The Vernaricum is the highest partial unit belonging to the Hronic nappe system of the Internal Western Carpathians. The stratigraphic range of the Vernaricum sediments is from the Lower Triassic to the Lower Jurassic. The Permian rhyolites and volcaniclastics are tectonically incorporated into the Lower Triassic sediments. The Vernaricum overlies tectonic units of the Northern Veporicum, Fatricum, lower partial nappes of Hronicum and Southern Veporicum. The Gemeric, Meliatic and Silicic rock complexes are located in the tectonic overburden. The paleogeographic position of the Vernaricum is interpreted between the Veporic and Gemeric zones.
{"title":"Vernaricum ‒ regional distribution, lithostratigraphy, tectonics and paleogeography","authors":"J. Hók, M. Olšavský","doi":"10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Vernaricum is the highest partial unit belonging to the Hronic nappe system of the Internal Western Carpathians. The stratigraphic range of the Vernaricum sediments is from the Lower Triassic to the Lower Jurassic. The Permian rhyolites and volcaniclastics are tectonically incorporated into the Lower Triassic sediments. The Vernaricum overlies tectonic units of the Northern Veporicum, Fatricum, lower partial nappes of Hronicum and Southern Veporicum. The Gemeric, Meliatic and Silicic rock complexes are located in the tectonic overburden. The paleogeographic position of the Vernaricum is interpreted between the Veporic and Gemeric zones.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47257937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A catchment-scale method for estimation of specific yield (Sy) in the zone of groundwater level fluctuation is proposed. It is applicable to hilly watersheds, where deep groundwater discharge – not drained by local streams as baseflow – is small and can be neglected. Therefore, it is mostly employable for bedrock flow systems, dominated by shallow unconfined fractured rock aquifers. Method provides an estimate of specific yield (Sy) by combined analysis of streamflow recession, storage/runoff relationship and groundwater level fluctuation (Q-S-H). For groundwater storage (S) values evaluation, river discharge (Q) master recession curves are constructed and interpreted. The method produces as more reliable results as number of groundwater level observation sites increases. As example, it is demonstrated at the Levočský potok Brook watershed (Western Carpathians, Slovakia), built by fracture porosity dominated Paleogene sediments. Estimated characteristic Sy value is from the interval 0.001–0.002 and 0.002–0.005 for low and medium storage/runoff conditions – or bottom and middle part of GWL fluctuation zone – respectively.
{"title":"Estimation of specific yield in bedrock near-surface zone of hilly watersheds by examining the relationship between base runoff, storage and groundwater level","authors":"Peter Bajtoš, P. Malík, R. Černák","doi":"10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"A catchment-scale method for estimation of specific yield (Sy) in the zone of groundwater level fluctuation is proposed. It is applicable to hilly watersheds, where deep groundwater discharge – not drained by local streams as baseflow – is small and can be neglected. Therefore, it is mostly employable for bedrock flow systems, dominated by shallow unconfined fractured rock aquifers. Method provides an estimate of specific yield (Sy) by combined analysis of streamflow recession, storage/runoff relationship and groundwater level fluctuation (Q-S-H). For groundwater storage (S) values evaluation, river discharge (Q) master recession curves are constructed and interpreted. The method produces as more reliable results as number of groundwater level observation sites increases. As example, it is demonstrated at the Levočský potok Brook watershed (Western Carpathians, Slovakia), built by fracture porosity dominated Paleogene sediments. Estimated characteristic Sy value is from the interval 0.001–0.002 and 0.002–0.005 for low and medium storage/runoff conditions – or bottom and middle part of GWL fluctuation zone – respectively.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46564135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Brehov ore deposit, near the village of Brehov, is located in the East Slovakian Basin 15 km south-east of the Trebišov town. A progressive development of Middle Badenian to Middle Sarmatian sedimentation and volcanism in the Brehov hydrothermally mineralized area is manifested in the article. The volcanogenic, stratabound, polymetallic (Zn, Pb, Cu) and gold sulphide deposit within the Brehov–Sirník interpreted resurgent caldera occurs in the volcanosedimentary sequence. Mineralization in the deposit, consisting of the fine-grained aggregate of sulphides, is interpreted to be of shallow water origin. It is placed mostly in the rhyodacite volcaniclastics and partly in calcareous claystone, altered and brecciated. Three types of ores – the stringer (keiko), yellow and black ore – were distinguished near the Brehov village on the basis of ore composition, being formed by successive mineralization stages. The stringer ore, consisting of the sulphide minerals, dominates in the quartz-dioritic (siliceous) rocks. The yellow ore is represented primarily by pyrite, but contains also minor chalcopyrite and quartz. The black ore is an intimate mixture of sphalerite, galena, sometimes barite and minor pyrite and chalcopyrite. Tetrahedrite and marcasite occur sporadically. The ore in all cases is fine-grained. The ore bodies are almost everywhere enclosed by clay, composed of montmorillonite, sericite and chlorite. The ore bearing fluids were probably colloids of hydrothermal origin. Textures are considered to indicate that the colloids replaced the country rocks, rather than merely filled open spaces in the rhyodacite pyroclastics and epiclastics. Despite the precious metals (mostly gold) are economically important commodity in many Kuroko type deposits, in the Brehov ore deposit they occur in volumetrically minor amounts. Visible gold is present as inclusions of native gold in major sulphide minerals, whereas silver occurs in Ag-sulphides and sulphosalts, e.g. tetrahedrite and ferberite.
{"title":"The Brehov volcanogenic and stratabound base metal and gold deposit (Eastern Slovakia): Position and genetic relations in the Internal Carpathian–Alpine Cenozoic metallogenetic belt","authors":"Zoltán Bacsó","doi":"10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Brehov ore deposit, near the village of Brehov, is located in the East Slovakian Basin 15 km south-east of the Trebišov town. A progressive development of Middle Badenian to Middle Sarmatian sedimentation and volcanism in the Brehov hydrothermally mineralized area is manifested in the article. The volcanogenic, stratabound, polymetallic (Zn, Pb, Cu) and gold sulphide deposit within the Brehov–Sirník interpreted resurgent caldera occurs in the volcanosedimentary sequence. Mineralization in the deposit, consisting of the fine-grained aggregate of sulphides, is interpreted to be of shallow water origin. It is placed mostly in the rhyodacite volcaniclastics and partly in calcareous claystone, altered and brecciated. Three types of ores – the stringer (keiko), yellow and black ore – were distinguished near the Brehov village on the basis of ore composition, being formed by successive mineralization stages. The stringer ore, consisting of the sulphide minerals, dominates in the quartz-dioritic (siliceous) rocks. The yellow ore is represented primarily by pyrite, but contains also minor chalcopyrite and quartz. The black ore is an intimate mixture of sphalerite, galena, sometimes barite and minor pyrite and chalcopyrite. Tetrahedrite and marcasite occur sporadically. The ore in all cases is fine-grained. The ore bodies are almost everywhere enclosed by clay, composed of montmorillonite, sericite and chlorite. The ore bearing fluids were probably colloids of hydrothermal origin. Textures are considered to indicate that the colloids replaced the country rocks, rather than merely filled open spaces in the rhyodacite pyroclastics and epiclastics. Despite the precious metals (mostly gold) are economically important commodity in many Kuroko type deposits, in the Brehov ore deposit they occur in volumetrically minor amounts. Visible gold is present as inclusions of native gold in major sulphide minerals, whereas silver occurs in Ag-sulphides and sulphosalts, e.g. tetrahedrite and ferberite.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43318477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard Kopáčik, Š. Ferenc, T. Mikuš, Šimon Budzák, Juraj Butek, Eva Hoppanová
The studied mineralization is located on the eastern slopes of Lopejské Čelno valley, south of the Lopej village (cadastral area of Podbrezová village, Central Slovakia). The U occurrence was described and classified as U-Cu stratiform mineralization. The mineralization is located in the Ľubietová Zone of Veporic Unit, and is bound to the arkosic sandstones containing Permian volcanoclastic material. The host rock of mineralization underwent low-grade metamorphism and limonitization. Lens shaped ore bodies are characterized by disseminated pyrite, rutile, chalcopyrite, leucoxene and metatorbernite. Small cavities and cracks in rock are also filled and/or coated by goethite, Mn oxides and malachite. Uranium is irregularly distributed within the host rock and is bound to the U-Ti oxides, brannerite and torbernite/metatorbernite. Brannerite and leucoxenized U-Ti oxides are the only one primary uranium U4+ minerals, for the first time identified in studied occurrence. Brannerite forms clusters of needle-like crystals (up to 100 μm in size). It occurs in close spatial and genetic association with U-Ti oxides, rutile, leucoxene and clay minerals. Chemical composition of brannerite and U-Ti oxides differs in ratio of U/(U + Ti): from 0.22 to 0.29 apfu for brannerite and from 0.09 to 0.22 apfu for U-Ti oxides. Metatorbernite forms light green crystals, typically occurs in small cavities and fractures in rock. It shows an unusual light green luminescence under UV radiation. The average chemical composition of metatorbernite can be expressed by empiric formula (Cu0.75Ba0.06Ca0.03K0.04Al0.02Mg0.01Fe0.01)Σ0.94 (UO2)Σ2.00 (PO4)Σ2.01 (H2O)8. Occasionally torbernite/metatorbernite directly replaces single crystals of apatite.
{"title":"Stratiform U-Cu mineralization in the Lopejské Čelno valley near Podbrezová (Veporic Unit, Western Carpathians)","authors":"Richard Kopáčik, Š. Ferenc, T. Mikuš, Šimon Budzák, Juraj Butek, Eva Hoppanová","doi":"10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The studied mineralization is located on the eastern slopes of Lopejské Čelno valley, south of the Lopej village (cadastral area of Podbrezová village, Central Slovakia). The U occurrence was described and classified as U-Cu stratiform mineralization. The mineralization is located in the Ľubietová Zone of Veporic Unit, and is bound to the arkosic sandstones containing Permian volcanoclastic material. The host rock of mineralization underwent low-grade metamorphism and limonitization. Lens shaped ore bodies are characterized by disseminated pyrite, rutile, chalcopyrite, leucoxene and metatorbernite. Small cavities and cracks in rock are also filled and/or coated by goethite, Mn oxides and malachite. Uranium is irregularly distributed within the host rock and is bound to the U-Ti oxides, brannerite and torbernite/metatorbernite. Brannerite and leucoxenized U-Ti oxides are the only one primary uranium U4+ minerals, for the first time identified in studied occurrence. Brannerite forms clusters of needle-like crystals (up to 100 μm in size). It occurs in close spatial and genetic association with U-Ti oxides, rutile, leucoxene and clay minerals. Chemical composition of brannerite and U-Ti oxides differs in ratio of U/(U + Ti): from 0.22 to 0.29 apfu for brannerite and from 0.09 to 0.22 apfu for U-Ti oxides. Metatorbernite forms light green crystals, typically occurs in small cavities and fractures in rock. It shows an unusual light green luminescence under UV radiation. The average chemical composition of metatorbernite can be expressed by empiric formula (Cu0.75Ba0.06Ca0.03K0.04Al0.02Mg0.01Fe0.01)Σ0.94 (UO2)Σ2.00 (PO4)Σ2.01 (H2O)8. Occasionally torbernite/metatorbernite directly replaces single crystals of apatite.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48956678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Danková, A. Bekényiová, Katarína Čechovská, E. Fedorová, Zuzana Kollová, P. Bačo, Jarmila Nováková, T. Zacher, Valéria Kandríková, Emília Fabinyová, J. Briančin
Metallic magnesium has been included in the list of Critical Mineral Raw Materials (CRM) for European Union countries since 2010. The territory of the Slovak Republic has large reserves of mineral raw materials – magnesite and dolomite, which are the initial source of metal Mg. For technological research, the following raw materials (based on chemical analyses of samples) were chosen: dolomite ore from the Sedlice deposit (SED-1), Trebejov deposit (TR-1) and dolomite ore from the Kraľovany deposit (KRA-1). The second deposit is also located near the operation of a potential customer of laboratory results for the production of metal magnesium, OFZ a.s. The aim of the laboratory technological research was to determine the experimental conditions for obtaining suitable Mg intermediates for metal magnesium preparation. For this purpose, there were performed DTA/TG and XRD analyses to study its behaviour, total mass loss and amount of carbon dioxide after calcination process. By optimizing the annealing tests of dolomite, products were obtained that met two conditions for its subsequent use in the sillicothermal process, namely the molecular ratio of CaO/MgO, content of impurities and the content of CO2. The optimization of calcination and repeated annealing pointed at the suitable conditions of dolomite raw sample processing (temperature of 1 050 °C for 2.5 hours, or 1 100 °C for 2 hours).
{"title":"Laboratory technological research of magnesium intermediates preparation from the dolomites raw materials suitable for magnesium metal production","authors":"Z. Danková, A. Bekényiová, Katarína Čechovská, E. Fedorová, Zuzana Kollová, P. Bačo, Jarmila Nováková, T. Zacher, Valéria Kandríková, Emília Fabinyová, J. Briančin","doi":"10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic magnesium has been included in the list of Critical Mineral Raw Materials (CRM) for European Union countries since 2010. The territory of the Slovak Republic has large reserves of mineral raw materials – magnesite and dolomite, which are the initial source of metal Mg. For technological research, the following raw materials (based on chemical analyses of samples) were chosen: dolomite ore from the Sedlice deposit (SED-1), Trebejov deposit (TR-1) and dolomite ore from the Kraľovany deposit (KRA-1). The second deposit is also located near the operation of a potential customer of laboratory results for the production of metal magnesium, OFZ a.s. The aim of the laboratory technological research was to determine the experimental conditions for obtaining suitable Mg intermediates for metal magnesium preparation. For this purpose, there were performed DTA/TG and XRD analyses to study its behaviour, total mass loss and amount of carbon dioxide after calcination process. By optimizing the annealing tests of dolomite, products were obtained that met two conditions for its subsequent use in the sillicothermal process, namely the molecular ratio of CaO/MgO, content of impurities and the content of CO2. The optimization of calcination and repeated annealing pointed at the suitable conditions of dolomite raw sample processing (temperature of 1 050 °C for 2.5 hours, or 1 100 °C for 2 hours).","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44935265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
New results of field research, as well as petrographical and geochronological studies are presented in the form of a geological map, tectonostratigraphic scheme and new magmatic age data of monazite crystallization from the rhyolite body located on SW slopes of the Veľká Stožka Massif, Dudlavka Valley (Muráň Plateau). The rhyolite bodies in the Veľká Stožka area are tectonically incorporated into the Lower Triassic formations at the base of the Muráň nappe. The electron microprobe dating of monazites yields magmatic / volcanic age 281 ± 4.5 Ma (Artinskian – Kungurian), which complements geochronological data from the same rhyolite body below the Veľká Stožka Massif, as well as other rhyolite bodies from Telgárt, Poniky and Tisovec, which, originally erupted in a Permian volcanically active fault zone (VAFZ) geodynamical setting. The comparison of geochronological data 281 ± 4.5 Ma and 269.5 ± 1.8 Ma from the studied locality suggest a geodynamic evolution, where not only one, but several separate volcanic eruption phases acted in the original domain of rhyolitic volcanism. The geochronological correlation of the rhyolite bodies in the Upper Hron Valley, active in time span 281–263 Ma, allowed to identify a volcanic hiatus between 280–271 Ma. Such eruptional pause correlates very well with other volcanic provinces such as Harnobis volcanogenic horizon of the North Veporic realm, the Petrova hora and Novoveská Huta Fm. of the Northern Gemericum, which erupted during hiatus of VAFZ and their activities have ended in during recovering rhyolite eruptions in VAFZ. Reactivation of rhyolitic volcanic activity in VAFZ 271–263 Ma is a result of paleostress reorganisation in Pangea lithosphere. The revealed paleovolcanic relationships highlight interconnection of paleotectonic and paleovolcanic events in the known paleotectonic units of Internal Western Carpathians during Permian.
{"title":"Electron microprobe dating of monazites from rhyolites of the Veľká Stožka Massif (Muráň nappe, Western Carpathians) – implications for the Permian volcanic evolution in Internal Western Carpathians","authors":"R. Demko, B. Kronome, M. Olšavský, O. Pelech","doi":"10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2023.55.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"New results of field research, as well as petrographical and geochronological studies are presented in the form of a geological map, tectonostratigraphic scheme and new magmatic age data of monazite crystallization from the rhyolite body located on SW slopes of the Veľká Stožka Massif, Dudlavka Valley (Muráň Plateau). The rhyolite bodies in the Veľká Stožka area are tectonically incorporated into the Lower Triassic formations at the base of the Muráň nappe. The electron microprobe dating of monazites yields magmatic / volcanic age 281 ± 4.5 Ma (Artinskian – Kungurian), which complements geochronological data from the same rhyolite body below the Veľká Stožka Massif, as well as other rhyolite bodies from Telgárt, Poniky and Tisovec, which, originally erupted in a Permian volcanically active fault zone (VAFZ) geodynamical setting. The comparison of geochronological data 281 ± 4.5 Ma and 269.5 ± 1.8 Ma from the studied locality suggest a geodynamic evolution, where not only one, but several separate volcanic eruption phases acted in the original domain of rhyolitic volcanism. The geochronological correlation of the rhyolite bodies in the Upper Hron Valley, active in time span 281–263 Ma, allowed to identify a volcanic hiatus between 280–271 Ma. Such eruptional pause correlates very well with other volcanic provinces such as Harnobis volcanogenic horizon of the North Veporic realm, the Petrova hora and Novoveská Huta Fm. of the Northern Gemericum, which erupted during hiatus of VAFZ and their activities have ended in during recovering rhyolite eruptions in VAFZ. Reactivation of rhyolitic volcanic activity in VAFZ 271–263 Ma is a result of paleostress reorganisation in Pangea lithosphere. The revealed paleovolcanic relationships highlight interconnection of paleotectonic and paleovolcanic events in the known paleotectonic units of Internal Western Carpathians during Permian.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43865313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seasonal hydrochemical regime of water flowing out of the Rochus Fe-Cu mine in the Spiš-Gemer Ore Mts. was monitored by discharge measurements and laboratory analyses of mine water chemical composition. Regression analysis of these data showed a statistically significant dependence of concentration of many important chemical elements on mine water discharge. The obtained data made it possible to better understand the processes of mine water chemical composition genesis, as well as to determine in more detail the degree of its environmental impact. Geochemical calculations and forward geochemical modelling suggest that chemical composition of mine water is formed in three stages. First phase takes place in the aeration zone of the mine, where ankerite dissolution, intensified by pyrite oxidation, dominates. In saturated zone of the mine, ankerite dissolution is probably controlled by CO2 input in open carbonate system. These two main geochemical processes take place permanently and at the time of low flow conditions they lead to relatively stable composition of water outflowing from mine. In time of higher flow conditions, concentration of SO4, Mg, Ca, Na and As significantly increases, probably as a consequence of mixing with stagnant water from deeper or hydraulically more isolated parts of the flooded mine. Water flowing out from mine enters the Rudniansky potok creek and contaminates it mainly by manganese. The limit for Mn content in surface water is exceeded here at the time of low flow conditions – usually for 180 days a year. Anomalous concentrations of SO4, Mg, As and Sb in mine water are sufficiently diluted in stream water were they do not exceed environmental limits.
{"title":"Use of analysis of seasonal hydrochemical regime for better understanding of mine water genesis and more accurate estimate of its impact on stream water quality at flooded Rudňany ore mine","authors":"Peter Bajtoš","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal hydrochemical regime of water flowing out of the Rochus Fe-Cu mine in the Spiš-Gemer Ore Mts. was monitored by discharge measurements and laboratory analyses of mine water chemical composition. Regression analysis of these data showed a statistically significant dependence of concentration of many important chemical elements on mine water discharge. The obtained data made it possible to better understand the processes of mine water chemical composition genesis, as well as to determine in more detail the degree of its environmental impact. Geochemical calculations and forward geochemical modelling suggest that chemical composition of mine water is formed in three stages. First phase takes place in the aeration zone of the mine, where ankerite dissolution, intensified by pyrite oxidation, dominates. In saturated zone of the mine, ankerite dissolution is probably controlled by CO2 input in open carbonate system. These two main geochemical processes take place permanently and at the time of low flow conditions they lead to relatively stable composition of water outflowing from mine. In time of higher flow conditions, concentration of SO4, Mg, Ca, Na and As significantly increases, probably as a consequence of mixing with stagnant water from deeper or hydraulically more isolated parts of the flooded mine. Water flowing out from mine enters the Rudniansky potok creek and contaminates it mainly by manganese. The limit for Mn content in surface water is exceeded here at the time of low flow conditions – usually for 180 days a year. Anomalous concentrations of SO4, Mg, As and Sb in mine water are sufficiently diluted in stream water were they do not exceed environmental limits.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43935362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Phu, Le Canh Tuan, Nguyen Ly Ngoc Thao, Nuynh Thi Ngoc Han
The Groundwater Quality of Tay Ninh province was studied applying monitoring of 24 wells from 2016 to 2019. Based on this research there were determined 8 sites with very bad water quality, mostly due to the low pH index, high iron and ammonium contents. The remaining 16 wells preserve very good water quality. To determine the relationship between Groundwater Quality and peat deposits, the authors studied the map of these deposits in Tay Ninh province and compared it with monitoring points. The results show source of pollution mainly related to peat deposits and human activity. Due to the sustainable development, Tay Ninh province needs planning and the reasonable exploitation of the groundwater in the next 30–50 years, as well as the water resources partition and their management in each district.
{"title":"Relation of groundwater quality and peat deposits in Tay Ninh province, Vietnam","authors":"H. Phu, Le Canh Tuan, Nguyen Ly Ngoc Thao, Nuynh Thi Ngoc Han","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Groundwater Quality of Tay Ninh province was studied applying monitoring of 24 wells from 2016 to 2019. Based on this research there were determined 8 sites with very bad water quality, mostly due to the low pH index, high iron and ammonium contents. The remaining 16 wells preserve very good water quality. To determine the relationship between Groundwater Quality and peat deposits, the authors studied the map of these deposits in Tay Ninh province and compared it with monitoring points. The results show source of pollution mainly related to peat deposits and human activity. Due to the sustainable development, Tay Ninh province needs planning and the reasonable exploitation of the groundwater in the next 30–50 years, as well as the water resources partition and their management in each district.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44593497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Věra Valovičová, S. Dolinská, L. Vaculíková, E. Plevová, I. Znamenáčková, Z. Danková
Detailed structural characterization of clay minerals contributes to a better understanding of their behavior and physico-chemical properties, making it possible to fully exploit their potential for polymer-clay nanocomposite preparation and their future industrial applications. The object of this study was to characterize fine-grained fractions of four montmorillonite samples and compare them with untreated montmorillonite. The gained results confirmed that fine montmorillonite fractions would be more appropriate precursors for successive preparing of composite materials with sorption property enhancement, useable for environmental remediation.
{"title":"Characterization of fine-grained montmorillonite fractions for preparing polymer-clay nanocomposites","authors":"Věra Valovičová, S. Dolinská, L. Vaculíková, E. Plevová, I. Znamenáčková, Z. Danková","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Detailed structural characterization of clay minerals contributes to a better understanding of their behavior and physico-chemical properties, making it possible to fully exploit their potential for polymer-clay nanocomposite preparation and their future industrial applications. The object of this study was to characterize fine-grained fractions of four montmorillonite samples and compare them with untreated montmorillonite. The gained results confirmed that fine montmorillonite fractions would be more appropriate precursors for successive preparing of composite materials with sorption property enhancement, useable for environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70827943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romeo Eftimi, Guxim Basha, Ibrahim Tafilaj, Xhavit Sheganaku
The organized hydrogeological investigations in Albania started in 1959, while general hydrogeological prospecting started there in 1963 and finished in 1974. One of the hydrogeological prospecting main goals was the compilation of the hydrogeological map of Albania at a scale of 1:200,000. Hydrogeological maps may differ in content, representation, scale and format, but two main types of these maps are principal: general and/or special hydrogeological maps. The aforementioned map was published in 1985 following principles for general hydrogeological maps as defined in 1970 by IAH/UNESCO, which were subsequently adopted, but also further developed. The areal colours show hydrogeological classification of rocks and the basic elements shown on the map are hydrogeological units. Geological pattern forms the map background, while lithologic units are differed by green colour hatches. Different aquifers and hydrogeological structures identified during the investigations are also shown here, together with important water supply areas of productive drillings and springs. Groundwater quality, thermal springs, seawater intrusion areas and the relation between surface and groundwater can also be recognized. The map published in 1985 can be successfully used until nowadays, not only for the planning purposes, but also as a helping tool in many practical problems of the groundwater use solutions.
{"title":"Hydrogeological map of Albania at a scale of 1:200,000, principles of compilation and content – a document of Albanian pioneering hydrogeological research since the 1960s","authors":"Romeo Eftimi, Guxim Basha, Ibrahim Tafilaj, Xhavit Sheganaku","doi":"10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56623/ms.2022.54.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The organized hydrogeological investigations in Albania started in 1959, while general hydrogeological prospecting started there in 1963 and finished in 1974. One of the hydrogeological prospecting main goals was the compilation of the hydrogeological map of Albania at a scale of 1:200,000. Hydrogeological maps may differ in content, representation, scale and format, but two main types of these maps are principal: general and/or special hydrogeological maps. The aforementioned map was published in 1985 following principles for general hydrogeological maps as defined in 1970 by IAH/UNESCO, which were subsequently adopted, but also further developed. The areal colours show hydrogeological classification of rocks and the basic elements shown on the map are hydrogeological units. Geological pattern forms the map background, while lithologic units are differed by green colour hatches. Different aquifers and hydrogeological structures identified during the investigations are also shown here, together with important water supply areas of productive drillings and springs. Groundwater quality, thermal springs, seawater intrusion areas and the relation between surface and groundwater can also be recognized. The map published in 1985 can be successfully used until nowadays, not only for the planning purposes, but also as a helping tool in many practical problems of the groundwater use solutions.","PeriodicalId":53671,"journal":{"name":"Mineralia Slovaca","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46928987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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