Abstract Ranibari Community Forest (RCF) is the important forest patch present within the highly urbanized Kathmandu Valley with information gaps on soil fauna. This study aimed to explore the soil meso and macrofauna of the forest. Fourteen random quadrats (1 × 1 m2) were laid within seven blocks. Leaf litter samples and soil cores were collected, screened, sieved, and searched under a white sheet, once a fortnight from May to November 2019. The results showed that the diversity, abundance, and richness of soil fauna were the highest in the summer season (H´ = 2.897, abundance = 1,973, S = 84) dominated by Collembola. The Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS-ar) value was also found to be the highest in summer (QBS-ar = 417) and successively decreased in succeeding seasons. Soil fauna was diverse and evenly distributed in soil layers throughout the seasons, but the abundance was greater in leaf litters, particularly in summer. Fauna like Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Haplotaxida, and Isopoda were seen to be affected negatively by soil temperature in summer and autumn seasons. Soil moisture content was found to be positively correlated with immature insects, earthworms, and millipedes in the rainy and autumn seasons. Besides, the pH of the soil was seen to affect Diplura only in the autumn season. The relation of fauna with the physicochemical parameters (temperature, moisture, and pH) and also with other taxa showed their ecological roles and adaptation to a specific microclimate.
{"title":"Soil Fauna of Ranibari Community Forest, Kathmandu, Nepal","authors":"P. Shrestha, P. Budha","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ranibari Community Forest (RCF) is the important forest patch present within the highly urbanized Kathmandu Valley with information gaps on soil fauna. This study aimed to explore the soil meso and macrofauna of the forest. Fourteen random quadrats (1 × 1 m2) were laid within seven blocks. Leaf litter samples and soil cores were collected, screened, sieved, and searched under a white sheet, once a fortnight from May to November 2019. The results showed that the diversity, abundance, and richness of soil fauna were the highest in the summer season (H´ = 2.897, abundance = 1,973, S = 84) dominated by Collembola. The Soil Biological Quality Index (QBS-ar) value was also found to be the highest in summer (QBS-ar = 417) and successively decreased in succeeding seasons. Soil fauna was diverse and evenly distributed in soil layers throughout the seasons, but the abundance was greater in leaf litters, particularly in summer. Fauna like Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Haplotaxida, and Isopoda were seen to be affected negatively by soil temperature in summer and autumn seasons. Soil moisture content was found to be positively correlated with immature insects, earthworms, and millipedes in the rainy and autumn seasons. Besides, the pH of the soil was seen to affect Diplura only in the autumn season. The relation of fauna with the physicochemical parameters (temperature, moisture, and pH) and also with other taxa showed their ecological roles and adaptation to a specific microclimate.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"17 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This work concerns the inventory of invertebrates in the apple tree plot of Dorset golden variety in Tizi-Ouzou area by using four methods of trapping (Barber traps, coloured traps, sweep net and butterflies net) during the study period from July 2015 until June 2016. This study allowed us to collect 214 species belonging to 96 families, 18 orders and five classes of invertebrates. Ecological indices make it possible to account for the qualitative and quantitative diversity of invertebrates present in the environment. The objective of this inventory is to identify potential predators and parasites of infested pests to apple tree cultivation by emphasising on the different trophic regimes of species.
{"title":"Invertebrates Investigation in Apple Orchard, Dorset Golden Variety, in Tizi-Ouzou Region of North Algeria","authors":"D. Guermah, F. Medjdoub-Bensaad, L. Lakabi","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work concerns the inventory of invertebrates in the apple tree plot of Dorset golden variety in Tizi-Ouzou area by using four methods of trapping (Barber traps, coloured traps, sweep net and butterflies net) during the study period from July 2015 until June 2016. This study allowed us to collect 214 species belonging to 96 families, 18 orders and five classes of invertebrates. Ecological indices make it possible to account for the qualitative and quantitative diversity of invertebrates present in the environment. The objective of this inventory is to identify potential predators and parasites of infested pests to apple tree cultivation by emphasising on the different trophic regimes of species.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"35 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46523343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Bykova, S. Gashev, N. Sorokina, Galina Tursumbekova
Abstract The article provides a survey of the mammalian fauna and ecology in different habitats across the city of Tashkent that vary in the degree of urbanization. The current mammalian fauna of Tashkent is represented by 32 species; during the city’s development, 9 species have disappeared from the place, either through an anthropogenic impact or having been forced out by alien species. The urban mammalian fauna has increased through arrival of five new invasive species. With the ongoing urbanization, the species diversity of small-sized mammals is decreasing, while their numbers are growing, resulting in simplification of the structure of small mammals’ urban communities and lowering of their biodiversity. The urbanization does not impact the age and sex structure of the house mouse population noticeably. The urban population shows a productivity 1.7 times higher than the wild populations, which is a compensatory response to the relatively high embryonic mortality that is almost totally absent in natural populations. Differences in the morphophysiological indicators of the house mouse synanthropic population and those of populations in the wild are an adaptive response to anthropogenic impact, which appears in the form of more rapid growth, a higher metabolism, exchange of energies, and overall stress load on the rodents in urban biocoenoses. The study showed that the skulls of urban animals grow more rapidly than those of wild mice, while their proportions change following the development pattern of juvenile mice, which suggests that individuals from the Tashkent population can be referred to as rapidly growing animals, with outdoor individuals showing greater relative cranial parameters.
{"title":"The Influence of Urbanization on Mammal Diversity and their Population Patterns: A Case Study of Tashkent, Uzbekistan","authors":"E. Bykova, S. Gashev, N. Sorokina, Galina Tursumbekova","doi":"10.2478/eko-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article provides a survey of the mammalian fauna and ecology in different habitats across the city of Tashkent that vary in the degree of urbanization. The current mammalian fauna of Tashkent is represented by 32 species; during the city’s development, 9 species have disappeared from the place, either through an anthropogenic impact or having been forced out by alien species. The urban mammalian fauna has increased through arrival of five new invasive species. With the ongoing urbanization, the species diversity of small-sized mammals is decreasing, while their numbers are growing, resulting in simplification of the structure of small mammals’ urban communities and lowering of their biodiversity. The urbanization does not impact the age and sex structure of the house mouse population noticeably. The urban population shows a productivity 1.7 times higher than the wild populations, which is a compensatory response to the relatively high embryonic mortality that is almost totally absent in natural populations. Differences in the morphophysiological indicators of the house mouse synanthropic population and those of populations in the wild are an adaptive response to anthropogenic impact, which appears in the form of more rapid growth, a higher metabolism, exchange of energies, and overall stress load on the rodents in urban biocoenoses. The study showed that the skulls of urban animals grow more rapidly than those of wild mice, while their proportions change following the development pattern of juvenile mice, which suggests that individuals from the Tashkent population can be referred to as rapidly growing animals, with outdoor individuals showing greater relative cranial parameters.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"41 1","pages":"57 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44031214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.4208
Yuliana Syahputri, Diah Purwati, S. Sutanto, A. Taufiq
One of the toxic anions such as cyanide (CN-) has a negative impact on living things. Pyrazoline derivatives can be complexed with transition metals and used as CN- ion fluorosensor, because pyrazoline derivatives have fluorescence properties. This study aims to synthesize of CN- ion chemosensors based on pyrazoline derivative namely para-di-2-(1-phenyl-3-pyridyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)benzene with Cu metal. The resulting complex compounds were characterized using Spectrophotometer Infra Red (FTIR), Spectrophotometer UV-Visible, and Spectrofluorometer. Then, a complex compound chemosensor (fluorosensor) study of Cu2+ was carried out with the addition of CN- ions using a spectrofluorometer. The results showed that the synthesis of complex compound Cu2+ was successfully carried out and a brown precipitate was obtained with a yield of 43% with a melting point of 243.3°C. Based on the results of characterization by FTIR (cm-1) generates 3400 (Amine), 2920.88-2852.42 (C-H pyridine), 2360.38 (C=N), 1594.50-1490.39 (C=C aromatic), 1233.67-1021.17 (C-N), 982.66 (Cu-O), 348.00 (Cu-N), and 320-280 (Cu-Cl). The results of the spectroscopy UV-Visible analysis Cu2+ complex compounds at a concentration of 5x10-5 M obtained two absorption peaks, 242 nm and 306 nm. The result of the spectrofluorometer analysis of Cu2+ complex compound were 1516 a.u at a wavelength of 502 nm. The results of the chemosensor (fluorosensor) studies of the Cu2+ complex compound with the addition of CN- ions can be used as a turn on-off type fluorosensor.
{"title":"SINTESIS KEMOSENSOR ION CN- BERBASIS TURUNAN PIRAZOLIN DENGAN LOGAM Cu","authors":"Yuliana Syahputri, Diah Purwati, S. Sutanto, A. Taufiq","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.4208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.4208","url":null,"abstract":"One of the toxic anions such as cyanide (CN-) has a negative impact on living things. Pyrazoline derivatives can be complexed with transition metals and used as CN- ion fluorosensor, because pyrazoline derivatives have fluorescence properties. This study aims to synthesize of CN- ion chemosensors based on pyrazoline derivative namely para-di-2-(1-phenyl-3-pyridyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)benzene with Cu metal. The resulting complex compounds were characterized using Spectrophotometer Infra Red (FTIR), Spectrophotometer UV-Visible, and Spectrofluorometer. Then, a complex compound chemosensor (fluorosensor) study of Cu2+ was carried out with the addition of CN- ions using a spectrofluorometer. The results showed that the synthesis of complex compound Cu2+ was successfully carried out and a brown precipitate was obtained with a yield of 43% with a melting point of 243.3°C. Based on the results of characterization by FTIR (cm-1) generates 3400 (Amine), 2920.88-2852.42 (C-H pyridine), 2360.38 (C=N), 1594.50-1490.39 (C=C aromatic), 1233.67-1021.17 (C-N), 982.66 (Cu-O), 348.00 (Cu-N), and 320-280 (Cu-Cl). The results of the spectroscopy UV-Visible analysis Cu2+ complex compounds at a concentration of 5x10-5 M obtained two absorption peaks, 242 nm and 306 nm. The result of the spectrofluorometer analysis of Cu2+ complex compound were 1516 a.u at a wavelength of 502 nm. The results of the chemosensor (fluorosensor) studies of the Cu2+ complex compound with the addition of CN- ions can be used as a turn on-off type fluorosensor.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78848051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mustard production in indonesia from 2017 to 2019 had been decreasing year by year, while market demanded for vegetable production had increased. On the other handed, shallot production in 2017 to 2019 increased, resulting in an abundance of shallot waste. Natural resources in the form of organic materials and organic waste that exist around farmers and the community in general could been made as organic fertilizer. Based on this, it was necessary to studied the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer (poc) of onion peel waste on the growth of pakcoy plants. The purpose of this studied was to studied the effect of onion peel waste on the growth of pakcoy. This studied used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (crd) consisting of 5 treatments and each treatment consisted of 5 replications, so the total number of experimental units was 25 experimental units. The concentration given to each treatment was p0 (0%), p1 ( 20%), p2 (40%), p3 (60%) and p4 (80%). Growth parameters observed was number of left, plant height and wet weight. The results showed that the administration of red onion peel waste had a significant effect on the growth of pakcoy on the three parameters observed. The optimal treatment for the number of left was p1(20%), plant height p3 (60%) and wet weight p1(20%) Keywords: Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Pakcoy, Shallots
{"title":"EFEKTIVITAS KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa)","authors":"Yosi Dwi Ananda Putri, Surti Kurniasih, .. Munarti","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3635","url":null,"abstract":"Mustard production in indonesia from 2017 to 2019 had been decreasing year by year, while market demanded for vegetable production had increased. On the other handed, shallot production in 2017 to 2019 increased, resulting in an abundance of shallot waste. Natural resources in the form of organic materials and organic waste that exist around farmers and the community in general could been made as organic fertilizer. Based on this, it was necessary to studied the effectiveness of liquid organic fertilizer (poc) of onion peel waste on the growth of pakcoy plants. The purpose of this studied was to studied the effect of onion peel waste on the growth of pakcoy. This studied used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (crd) consisting of 5 treatments and each treatment consisted of 5 replications, so the total number of experimental units was 25 experimental units. The concentration given to each treatment was p0 (0%), p1 ( 20%), p2 (40%), p3 (60%) and p4 (80%). Growth parameters observed was number of left, plant height and wet weight. The results showed that the administration of red onion peel waste had a significant effect on the growth of pakcoy on the three parameters observed. The optimal treatment for the number of left was p1(20%), plant height p3 (60%) and wet weight p1(20%) Keywords: Liquid Organic Fertilizer, Pakcoy, Shallots","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89354505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3948
Purwo Priyono, .. Ismanto, A. Susilo
Invasive Plant is species that dominate an area or places, both are native species and non-native species. Invasive Plants is one of the crucial problems in ecosystem management because it is a major component of global environmental change, threats to biodiversity and local species, as well as, causes of changes in nutrient cycles, fire cycles, hydrological cycles, and energy balance. The purpose of this study is to prove that plants far from the road are more commonly invaded by invasive species and that physical and biological factors affect the growth of invasive species. The research was conducted at the Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor from June 2020 to August 2020. This study used a vegetation analysis method, which is using nesting plots that have a size of 2 x 2 m for seedlings, 5 x 5 m for saplings, 10 x 10 m for poles, and 20 x 20 m for trees. Plots were made in two locations, close to the road and far from the road. The location close to the road was 5 - 10 meters, and far from the road was 70 - 80 meters The total plots made in this study were 16 plots in each size. The results showed that the highest diversity was found at the level of seedlings, namely medium status (2.00-3.00) according to the Shannon-Wiener index. The results showed that the statistical analysis of the diversity of weeds in the Dramaga Research Forest were not significantly different, between plants close to the road and plants far from the road. This is causing by physical factors that are not significantly different based on statistical tests. The growth of invasive plant species is influenced by several factors, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil pH. Keywords: Dramaga Research Forest Bogor, Invasive species, Vegetation analysis
{"title":"KERAGAMAN TUMBUHAN INVASIF DI HUTAN PENELITIAN DRAMAGA BOGOR","authors":"Purwo Priyono, .. Ismanto, A. Susilo","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3948","url":null,"abstract":"Invasive Plant is species that dominate an area or places, both are native species and non-native species. Invasive Plants is one of the crucial problems in ecosystem management because it is a major component of global environmental change, threats to biodiversity and local species, as well as, causes of changes in nutrient cycles, fire cycles, hydrological cycles, and energy balance. The purpose of this study is to prove that plants far from the road are more commonly invaded by invasive species and that physical and biological factors affect the growth of invasive species. The research was conducted at the Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor from June 2020 to August 2020. This study used a vegetation analysis method, which is using nesting plots that have a size of 2 x 2 m for seedlings, 5 x 5 m for saplings, 10 x 10 m for poles, and 20 x 20 m for trees. Plots were made in two locations, close to the road and far from the road. The location close to the road was 5 - 10 meters, and far from the road was 70 - 80 meters The total plots made in this study were 16 plots in each size. The results showed that the highest diversity was found at the level of seedlings, namely medium status (2.00-3.00) according to the Shannon-Wiener index. The results showed that the statistical analysis of the diversity of weeds in the Dramaga Research Forest were not significantly different, between plants close to the road and plants far from the road. This is causing by physical factors that are not significantly different based on statistical tests. The growth of invasive plant species is influenced by several factors, such as light intensity, temperature, humidity, and soil pH. Keywords: Dramaga Research Forest Bogor, Invasive species, Vegetation analysis","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89762231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3503
Lailiyatun Nasikhah, Achmad Ali Fikri
Widuri Waterfall has its own uniqueness compared to other tourist attractions in Grobogan. The natural nature of the Widuri Waterfall is the main attraction for visitors. This study aims to explore how the development of ecotourism in the Widuri waterfall area has applied the principles of ecotourism or not. This research is included in the field research, with a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and literature study. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is found that in tourism development every year holding environmental conservation activities, every tree around the tourism is given a name and its benefits, then tourism development has also involved the role of the local community. It can be concluded that the development of Widuri waterfall tourism has met the requirements of the principles of eco-friendly tourism development, namely the existence of the principle of conservation, the principle of education, the principle of tourism, the principle of economics and the principle of community participation. Researchers suggest to managers to continue to evaluate continuously in the development of ecotourism Widuri waterfall so as not to disturb and damage the function of the natural environment around the Widuri waterfall area. With this research, it is hoped that tourism managers will continue to pay attention to the principles of tourism development based on the principles of ecological development. Keywords: Development, Ecotourism, Waterfall
{"title":"ANALISIS PENGEMBANGAN WISATA ALAM AIR TERJUN WIDURI SEBAGAI KAWASAN EKOLOGI PARIWISATA","authors":"Lailiyatun Nasikhah, Achmad Ali Fikri","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3503","url":null,"abstract":"Widuri Waterfall has its own uniqueness compared to other tourist attractions in Grobogan. The natural nature of the Widuri Waterfall is the main attraction for visitors. This study aims to explore how the development of ecotourism in the Widuri waterfall area has applied the principles of ecotourism or not. This research is included in the field research, with a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and literature study. Based on the research that has been carried out, it is found that in tourism development every year holding environmental conservation activities, every tree around the tourism is given a name and its benefits, then tourism development has also involved the role of the local community. It can be concluded that the development of Widuri waterfall tourism has met the requirements of the principles of eco-friendly tourism development, namely the existence of the principle of conservation, the principle of education, the principle of tourism, the principle of economics and the principle of community participation. Researchers suggest to managers to continue to evaluate continuously in the development of ecotourism Widuri waterfall so as not to disturb and damage the function of the natural environment around the Widuri waterfall area. With this research, it is hoped that tourism managers will continue to pay attention to the principles of tourism development based on the principles of ecological development. Keywords: Development, Ecotourism, Waterfall","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73236271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-24DOI: 10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3666
Oom Komala, Durrotun Nafisah Abd.Nf, N. Utami
Dysentery can be treated using Pandanus amarylifolius leaves and Psidium guajava leaves. This study aimed to determine the activity of the combination of 96% ethanol extract of P. amarylifolius leaves and P. guajava leaves in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria. Methods. Extraction of P. amarylifolius leaves and P. guajava leaves respectively by using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. For the combination treatment, each of these extracts was combined. Each extract obtained was tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC value of P. amarylifolius leaf extract was obtained at a concentration of 30% and P. guajava leaf extract was obtained at a concentration of 40%. Inhibitory width test (IWT) by disc diffusion method was carried out on single extracts and combination extracts, with treatment concentrations of 30% single extract of P. amarylifolius leaf (K1), 40% single extract of P. guajava leaf (K2), combination 1 (P. amarylifolius leaf). 30%+ P. guajava leaf 40%) (K3), combination 2 (35% P. amarylifolius leaf + 40% P. guajava leaf) (K4), combination 3 (40% P. amarylifolius leaf + 40% P. guajava leaf) (K5). The width of the inhibition of the research results of the treatment against S. dysenteriae were analyzed using a completely randomized design and Duncan's test. The results showed that the combination of P. amarylifolius leaf extract and P. guajava leaf was more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria. The combination of P. amarylifolius leaf extract and P. guajava leaf extract that was most effective in inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria was combination 3 (40% P. amarylifolius leaf extract + 40% P. guajava leaf extract) with an average inhibitory width of 5.625 mm. Keywords: Combination, P. amarylifolius Leaves, P.guajava Leaves, S. dysenteriae
{"title":"UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL KOMBINASI DAUN PANDAN WANGI DAN DAUN JAMBU BIJI TERHADAP Shigella dysenteriae","authors":"Oom Komala, Durrotun Nafisah Abd.Nf, N. Utami","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3666","url":null,"abstract":"Dysentery can be treated using Pandanus amarylifolius leaves and Psidium guajava leaves. This study aimed to determine the activity of the combination of 96% ethanol extract of P. amarylifolius leaves and P. guajava leaves in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria. Methods. Extraction of P. amarylifolius leaves and P. guajava leaves respectively by using the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. For the combination treatment, each of these extracts was combined. Each extract obtained was tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC value of P. amarylifolius leaf extract was obtained at a concentration of 30% and P. guajava leaf extract was obtained at a concentration of 40%. Inhibitory width test (IWT) by disc diffusion method was carried out on single extracts and combination extracts, with treatment concentrations of 30% single extract of P. amarylifolius leaf (K1), 40% single extract of P. guajava leaf (K2), combination 1 (P. amarylifolius leaf). 30%+ P. guajava leaf 40%) (K3), combination 2 (35% P. amarylifolius leaf + 40% P. guajava leaf) (K4), combination 3 (40% P. amarylifolius leaf + 40% P. guajava leaf) (K5). The width of the inhibition of the research results of the treatment against S. dysenteriae were analyzed using a completely randomized design and Duncan's test. The results showed that the combination of P. amarylifolius leaf extract and P. guajava leaf was more effective in inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria. The combination of P. amarylifolius leaf extract and P. guajava leaf extract that was most effective in inhibiting the growth of S. dysenteriae bacteria was combination 3 (40% P. amarylifolius leaf extract + 40% P. guajava leaf extract) with an average inhibitory width of 5.625 mm. Keywords: Combination, P. amarylifolius Leaves, P.guajava Leaves, S. dysenteriae","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73676543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Javan Eagle Wildlife Sanctuary Center (PSSEJ) is one of the regions in Indonesia that has a high diversity of flora and fauna in Bogor, West Java. One of the fauna that live in PSSEJ is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. The limited information about Lepidoptera in this location causes the data on the diversity of these species to not be known with certainty. It is necessary to research the diversity of Lepidoptera. This study aims to study the species diversity of the order Lepidoptera at the Javan Eagle Wildlife Sanctuary Center. This research is an exploratory research conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 in two routes, namely track 1 (camping ground area) and route 2 (officer entrance route and land use). The research method uses a survey method using a sweeping net technique. Collecting data in the form of primary data covering the number of Lepidoptera species and secondary data covering temperature, humidity and light intensity. Based on the research, it was found 39 species of the order Lepidoptera with a moderate diversity index of 2.84, a high evenness index of 0.87 and a low dominance index of 0.08. Keywords: Diversity, Javan Eagle Sanctuary Center, Lepidoptera
{"title":"KEANEKARAGAMAN INSEKTA (ORDO LEPIDOPTERA) DI PUSAT SUAKA SATWA ELANG JAWA BOGOR","authors":"Rizky Krismawanti, Teti Rostikawati, Dimas Prasaja","doi":"10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33751/ekologia.v21i2.3893","url":null,"abstract":"The Javan Eagle Wildlife Sanctuary Center (PSSEJ) is one of the regions in Indonesia that has a high diversity of flora and fauna in Bogor, West Java. One of the fauna that live in PSSEJ is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. The limited information about Lepidoptera in this location causes the data on the diversity of these species to not be known with certainty. It is necessary to research the diversity of Lepidoptera. This study aims to study the species diversity of the order Lepidoptera at the Javan Eagle Wildlife Sanctuary Center. This research is an exploratory research conducted from December 2020 to August 2021 in two routes, namely track 1 (camping ground area) and route 2 (officer entrance route and land use). The research method uses a survey method using a sweeping net technique. Collecting data in the form of primary data covering the number of Lepidoptera species and secondary data covering temperature, humidity and light intensity. Based on the research, it was found 39 species of the order Lepidoptera with a moderate diversity index of 2.84, a high evenness index of 0.87 and a low dominance index of 0.08. Keywords: Diversity, Javan Eagle Sanctuary Center, Lepidoptera","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83657060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Taxonomic ratio in an ecological context is considered as an indicator of the level of competitive exclusion. In spite of more than a century of discussions on taxonomic ratio, the problem of finding an unbiased estimator for flora characterisation remains unsolved. The traditional form of taxonomic ratio (species/genus or species/families ratio) is biased, which depends on the area of territory for which the floral composition was established. This circumstance makes the taxonomic ratio an inadequate characteristic of the flora. To solve the problem of finding an unbiased estimator for the taxonomic ratio, we have combined two fundamental ecological generalisations. The first is that species that belong to the same genus usually live in similar habitats and have similar morphological features. The struggle for life between species from the same genus is, therefore, more intense than between species from different genera. The second is species–area relationship. We have considered the problem of finding an unbiased taxonomic relationship using the Arrhenius curves to fit species–area relationships. This combination allowed us to find a form of unbiased taxonomic relationship. The example of Cyanophyceae flora shows that this indicator is closely related to a wide range of ecological and biogeographical characteristics of vegetation. The residual of the linear equation of dependence of the logarithm of the number of species on the logarithm of the number of genera is an unbiased indicator of the taxonomic relation, which is independent of the number of genera (or number of families) and the sampling size (or area). An unbiased taxonomic relationship is a characteristic of regional flora, which depends on a wide range of its ecological and biogeographical features.
{"title":"The Ecological Interpretation of Unbiased Estimator for the Taxonomic Ratio: Different Approaches for Local and Regional Flora","authors":"O. Zhukov, L. Arabadzhy-Tipenko","doi":"10.2478/eko-2021-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/eko-2021-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Taxonomic ratio in an ecological context is considered as an indicator of the level of competitive exclusion. In spite of more than a century of discussions on taxonomic ratio, the problem of finding an unbiased estimator for flora characterisation remains unsolved. The traditional form of taxonomic ratio (species/genus or species/families ratio) is biased, which depends on the area of territory for which the floral composition was established. This circumstance makes the taxonomic ratio an inadequate characteristic of the flora. To solve the problem of finding an unbiased estimator for the taxonomic ratio, we have combined two fundamental ecological generalisations. The first is that species that belong to the same genus usually live in similar habitats and have similar morphological features. The struggle for life between species from the same genus is, therefore, more intense than between species from different genera. The second is species–area relationship. We have considered the problem of finding an unbiased taxonomic relationship using the Arrhenius curves to fit species–area relationships. This combination allowed us to find a form of unbiased taxonomic relationship. The example of Cyanophyceae flora shows that this indicator is closely related to a wide range of ecological and biogeographical characteristics of vegetation. The residual of the linear equation of dependence of the logarithm of the number of species on the logarithm of the number of genera is an unbiased indicator of the taxonomic relation, which is independent of the number of genera (or number of families) and the sampling size (or area). An unbiased taxonomic relationship is a characteristic of regional flora, which depends on a wide range of its ecological and biogeographical features.","PeriodicalId":53683,"journal":{"name":"Ekologia Bratislava","volume":"40 1","pages":"348 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41347141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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