Saint-Louis, the former capital of French West Africa, is a unique example of instilling European urban ideas on African soil. The city originated from the seventeenth-century factory of European merchants, located on the island in the mouth of the Senegal river. In an urban space emerging from scratch, French urban planners were free to create a colonial city. Saint-Louis is a model testimony of the confrontation between two logics of urbanization: the African (spontaneous) one and the European one (contained in rigid rules). The core of the colonial city has survived to the present day, setting an example of how European designs are adapted to local natural and social conditions. Specific spatial arrangements and social structure which are a derivative of 300 years of European domination have survived in this African city to this day.
{"title":"Saint-Louis – miasto zaszczepione. Europejski model urbanistyczny i kulturowy na gruncie afrykańskim","authors":"Ryszard Vorbrich","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.003","url":null,"abstract":"Saint-Louis, the former capital of French West Africa, is a unique example of instilling European urban ideas on African soil. The city originated from the seventeenth-century factory of European merchants, located on the island in the mouth of the Senegal river. In an urban space emerging from scratch, French urban planners were free to create a colonial city. Saint-Louis is a model testimony of the confrontation between two logics of urbanization: the African (spontaneous) one and the European one (contained in rigid rules). The core of the colonial city has survived to the present day, setting an example of how European designs are adapted to local natural and social conditions. Specific spatial arrangements and social structure which are a derivative of 300 years of European domination have survived in this African city to this day.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41593287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article, presenting the emic approach, concerns Polish migrants settling in Berlin and London, who coped with the integration process and achieved personal success on various levels. It is the second part of the whole cycle, started with the text of Agnieszka Szczepaniak-Kroll, Poles in Berlin and London: different faces of migration success. Part 1 (published in the same issue of JUE). Both are based on grant research and focus particularly on the post-accession period. The article analyses ways and strategies that caused Poles to achieve a successful existence in a new country of settlement, to meet their needs of well-being and happiness in their familial, professional and social lives. Differences and similarities in the understanding of success by migrants and strategies for achieving it were investigated. This helped to create a holistic picture of the successful and satisfactory integration of migrants, as well as a picture of their perception of success
{"title":"Polacy w Berlinie i Londynie: różne oblicza sukcesu migracyjnego. Część 2","authors":"Anna Szymoszyn","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.011","url":null,"abstract":"The article, presenting the emic approach, concerns Polish migrants settling in Berlin and London, who coped with the integration process and achieved personal success on various levels. It is the second part of the whole cycle, started with the text of Agnieszka Szczepaniak-Kroll, Poles in Berlin and London: different faces of migration success. Part 1 (published in the same issue of JUE). Both are based on grant research and focus particularly on the post-accession period. The article analyses ways and strategies that caused Poles to achieve a successful existence in a new country of settlement, to meet their needs of well-being and happiness in their familial, professional and social lives. Differences and similarities in the understanding of success by migrants and strategies for achieving it were investigated. This helped to create a holistic picture of the successful and satisfactory integration of migrants, as well as a picture of their perception of success","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45652740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of my article is to present events which took place a few years ago, unfolding with a varying dyna-mism and temporary hiatuses, revealing themselves again after a while, provoking people to action and engaging their emotions. Those events had a varied nature, but were focused on the artistic installation “The Rainbow”. The Polish performer Julita Wojcik, on commission of the Adam Mickiewicz Institute, constructed an arched structure with artificial flowers in the colours of the rainbow woven into it, and placed it in Plac Zbawiciela in Warsaw. This was not the first public presentation of the work – it was its new location that aroused social controversy. The emergent conflict gradually became polarized, dividing people into supporters of “The Rainbow” and its opponents. The installation itself became one of the most recognizable works of contemporary art in Poland, an important and fashionable tourist spot of the capital city, as well as a place for demonstrations and happenings or religious or carnival activities. The events around “The Rainbow” indicate that an artwork introduced into public space and confronted directly with the recipients may gain the power to provoke individuals and groups to action. While analysing them, I used Victor Turner’s concept of social drama, and also referred to the symbolic impact of artworks on people’s emotions and activities.
{"title":"Niebezpieczne dzieło sztuki. Tęcza w przestrzeniach miejskich Warszawy","authors":"R. Hołda","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of my article is to present events which took place a few years ago, unfolding with a varying dyna-mism and temporary hiatuses, revealing themselves again after a while, provoking people to action and engaging their emotions. Those events had a varied nature, but were focused on the artistic installation “The Rainbow”. The Polish performer Julita Wojcik, on commission of the Adam Mickiewicz Institute, constructed an arched structure with artificial flowers in the colours of the rainbow woven into it, and placed it in Plac Zbawiciela in Warsaw. This was not the first public presentation of the work – it was its new location that aroused social controversy. The emergent conflict gradually became polarized, dividing people into supporters of “The Rainbow” and its opponents. The installation itself became one of the most recognizable works of contemporary art in Poland, an important and fashionable tourist spot of the capital city, as well as a place for demonstrations and happenings or religious or carnival activities. The events around “The Rainbow” indicate that an artwork introduced into public space and confronted directly with the recipients may gain the power to provoke individuals and groups to action. While analysing them, I used Victor Turner’s concept of social drama, and also referred to the symbolic impact of artworks on people’s emotions and activities.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68899245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Space not only provides a frame, or an arena, for human life, but it is also an important factor of change and an effect of the society’s organisation. This is one of the reasons why grassroots culture-creating activities aimed at marking human presence in a certain place, and altering the perception of space, materialise there.In the article, I present examples of culture-creating practices addressed to the residents of two streets in Lodz; streets which are relatively isolated in terms of space and social contexts and which have been cate-gorised by sociologists as an enclave of poverty. I describe actions by the performance artist Agnieszka Ziemiszewska and the circle of culture animators centring on the “White Crows” Foundation for the Living Culture [Fundacja na rzecz Kultury Żywej “Biale Gawrony”], treating them as means to recognise the context and character of grassroots culture-creating practices aimed a reformatting the socio-cultural identity of a particular area of a city.
空间不仅为人类生活提供了一个框架或舞台，它也是一个重要的变化因素和社会组织的影响。这也是草根文化创造活动之所以会在某个地方出现的原因之一，这些活动旨在标记人在某个地方的存在，并改变对空间的感知。在文章中，我向罗兹两条街道的居民展示了文化创造实践的例子;在空间和社会背景方面相对孤立的街道，被社会学家归类为贫困的飞地。我描述了行为艺术家Agnieszka Ziemiszewska和以“白乌鸦”生活文化基金会(Fundacja na rzecz culture Żywej“Biale Gawrony”)为中心的文化动画师圈的行动，将它们视为认识基层文化创造实践的背景和特征的手段，旨在重新塑造城市特定地区的社会文化身份。
{"title":"Culture-creating activities in the city space: examples from Lodz. Anthropological contexts","authors":"G. Karpińska","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.006","url":null,"abstract":"Space not only provides a frame, or an arena, for human life, but it is also an important factor of change and an effect of the society’s organisation. This is one of the reasons why grassroots culture-creating activities aimed at marking human presence in a certain place, and altering the perception of space, materialise there.In the article, I present examples of culture-creating practices addressed to the residents of two streets in Lodz; streets which are relatively isolated in terms of space and social contexts and which have been cate-gorised by sociologists as an enclave of poverty. I describe actions by the performance artist Agnieszka Ziemiszewska and the circle of culture animators centring on the “White Crows” Foundation for the Living Culture [Fundacja na rzecz Kultury Żywej “Biale Gawrony”], treating them as means to recognise the context and character of grassroots culture-creating practices aimed a reformatting the socio-cultural identity of a particular area of a city.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68899221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the ideological war waged by the Bolsheviks, housing was an important front, significant as a field in which the contemporary discourse found its material manifestations. The present article discusses an example of a literal interpretation of the radical ideology of the period: the project of a Siberian house-commune by Nikolai Kuzmin. The project was an attempt to transplant a utopian (linguistic) idea directly into an architectural complex. Although Kuzmin had assumed that the project would be implemented, in fact it was not feasible and never began to exist outside the realm of discourse.
{"title":"Project of a house-commune for Anzhero-Sudzhensk as a part of the Soviet utopian discourse of the late 1920s and early 1930s","authors":"Kinga Nędza-Sikoniowska","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.005","url":null,"abstract":"During the ideological war waged by the Bolsheviks, housing was an important front, significant as a field in which the contemporary discourse found its material manifestations. The present article discusses an example of a literal interpretation of the radical ideology of the period: the project of a Siberian house-commune by Nikolai Kuzmin. The project was an attempt to transplant a utopian (linguistic) idea directly into an architectural complex. Although Kuzmin had assumed that the project would be implemented, in fact it was not feasible and never began to exist outside the realm of discourse.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68899172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The French anthropologist Marc Auge sees the modern-day city as facing three risks: uniformity, extension, and implosion. All these risks are linked to the ‘war’ over space in the modern and post-modern city. The problem of uniformity arose in the last decades of the 19th century, when cities began to modernise and, amidst efforts to create a new type of residential building that could accommodate as many tenants as pos-sible (i.e. tenement buildings, the precursor to the later prefab panel building), areas of the urban space were cleared for redevelopment. Cities became an arena of conflict between people involved in business and the champions of modernisation on one side, and traditionalists and heritage preservationists on the other. Around the same time the first automobiles made their appearance; over the course of the 20th century they would profoundly transform the character of cities. These two ‘wars’ over the public space reached their peak in the 20th century. As population density in the cities increased, there was an escalating conflict of interests in connection with rising consumption and the growing volume of traffic: people needed to be able to move rapidly around the city and have access to housing and shopping opportunities, but they also needed to be close to others and to feel safe and the city needed good quality air and green areas. After 1989, communi-cation (tourism) grew sharply and this gave rise to a conflict between the interests of tourist agencies and long-term residents, who were essentially pushed out of the historic centres of cities into the growing pe-ripheries, which then required the construction of new roads. This paper seeks to put forth a typology of the ‘wars’ over space in the (post)modern city and presents the best-known examples of the conflict of interests between local politicians, developers, and citizens in Prague in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.
{"title":"A typology of ‘war’ over the public space in the contemporary city. Examples from Prague","authors":"Blanka Soukupová","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.001","url":null,"abstract":"The French anthropologist Marc Auge sees the modern-day city as facing three risks: uniformity, extension, and implosion. All these risks are linked to the ‘war’ over space in the modern and post-modern city. The problem of uniformity arose in the last decades of the 19th century, when cities began to modernise and, amidst efforts to create a new type of residential building that could accommodate as many tenants as pos-sible (i.e. tenement buildings, the precursor to the later prefab panel building), areas of the urban space were cleared for redevelopment. Cities became an arena of conflict between people involved in business and the champions of modernisation on one side, and traditionalists and heritage preservationists on the other. Around the same time the first automobiles made their appearance; over the course of the 20th century they would profoundly transform the character of cities. These two ‘wars’ over the public space reached their peak in the 20th century. As population density in the cities increased, there was an escalating conflict of interests in connection with rising consumption and the growing volume of traffic: people needed to be able to move rapidly around the city and have access to housing and shopping opportunities, but they also needed to be close to others and to feel safe and the city needed good quality air and green areas. After 1989, communi-cation (tourism) grew sharply and this gave rise to a conflict between the interests of tourist agencies and long-term residents, who were essentially pushed out of the historic centres of cities into the growing pe-ripheries, which then required the construction of new roads. This paper seeks to put forth a typology of the ‘wars’ over space in the (post)modern city and presents the best-known examples of the conflict of interests between local politicians, developers, and citizens in Prague in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68899124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the functions and significance of a street in an African city, based on the example of Lome, the capital of Togo. The author analyzes the material collected during many years of field research, arranging it in the following dimensions: community, identity, trade, citizenship, and accessibility. The street of an African city is located in between the private and the public space. To many residents, it is a living environment, where everyday life: work, provisioning, interaction and pleasure, is played out. It is a place of intensive social relations, which are expressed in the field of connections, economic exchange, communica-tion by the transmission of rumors, but also through solidarity and creativity in crisis situations. The street, as a living space for thousands of people and a source of livelihood, turns out to be indispensable for survival strategies, although it can also be “predatory”, because of the danger of violence and theft and because of the occult forces.
{"title":"Ulica afrykańskiego miasta jako przestrzeń życia na przykładzie Lomé, stolicy Togo","authors":"J. Pawlik","doi":"10.23858/JUE18.2020.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/JUE18.2020.004","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the functions and significance of a street in an African city, based on the example of Lome, the capital of Togo. The author analyzes the material collected during many years of field research, arranging it in the following dimensions: community, identity, trade, citizenship, and accessibility. The street of an African city is located in between the private and the public space. To many residents, it is a living environment, where everyday life: work, provisioning, interaction and pleasure, is played out. It is a place of intensive social relations, which are expressed in the field of connections, economic exchange, communica-tion by the transmission of rumors, but also through solidarity and creativity in crisis situations. The street, as a living space for thousands of people and a source of livelihood, turns out to be indispensable for survival strategies, although it can also be “predatory”, because of the danger of violence and theft and because of the occult forces.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68899135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on studies conducted between the year 2013 and 2016, the article describes a process of settling within a place and its practical aspects among students of Warsaw public universities who come from outside of the capital city (commonly known as sloiki – “jars”). In this paper, the process of settling is understood as a relation with the city, shaped and transformed by the practices of everyday life. It describes students’ motives for migration, responses to a new situation of living in a new city, changes regarding the knowledge of topography, renting a flat, travelling and movement, social relations, and anchoring of everyday memories in the space of the city.
{"title":"Jak mieszka „słoik”? Proces zadomawiania się w Warszawie na przykładzie studentów pochodzących spoza stolicy","authors":"K. Zarzycka","doi":"10.23858/jue17.2019.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/jue17.2019.011","url":null,"abstract":"Based on studies conducted between the year 2013 and 2016, the article describes a process of settling within a place and its practical aspects among students of Warsaw public universities who come from outside of the capital city (commonly known as sloiki – “jars”). In this paper, the process of settling is understood as a relation with the city, shaped and transformed by the practices of everyday life. It describes students’ motives for migration, responses to a new situation of living in a new city, changes regarding the knowledge of topography, renting a flat, travelling and movement, social relations, and anchoring of everyday memories in the space of the city.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41324895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bezdomni, mobilni, zadomowieni mieszkańcy miast (w praktykach artystycznych)","authors":"J. Pankau","doi":"10.23858/jue17.2019.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/jue17.2019.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68898754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main goal of the paper is to report and explain the ongoing process of gentrification in an excluded area Bratislavská Street – Cejl Street in Brno, the Czech Republic. It is a specific study describing the process of gentrification in general on the basis of a specific case. The findings of this study come out of a long-term field survey in the form of regular visits to that area of Brno, carried out from 2008 to 2012. Since 2012 the research has been carried out in form of observation of the area’s environment and the author’s stay in that area. The research and following analysis are based on the “actor-centred approach”.
{"title":"Changing cityscapes and the process of contemporary gentrification: The study of the transformation of a socially excluded area in Brno, the Czech Republic","authors":"Klára Brožovičová","doi":"10.23858/jue17.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23858/jue17.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of the paper is to report and explain the ongoing process of gentrification in an excluded area Bratislavská Street – Cejl Street in Brno, the Czech Republic. It is a specific study describing the process of gentrification in general on the basis of a specific case. The findings of this study come out of a long-term field survey in the form of regular visits to that area of Brno, carried out from 2008 to 2012. Since 2012 the research has been carried out in form of observation of the area’s environment and the author’s stay in that area. The research and following analysis are based on the “actor-centred approach”.","PeriodicalId":53727,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Ethnology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68898938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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