differences formed the basis for cluster analyses and principal component analyses, which showed significant clustering and differences in song spectra and morphology among the song morphs. A Bayesian multi-locus, multi-species coalescent analysis found significant divergences from a panmictic population for the song morphs. Populations from GA and AL are closely related to those of A. bartrami in FL, whereas populations from NC and SC are closely related to each other and differ from the other three. Large river systems may have been important in isolating these populations of flightless katydids. Based on the results of our analyses of songs, morphology, and genetics, three new species of round-winged katydids from the southeastern coastal plain and piedmont are described.
{"title":"Geographic variation in the calling songs and genetics of Bartram’s round-winged katydid Amblycorypha bartrami (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) reveal new species","authors":"Timothy G. Forrest, Micaela Scobie, Olivia Brueckner, Brittania Bintz, John D. Spooner","doi":"10.3897/jor.32.96295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96295","url":null,"abstract":"Previous work on Bartram’s round-winged katydid, Amblycorypha bartrami Walker, found inconsistencies in song variation across the species’ range. Individuals of purported populations of A. bartrami from sandhills across the southeastern US were collected, recorded, and their genes were sequenced to better understand their population structure and evolution. Significant differences in songs, morphology, and genetics were found among populations from Alabama (AL), Georgia (GA), North Carolina (NC), and South Carolina (SC), and they differed from those of individuals collected from the type locality in Florida (FL). Males from all populations produced songs composed of a series of similar syllables, but they differed in the rates at which syllables were produced as a function of temperature. At temperatures of 25°C, the calling songs of males from populations in northern AL and GA were found to have the highest syllable rates, those from SC had the lowest rates, and those from NC were found to produce songs with doublet syllables at rates that were intermediate between those of males from FL and those of AL and GA. These song differences formed the basis for cluster analyses and principal component analyses, which showed significant clustering and differences in song spectra and morphology among the song morphs. A Bayesian multi-locus, multi-species coalescent analysis found significant divergences from a panmictic population for the song morphs. Populations from GA and AL are closely related to those of A. bartrami in FL, whereas populations from NC and SC are closely related to each other and differ from the other three. Large river systems may have been important in isolating these populations of flightless katydids. Based on the results of our analyses of songs, morphology, and genetics, three new species of round-winged katydids from the southeastern coastal plain and piedmont are described.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bostra Stål (Phasmida, Diapheromeridae) is a junior homonym of Bostra Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). The replacement name Bostranova Villet nomen nov. is proposed for Bostra Stål, and new combinations are proposed for the species-group names currently included in that phasmid genus.
{"title":"A replacement name for Bostra Stål (Insecta, Phasmida, Diapheromeridae), a junior homonym of Bostra Walker (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyralidae)","authors":"M. Villet","doi":"10.3897/jor.32.97047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.97047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bostra\u0000 Stål (Phasmida, Diapheromeridae) is a junior homonym of Bostra Walker (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae). The replacement name Bostranova Villet nomen nov. is proposed for Bostra Stål, and new combinations are proposed for the species-group names currently included in that phasmid genus.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48118826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of adults, nymphs, and oothecae of the African giant mantis Sphodromantis viridis Forsskål is for the first time recorded on the island of Tenerife, the largest and most populated of the Canary archipelago, an autonomous Spanish community in the Atlantic Ocean. The discovery took place in a popular water park rich in non-native plants in the municipality of Costa Adeje. It is possible that anthropogenic movements, particularly the massive movement of tourists and goods that continually cross this small archipelago, aided the dispersal to the area of this mantis, which for some years has also been expanding in many areas of the Mediterranean basin. A hypothesis on the ecological impact and the possible invasiveness of this extremely adaptable species is discussed and supported by the large number of sightings of oothecae and specimens that are, fortunately, still confined within the west coast of the island.
{"title":"Alien mantids in a tropical paradise: First record of the giant mantis Sphodromantis viridis (Insecta, Mantodea) for the Canary Islands (Spain)","authors":"Antonio Fasano, Alessio De Martino","doi":"10.3897/jor.32.96183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.96183","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of adults, nymphs, and oothecae of the African giant mantis Sphodromantis viridis Forsskål is for the first time recorded on the island of Tenerife, the largest and most populated of the Canary archipelago, an autonomous Spanish community in the Atlantic Ocean. The discovery took place in a popular water park rich in non-native plants in the municipality of Costa Adeje. It is possible that anthropogenic movements, particularly the massive movement of tourists and goods that continually cross this small archipelago, aided the dispersal to the area of this mantis, which for some years has also been expanding in many areas of the Mediterranean basin. A hypothesis on the ecological impact and the possible invasiveness of this extremely adaptable species is discussed and supported by the large number of sightings of oothecae and specimens that are, fortunately, still confined within the west coast of the island.","PeriodicalId":53641,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthoptera Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44481887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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