Zahraa K Lawi, Ahmed H Alkhammas, Malek Elerouri, Amara Ibtissem Ben, Mohammed Baqur S Al-Shuhaib
Background: The telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene is essential polymorphic loci linked to most malignant tumors. This study assessed the association between the TERT gene and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Iraq.
Methods: Genomic DNA samples were extracted from a total of 200 samples of blood. Four specific PCR fragments were designed to amplify four high-frequency rs2735940, rs2736098, rs2736100, and rs10069690 SNPs within the TERT gene. Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed by sequencing reactions were used for genotyping and validating the amplified fragments.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-07-20DOI: 10.1037/vio0000481
Kelly Cue Davis, Robin Stewart, Mitchell Kirwan, Weiqi Chen, Julia F Hammett
Objective: Sexual aggression research has recently expanded to include empirical investigations of coercion during condom negotiation and use. This scoping review presents and discusses peer-reviewed, quantitative, English-language studies conducted on coercive condom use resistance (CUR) behavior and intentions.
Method: Our systematic literature search yielded 20 articles that assessed coercive CUR perpetration behaviors or intentions and met other inclusion criteria. Data on rates and correlates of coercive CUR behavior and intentions were extracted.
Results: Identified studies used varied methods including cross-sectional surveys, 3-month longitudinal studies, and alcohol administration experiments, primarily with young adult samples. Overall, results indicated that a substantial minority (up to 42.6%) of sampled individuals endorsed lifetime perpetration of coercive CUR, with men reporting higher prevalence of coercive CUR perpetration than women. The majority of studies (70%) assessed coercive CUR through the Condom Use Resistance Tactics Scale (Davis et al., 2014). Although correlates largely differed by gender, alcohol-related variables emerged as risk factors for both men and women.
Conclusions: Burgeoning evidence indicates that coercive CUR is relatively common, and, particularly for men, risk factors are similar to those associated with sexual aggression more generally. Review findings demonstrate that continued research in this area is warranted and should expand to include more diverse populations, to consider other risk factors and sequelae, and to utilize novel methodological approaches.
目的：性侵犯研究近来已扩展到对安全套谈判和使用过程中的胁迫行为进行实证调查。这篇范围界定综述介绍并讨论了经同行评审的、定量的、关于胁迫性安全套使用阻力（CUR）行为和意图的英文研究：我们通过系统性文献检索获得了 20 篇评估胁迫性 CUR 行为或意图并符合其他纳入标准的文章。我们提取了胁迫性 CUR 行为和意向的发生率和相关性数据：已确定的研究采用了不同的方法，包括横截面调查、为期 3 个月的纵向研究和酒精管理实验，主要以年轻人为样本。总体而言，研究结果表明，相当少数（高达 42.6%）的抽样个体认可终生实施胁迫性 CUR，男性报告的胁迫性 CUR 实施率高于女性。大多数研究（70%）通过 "安全套使用抵制策略量表"（Davis 等人，2014 年）对胁迫性 CUR 进行了评估。虽然相关因素在很大程度上因性别而异，但与酒精相关的变量成为男性和女性的风险因素：越来越多的证据表明，胁迫性 CUR 比较常见，尤其是对男性而言，其风险因素与一般的性侵犯相关因素相似。综述结果表明，有必要在这一领域继续开展研究，并应扩大研究范围，纳入更多不同的人群，考虑其他风险因素和后遗症，并采用新颖的方法。
{"title":"Coercive Condom Use Resistance: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Kelly Cue Davis, Robin Stewart, Mitchell Kirwan, Weiqi Chen, Julia F Hammett","doi":"10.1037/vio0000481","DOIUrl":"10.1037/vio0000481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sexual aggression research has recently expanded to include empirical investigations of coercion during condom negotiation and use. This scoping review presents and discusses peer-reviewed, quantitative, English-language studies conducted on coercive condom use resistance (CUR) behavior and intentions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Our systematic literature search yielded 20 articles that assessed coercive CUR perpetration behaviors or intentions and met other inclusion criteria. Data on rates and correlates of coercive CUR behavior and intentions were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Identified studies used varied methods including cross-sectional surveys, 3-month longitudinal studies, and alcohol administration experiments, primarily with young adult samples. Overall, results indicated that a substantial minority (up to 42.6%) of sampled individuals endorsed lifetime perpetration of coercive CUR, with men reporting higher prevalence of coercive CUR perpetration than women. The majority of studies (70%) assessed coercive CUR through the Condom Use Resistance Tactics Scale (Davis et al., 2014). Although correlates largely differed by gender, alcohol-related variables emerged as risk factors for both men and women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Burgeoning evidence indicates that coercive CUR is relatively common, and, particularly for men, risk factors are similar to those associated with sexual aggression more generally. Review findings demonstrate that continued research in this area is warranted and should expand to include more diverse populations, to consider other risk factors and sequelae, and to utilize novel methodological approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":53750,"journal":{"name":"Fourth Genre-Explorations in Nonfiction","volume":"13 1","pages":"361-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10857871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88443646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0024
Michael J. Hess, K. Hartman, Joanne Jacobson, Karen Babine, Erin Wisti, Elaine Herrick Lee, Allison Ellis, J. Winn, Erin Langner, Margaret Nowaczyk, C. Stoddard, Chris Arthur, Tanya Bomsta, J. J. Sullivan, Annie Penfield, S. Church, P. Hicks, Hannah D. Markley, P. Haney, J. Price, Tom Montgomery Fate, J. Franklin, Patrick Madden, Peggy Shinner, Melissa Lauer
{"title":"The Jim Croce Question","authors":"Michael J. Hess, K. Hartman, Joanne Jacobson, Karen Babine, Erin Wisti, Elaine Herrick Lee, Allison Ellis, J. Winn, Erin Langner, Margaret Nowaczyk, C. Stoddard, Chris Arthur, Tanya Bomsta, J. J. Sullivan, Annie Penfield, S. Church, P. Hicks, Hannah D. Markley, P. Haney, J. Price, Tom Montgomery Fate, J. Franklin, Patrick Madden, Peggy Shinner, Melissa Lauer","doi":"10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53750,"journal":{"name":"Fourth Genre-Explorations in Nonfiction","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 104 - 105 - 110 - 111 - 119 - 120 - 127 - 128 - 13 - 14 - 146 - 147 - 158 - 159 - 160 - 161 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49271153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0165
Annie Penfield
Walking to the barn, I navigate ruts and ice. The uneven terrain is a consequence of last week's thaw and then this morning's freeze. Last week, frost lurched from the ground with rising temperatures and rain ran off the snowbanks and pooled outside horse stalls, and the snow compacted to a thick crust. This morning, the maples bend in the wind, and small branches litter the ground. The woods snap and crackle. The ground is slick and unforgiving. I tread with care to the barn to feed my horses. This is March, the shoulder season, a vacillation of thaw and freeze, as we stagger into the next season. We will have at least two months of slip and slide, mud and snow, sleet and rain, that we call mud season before we land in spring. We all feel the limitation, the grey skies, the roads frozen in ruts, and small packed islands within the difficult to penetrate crust. We bump up against the limitation, ready to tip into something new, but the world surrounding isn't ready to receive us.My mother had lost motivation to change before driving us to school in the morning.” My oldest daughter remembers me in a way that makes me wince when I read her words. In her story, I am disheveled and distracted. Living in flannel pajamas and muttering. She remembers me in the way that I am frozen. Her memory shifts my focus from her father's disappearance to my emotional absence. I slip from holding it together to see how I was falling apart.I came to know this vision of me when she took a creative writing class her sophomore year in college, and she sent me the story about her father's five-day disappearance, the grand finale binge before he sobered up. She was in fifth grade at the time. Only she remembers her father's drinking and disappearances. Her younger siblings, although younger only by a few years, do not remember. They did not tally the days in their journals that he was missing. They did not lie awake in bed watching for headlights to travel the long driveway to the house.My daughter remembers me within the absence of her father. How two suddenly became less than one. She had her first ever dance during that time. She remembers the skirt she wore, the macarena, the boy who reached for her hand. She remembers standing in the driveway watching the neighbor's red taillights fade as she delayed entering the house, prolonging the fullness and kindness of her night, before entering the quiet house with a newly hollow mother. I would be waiting, “still in her pajamas from the night before, and ask me how it went. Neither of us would mention his absence and I wouldn't ask, not wanting to breach the unspoken-ness, not wanting her to know that I stayed up every night, hoping to catch his headlights as they descended the final curve in our driveway.”I don't remember the dance. The gold skirt still hangs in our cedar closet. I do remember taking the dress to a friend's mother to have it altered for the dance. Randi added a thin organza orange ribbon to the hem “to add
{"title":"Shoulder Season","authors":"Annie Penfield","doi":"10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0165","url":null,"abstract":"Walking to the barn, I navigate ruts and ice. The uneven terrain is a consequence of last week's thaw and then this morning's freeze. Last week, frost lurched from the ground with rising temperatures and rain ran off the snowbanks and pooled outside horse stalls, and the snow compacted to a thick crust. This morning, the maples bend in the wind, and small branches litter the ground. The woods snap and crackle. The ground is slick and unforgiving. I tread with care to the barn to feed my horses. This is March, the shoulder season, a vacillation of thaw and freeze, as we stagger into the next season. We will have at least two months of slip and slide, mud and snow, sleet and rain, that we call mud season before we land in spring. We all feel the limitation, the grey skies, the roads frozen in ruts, and small packed islands within the difficult to penetrate crust. We bump up against the limitation, ready to tip into something new, but the world surrounding isn't ready to receive us.My mother had lost motivation to change before driving us to school in the morning.” My oldest daughter remembers me in a way that makes me wince when I read her words. In her story, I am disheveled and distracted. Living in flannel pajamas and muttering. She remembers me in the way that I am frozen. Her memory shifts my focus from her father's disappearance to my emotional absence. I slip from holding it together to see how I was falling apart.I came to know this vision of me when she took a creative writing class her sophomore year in college, and she sent me the story about her father's five-day disappearance, the grand finale binge before he sobered up. She was in fifth grade at the time. Only she remembers her father's drinking and disappearances. Her younger siblings, although younger only by a few years, do not remember. They did not tally the days in their journals that he was missing. They did not lie awake in bed watching for headlights to travel the long driveway to the house.My daughter remembers me within the absence of her father. How two suddenly became less than one. She had her first ever dance during that time. She remembers the skirt she wore, the macarena, the boy who reached for her hand. She remembers standing in the driveway watching the neighbor's red taillights fade as she delayed entering the house, prolonging the fullness and kindness of her night, before entering the quiet house with a newly hollow mother. I would be waiting, “still in her pajamas from the night before, and ask me how it went. Neither of us would mention his absence and I wouldn't ask, not wanting to breach the unspoken-ness, not wanting her to know that I stayed up every night, hoping to catch his headlights as they descended the final curve in our driveway.”I don't remember the dance. The gold skirt still hangs in our cedar closet. I do remember taking the dress to a friend's mother to have it altered for the dance. Randi added a thin organza orange ribbon to the hem “to add ","PeriodicalId":53750,"journal":{"name":"Fourth Genre-Explorations in Nonfiction","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134942342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-01DOI: 10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0210
P. Haney
{"title":"One by One, the Stars","authors":"P. Haney","doi":"10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14321/fourthgenre.25.1.0210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53750,"journal":{"name":"Fourth Genre-Explorations in Nonfiction","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47431042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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