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Statistical Analysis of Students’ Behavioral and Attendance Habits in Engineering Education 工科教育学生行为与出勤习惯的统计分析
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.4.004
Vanessa Ibáñez, Sergio Pérez, Josep Silva, Salvador Tamarit
This study aims at quantifying the relationship between the marks of students and their seating position in the classroom. The study is cross-sectional, quantitative, observational, and correlational. It analyzed data collected throughout two academic years about the students’ marks (in different terms, courses, and degrees) and about their daily seating position (so, every change was recorded) for both theory and practice lessons. The quantitative data collected in the study was statistically analyzed. The main result is that the seating position is significantly correlated with the marks in the studied context (engineering schools with classrooms with 5-66 students). Other side results show a positive influence on marks of working alone with respect to sharing the computer with a classmate; indicate where do students who give up the course usually sit, and when in the academic term do, they give up. This article provides empirical data with regards to the relation between classroom seating and academic performance in engineering schools. The results obtained quantify this relation, but they cannot determine whether it is causal, consequential, or both. This study complements other studies that correlated motivation with seating preferences.
本研究旨在量化学生的分数与他们在课堂上的座位位置之间的关系。该研究是横断面的、定量的、观察性的和相关性的。它分析了两个学年收集的数据,包括学生在理论和实践课上的分数(不同的术语、课程和学位)和他们每天的座位位置(因此,每次变化都被记录下来)。对研究中收集到的定量数据进行统计分析。研究的主要结果是,在研究的背景下(工程学校的教室有5-66名学生),座位位置与分数显著相关。另一方面的结果显示,与同学共用电脑对单独学习的分数有积极影响;说明放弃这门课程的学生通常坐在哪里,以及在学期中他们放弃了什么。本文提供了工科学校课堂座位与学习成绩之间关系的实证数据。获得的结果量化了这种关系,但它们不能确定它是因果关系,结果关系,还是两者兼而有之。这项研究补充了其他将动机与座位偏好联系起来的研究。
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引用次数: 2
Four Pedagogical Dimensions for Understanding Flipped Classroom Practices in Higher Education: A Systematic Review 理解高等教育翻转课堂实践的四个教学维度:系统回顾
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.4.002
J. Koh
Despite being widely adopted in higher education to support student-centred learning, the pedagogical design of flipped classrooms has been criticised as lacking in theoretical framing. This study proposes that the pedagogical dimensions of personalisation, higher-order thinking, self-direction, and collaboration can be used as theoretical lenses to deconstruct how flipped classroom practices support student-centred learning. Through a systematic review of 56 cases from 51 studies of flipped learning implementation published in peer-reviewed articles, this study found that flipped classrooms personalise learning through resource and teacher access, develops higher-order thinking through problemsolving, and engages students in collaborative learning through both peer groups and design groups. Trends of positive student learning outcomes are more consistent among cases that support collaborative learning and student selfdirection of learning performance review by repeated application and remediation. Nevertheless, majority of the cases reflect students having limited personalisation of learning choice and structured collaborative processes are seldom used apart from the few cases implementing team-based learning. The theoretical applications of the four pedagogical dimensions as well as the implications for the future research and practice of flipped classrooms are discussed.
尽管在高等教育中被广泛采用,以支持以学生为中心的学习,但翻转课堂的教学设计因缺乏理论框架而受到批评。本研究提出,个性化、高阶思维、自我指导和协作的教学维度可以作为理论视角来解构翻转课堂实践如何支持以学生为中心的学习。通过对发表在同行评议文章中的51项翻转学习实施研究中的56个案例进行系统回顾,本研究发现,翻转课堂通过资源和教师访问个性化学习,通过解决问题培养高阶思维,并通过同伴小组和设计小组让学生参与协作学习。在支持协作学习和学生通过重复应用和补救来自我指导学习绩效评估的案例中,学生积极学习成果的趋势更为一致。然而,除了少数实施团队学习的案例外,大多数案例反映学生的学习选择个性化有限,很少使用结构化的协作过程。讨论了四个教学维度的理论应用以及对未来翻转课堂研究和实践的启示。
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引用次数: 42
Knowledge Monitoring Calibration: Individual Differences in Sensitivity and Specificity as Predictors of Academic Achievement 知识监测校准:作为学业成绩预测因子的敏感性和特异性的个体差异
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.4.006
Francis X. Smith, C. Was
Knowledge monitoring is an important metacognitive process, which can help students improve study habits and thereby increase academic performance. Which is more useful in predicting test performance: knowing what you know, or knowing what you do not know? Two distinct constructs of knowledge monitoring calibration, sensitivity and specificity, were used along with the more traditional Goodman-Kruskal gamma correlation to predict performance on tests in an undergraduate educational psychology course. The gamma correlation provides a measure of how good one is at judging both items one knows and items one does not. Measures of sensitivity and specificity distinguish between the two. Students in an undergraduate educational psychology course completed a 50-word knowledge monitoring assessment to measure sensitivity, specificity, and gamma. These measures were then correlated with test and final exam scores in the course. It was found that sensitivity, a measure of correctly identifying known items, was the most useful in predicting overall test scores as well as final exam scores. Specificity, on the other hand, had no significant impact on exam performance. Results suggest that sensitivity and specificity may be more meaningful measures of knowledge monitoring calibration when it comes to predicting academic achievement, as well as being better adapted for missing values in any one cell of the data. Further research is recommended to determine in what other situations the measures of sensitivity and specificity may be useful. Findings presented in this study can also be used to help guide attempts to improve student metacognition and strategies.
知识监控是一个重要的元认知过程,可以帮助学生改善学习习惯,从而提高学习成绩。在预测考试成绩时,哪一个更有用:知道你知道的,还是知道你不知道的?两种不同的知识监测校准结构,敏感性和特异性,与更传统的Goodman-Kruskal伽马相关一起用于预测本科教育心理学课程的测试表现。伽马相关性提供了一种衡量一个人在判断自己知道的和不知道的事物方面的能力。灵敏度和特异度的测量将两者区分开来。在一门本科教育心理学课程中,学生们完成了一项50字的知识监测评估,以测量灵敏度、特异性和伽马值。然后将这些指标与课程的考试和期末考试成绩联系起来。研究发现,敏感度(一种正确识别已知项目的衡量标准)在预测总体考试成绩和期末考试成绩方面最有用。另一方面,特异性对考试成绩没有显著影响。结果表明,当涉及到预测学术成就时,灵敏度和特异性可能是知识监测校准的更有意义的措施,同时也能更好地适应数据中任何一个单元的缺失值。建议进一步研究,以确定在哪些其他情况下敏感性和特异性的措施可能是有用的。本研究的发现也可以用来帮助指导提高学生元认知和策略的尝试。
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引用次数: 5
How to Survive in Academia: Demands, Resources and Study Satisfaction Among Polish PhD Students 如何在学术界生存:波兰博士生的需求、资源和学习满意度
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.4.005
K. Kulikowski, Anna Potoczek, Emil Antipow, Szymon Król
There is a great deal of research showing that PhD students suffer from dissatisfaction. Whereas most studies in this field strived to identify factors negatively related to PhD students’ well-being, still little is known about factors positively related to the well-being of young academics. We based our analysis on the Job Demands-Resource Theory (JD-R), to identify study resources positively related to PhD student satisfaction. Building on the results of the survey conducted among 360 PhD students of the Jagiellonian University (Poland) we singled out seven main resources most strongly related to PhD student satisfaction. Our findings might provide initial evidence about what type of resources are worth developing to maximize PhD student well-being. These results could be of particular importance and interest for candidates who look for PhD positions and PhD students already working in different academic environments, as well as for broader academic community and higher education policymakers.
有大量的研究表明,博士生遭受不满。尽管这一领域的大多数研究都试图找出与博士生幸福感负相关的因素,但对与年轻学者幸福感正相关的因素知之甚少。本研究基于工作需求-资源理论(Job requirements - resource Theory, JD-R)进行分析,找出与博士生满意度正相关的学习资源。根据对波兰雅盖隆大学(Jagiellonian University) 360名博士生进行的调查结果,我们挑选出了与博士生满意度最密切相关的七个主要资源。我们的发现可能会提供初步证据,说明哪种类型的资源值得开发,以最大限度地提高博士生的幸福感。对于寻找博士职位的候选人和已经在不同学术环境中工作的博士生,以及更广泛的学术界和高等教育政策制定者来说,这些结果可能特别重要和感兴趣。
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引用次数: 7
Individual, Family, Peer, and School Risk Factors for Teacher Victimization 教师受害的个人、家庭、同伴和学校风险因素
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.4.001
Anna Sorrentino, D. Farrington
In recent years, bullying and cyberbullying against teachers by students have been recognized as problems affecting educators teaching in different grades. Few studies to date have addressed explanatory risk factors related to the perpetrators (students) rather than the victims (teachers) in a longitudinal design, in order to establish the possible causes of this antisocial behavior to better develop prevention and intervention programs to reduce teacher victimization. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the effect on teacher victimization of individual and interpersonal risk factors, including empathy, moral disengagement, peer and parent support, awareness of online risks, and school climate. A total o251 Italian students (aged 11-19) participated in a longitudinal study. The results showed that, for girls, high moral disengagement, low awareness of online risks and poor school climate were risk factors for later teacher victimization. For boys, high moral disengagement and low awareness of online risks were also risk factors, in addiction to low parental support and high peer support. The findings are discussed along with possible applications for prevention and intervention.
近年来,学生对教师的欺凌和网络欺凌已被认为是影响不同年级教育工作者教学的问题。迄今为止,很少有研究在纵向设计中解决与肇事者(学生)而不是受害者(教师)相关的解释性风险因素,以便确定这种反社会行为的可能原因,以便更好地制定预防和干预计划,以减少教师受害。本研究的主要目的是分析个体和人际风险因素对教师受害的影响,包括共情、道德脱离、同伴和家长支持、网络风险意识和学校氛围。共有251名意大利学生(11-19岁)参加了一项纵向研究。结果显示,对于女孩来说,道德脱离程度高、网络风险意识低和学校氛围差是后来教师受害的风险因素。对于男孩来说,高度的道德脱离和对网络风险的低意识也是风险因素,他们对父母的低支持和同伴的高支持上瘾。讨论了研究结果以及预防和干预的可能应用。
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引用次数: 8
Factors Associated with Reading Comprehension of Secondary School Students 影响中学生阅读理解能力的因素
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-10-30 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.4.003
Lin Wu, M. Valcke, H. Keer
Student’s individual, family, and teacher factors play a significant role in children’s reading development. However, the mechanisms by which these critical factors jointly contribute to children’s reading comprehension achievement are poorly understood. The present research aimed at developing a multilevel comprehensive model which shows critical correlates, involving these factors, of reading comprehension of Chinese secondary school students. A random sample of 1,322 students, nested in 27 classes, was taken from five secondary schools. The student-level variables included student’s gender, autonomous reading motivation, controlled reading motivation, metacognitive awareness of reading strategies (MARS), and household income. Class-level variables included teacher’s qualification and experience. The results indicated student’s MARS and autonomous reading motivation were the two most powerful correlates of reading comprehension among the significant variables. Furthermore, teacher’s qualification and experience moderated the strength of the relationship between MARS and reading comprehension. Implications for future research, policy making, and improvement of reading instruction are discussed.
学生的个人因素、家庭因素和教师因素对儿童的阅读发展起着重要的作用。然而,这些关键因素共同促进儿童阅读理解成就的机制却知之甚少。本研究旨在建立一个多层次的综合模型,揭示中国中学生阅读理解的关键相关因素,包括这些因素。从五所中学随机抽取了1322名学生,分布在27个班级。学生层面变量包括学生性别、自主阅读动机、控制阅读动机、阅读策略元认知意识(MARS)和家庭收入。班级水平变量包括教师的资格和经验。结果表明,学生的MARS和自主阅读动机是阅读理解的两个最重要的相关变量。此外,教师的资格和经验调节了MARS与阅读理解之间的关系强度。对未来的研究、政策制定和阅读教学改进的启示进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 10
Can Information and Communication Technology Improve College Access for All in the United States of America? 信息和通信技术能提高美国所有人上大学的机会吗?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.3.002
Sunha Kim, Mary B. Mcvee, M. Faith
In response to the increasing importance of a college education, this study investigates the college access trajectories of targeted racial and linguistic minority students and recommends ways to promote their college access. High school completers drawn from the U.S. National Center for Education Statistics were tracked for eight years, and a series of discrete-time survival analyses was conducted. The results revealed significantly lower college access rates for racial and linguistic minority students than for comparable White English-speaking students. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) access and ICT use for educational purposes were identified as potential ways to support college access for racial and linguistic minority students.
针对大学教育的重要性日益增加,本研究调查了目标种族和语言少数学生的大学入学轨迹,并提出了促进其大学入学的方法。从美国国家教育统计中心抽取的高中结业者进行了为期八年的跟踪调查,并进行了一系列离散时间生存分析。结果显示,少数种族和语言学生的大学入学率明显低于同等的白人英语学生。信息和通信技术(ICT)的获取和用于教育目的的ICT使用被确定为支持种族和语言少数学生进入大学的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Instructor’s Learning Modes on Deep Approach to Student Learning and Learning Outcomes 教师学习模式对学生深度学习方法及学习成果的影响
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.3.005
Michael Yao-Ping Peng, Chunchun Chen
The multiple characteristics of students motivate universities to provide a learning environment that integrates teaching and learning in one and to strengthen students’ learning motivation through student-oriented learning mode, so as to enhance students’ input in study. In this study, the concept of depth learning is adopted to measure students’ input in study and to explore the effectiveness of specialized learning modes and students’ learning outcomes. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse a sample of 2,340 students from 16 Taiwanese higher education institutions by structural equation modelling. The results showed that specialized learning modes (explorative and exploitative learning) could increase deep approach to learning. Explorative and exploitative learning have positive effects on learning outcomes (cognitive gains and non-cognitive gains). Deep approach to learning has significant mediating effect between learning modes and learning outcomes.
学生的多重特征促使大学提供教与学一体的学习环境,通过以学生为中心的学习模式,增强学生的学习动机,从而提高学生对学习的投入。本研究采用深度学习的概念来衡量学生的学习投入,探讨专业学习模式的有效性和学生的学习成果。因此,本研究以台湾16所高等院校2340名学生为样本,采用结构方程模型进行分析。研究结果表明,专门的学习模式(探索性学习和利用性学习)可以促进深度学习。探索性学习和剥削性学习对学习成果(认知收益和非认知收益)有积极影响。深度学习方法在学习模式与学习成果之间具有显著的中介作用。
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引用次数: 12
Academic Engagement and Learning Outcomes of the Student Experience in the Research University: Construct Validation of the Instrument 研究型大学学生体验的学术投入与学习成果:建构检验工具
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.3.004
Yunhee Bae, Sunyoung Han
The Student Experience in the Research University is an online survey instrument that serves to assess institutional functions of research universities in the U.S. and understand students’ behaviour, satisfaction, and achievement. The present study explored measurement models describing two primary domains (i.e., Academic Engagement and Self-Reported Learning Abilities), and examined the adequacy of the measurement models. Exploratory factor analysis was initially conducted to identify the number of structural components of each domain, which was followed by confirmatory factor analysis specifying a factorial structure and verifying how well the structural model fits into the collected data. Six and three factors were extracted from the academic engagement and the selfreported learning abilities domains. The structural model verified indicated that the relationships among the academic engagement and self-reported learning abilities domains and covariates such as grade point average, parental income, and education were consistent with the findings from relevant literature. The findings of the current study contribute to the understanding of student engagement in research universities in the U.S. Further, the implications for educational research and practice were discussed.
研究型大学的学生体验是一个在线调查工具,用于评估美国研究型大学的机构功能,了解学生的行为、满意度和成就。本研究探讨了描述两个主要领域(即学业投入和自我报告学习能力)的测量模型,并检验了测量模型的充分性。首先进行探索性因子分析,以确定每个领域的结构成分的数量,然后进行验证性因子分析,指定一个析因结构,并验证结构模型与收集的数据的匹配程度。从学业投入和自我报告的学习能力领域中分别提取了6个和3个因素。结构模型验证表明,学业投入与学业成绩、父母收入、教育程度等自报告学习能力域和协变量之间的关系与相关文献的研究结果一致。本研究的结果有助于理解美国研究型大学的学生参与,并进一步讨论了对教育研究和实践的影响。
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引用次数: 12
Media Competence in Spanish Secondary School Students. Assessing Instrumental and Critical Thinking Skills in Digital Contexts 西班牙中学生的媒体能力。评估数字环境中的工具性和批判性思维技能
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.12738/estp.2019.3.003
Amor Pérez-Rodríguez, Águeda Delgado-Ponce, Pilar Marín-Mateos, Luis M. Romero-Rodríguez
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引用次数: 19
期刊
Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice
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