Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.003
O. Kalinichenko, V. Pavlyshyn, V. Snisar, A. Kalinichenko
Apatites of markedly different chemical composition and origin were studied using 19F magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Synthetic carbonate fluorapatites (CFAp) containing 2.6 to 4.7 wt% F, 0 to 4 wt% CO2 and 0 to 1 wt% Na2О, hydroxylfluorapatite (OH:F ≈ 1:1) containing about 3 wt% Y (Y-HFAp), natural REE-apatites, and CFAp and Y-HFAp heated at temperature from 700 to 1000 oC were researched. The spectra of apatites with isomorphic substitutions show the signals (chemical shift δ) caused by fluoride ions in fluorapatite structure and, possibly, near defects in Ca sites (from −102.5 to −100 ppm), near water molecules (H2Os) incorporated in the channels (about −96.5 ppm), and one or two signals with δх from −91 to −86 ppm. The spectra of synthetic CFAp and Y-НFAр heated up to 900 oС and original natural REE-apatites show two components, δх1 and δх2 shifted with 2 − 3 ppm, in this range. It is shown that the component δx2 is new, it hasn’t been observed in the spectra previously. Signals in the δх range are caused by Fх ions (up to 12% F) whose structural environment is different substantially from the "ideal" fluorapatite structure. It is found that the contents of Fх ions and CO2 in synthetic CFAp correlate linearly. It is shown that Fx (Fх1) ions can occupied sites in the channels near single vacancies Ca, and Fх2 ions — near double vacancies, Ca and anionic those in the channels, in CFAp with the F content not higher than stoichiometric and Y-НFАр. These vacancies can form through different heterovalent isomorphism mechanisms such as РО43− → СО32− and/or Са2+ → M3+ (М = REE, Al, Fe), vacancies in the channels of heated apatites with partial substitutions F → H2Os, OH — through dehydration and/or dehydroxylation.
{"title":"STRUCTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF FLUORIDE IONS IN APATITES OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ORIGIN: 19F MAS NMR STUDY","authors":"O. Kalinichenko, V. Pavlyshyn, V. Snisar, A. Kalinichenko","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Apatites of markedly different chemical composition and origin were studied using 19F magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Synthetic carbonate fluorapatites (CFAp) containing 2.6 to 4.7 wt% F, 0 to 4 wt% CO2 and 0 to 1 wt% Na2О, hydroxylfluorapatite (OH:F ≈ 1:1) containing about 3 wt% Y (Y-HFAp), natural REE-apatites, and CFAp and Y-HFAp heated at temperature from 700 to 1000 oC were researched. The spectra of apatites with isomorphic substitutions show the signals (chemical shift δ) caused by fluoride ions in fluorapatite structure and, possibly, near defects in Ca sites (from −102.5 to −100 ppm), near water molecules (H2Os) incorporated in the channels (about −96.5 ppm), and one or two signals with δх from −91 to −86 ppm. The spectra of synthetic CFAp and Y-НFAр heated up to 900 oС and original natural REE-apatites show two components, δх1 and δх2 shifted with 2 − 3 ppm, in this range. It is shown that the component δx2 is new, it hasn’t been observed in the spectra previously. Signals in the δх range are caused by Fх ions (up to 12% F) whose structural environment is different substantially from the \"ideal\" fluorapatite structure. It is found that the contents of Fх ions and CO2 in synthetic CFAp correlate linearly. It is shown that Fx (Fх1) ions can occupied sites in the channels near single vacancies Ca, and Fх2 ions — near double vacancies, Ca and anionic those in the channels, in CFAp with the F content not higher than stoichiometric and Y-НFАр. These vacancies can form through different heterovalent isomorphism mechanisms such as РО43− → СО32− and/or Са2+ → M3+ (М = REE, Al, Fe), vacancies in the channels of heated apatites with partial substitutions F → H2Os, OH — through dehydration and/or dehydroxylation.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.022
V. Pavlyshyn, D. Chernysh, H. Kulchytska, O. Matkovskyi
Some regularities of the interrelation of the genesis and minerals distribution in the bowels based on the analysis of information on the temporal and spatial distribution of minerals in geological complexes, primarily in Ukraine, were revealed. The distribution of minerals in magmatic complexes, pegmatites, hydrothermalites and metamorphites was studied. The relationship between tectonics and the distribution of minerals is noted. There is a clear direction of the geological development of the earth's crust: the pacification of tectonic processes — the growth of platforms — the differentiation of mineral matter. The number of formed mineral species increased rapidly from Archean to Phanerozoic complexes, from "basaltic" to "crustal" mineral formation, from ultrabasic rocks to acid ones. The Pre-Greenstone crust of Ukrainian Shield (USh) is predominantly represented by plagioclases and pyroxenes; with the development of granitoids, quartz and alkali feldspars joined them. From early to late stages of USh development, the number of species increased by an order of magnitude. Near-Azov megablock is in the first place. Maximum species formation is associated with alkaline magmatism and processes involving volatile components, in particular pegmatite formation. The number of minerals in pegmatites reaches hundreds of species. Mountain building led to the destruction of igneous rocks and the formation of new minerals. The appearance of free oxygen became a powerful factor in mineral formation. Superimposed processes with the supplying of deep fluids contributed to the transformation and redistribution of minerals and the formation of polygenic ores. The distribution of minerals makes it possible to detect typomorphic species for certain processes, which can be used to determine the criteria of mineralization, its scale, and the erosion section of ore bodies. The distribution of various mineral species, and the same species with identified macro- and microdefects, as a result of the conditions of mineral formation, is of practical importance.
{"title":"SOME REGULARITIES OF THE INTERRELATION OF THE GENESIS AND MINERALS DISTRIBUTION IN THE BOWELS","authors":"V. Pavlyshyn, D. Chernysh, H. Kulchytska, O. Matkovskyi","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"Some regularities of the interrelation of the genesis and minerals distribution in the bowels based on the analysis of information on the temporal and spatial distribution of minerals in geological complexes, primarily in Ukraine, were revealed. The distribution of minerals in magmatic complexes, pegmatites, hydrothermalites and metamorphites was studied. The relationship between tectonics and the distribution of minerals is noted. There is a clear direction of the geological development of the earth's crust: the pacification of tectonic processes — the growth of platforms — the differentiation of mineral matter. The number of formed mineral species increased rapidly from Archean to Phanerozoic complexes, from \"basaltic\" to \"crustal\" mineral formation, from ultrabasic rocks to acid ones. The Pre-Greenstone crust of Ukrainian Shield (USh) is predominantly represented by plagioclases and pyroxenes; with the development of granitoids, quartz and alkali feldspars joined them. From early to late stages of USh development, the number of species increased by an order of magnitude. Near-Azov megablock is in the first place. Maximum species formation is associated with alkaline magmatism and processes involving volatile components, in particular pegmatite formation. The number of minerals in pegmatites reaches hundreds of species. Mountain building led to the destruction of igneous rocks and the formation of new minerals. The appearance of free oxygen became a powerful factor in mineral formation. Superimposed processes with the supplying of deep fluids contributed to the transformation and redistribution of minerals and the formation of polygenic ores. The distribution of minerals makes it possible to detect typomorphic species for certain processes, which can be used to determine the criteria of mineralization, its scale, and the erosion section of ore bodies. The distribution of various mineral species, and the same species with identified macro- and microdefects, as a result of the conditions of mineral formation, is of practical importance.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.003
E. Grechanovskaya, I.M. Lunova, S. Kurylo, V. Belskyi
The structural properties and composition of metamict minerals, namely allanite, chevkinite, and britholite, occurring as inclusions in allanite from feldspar syenites of the Velyka Vyska massif (Korsun-Novomyrgorod pluton, Ukrainian Shield) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The age of the syenites is 1.7-1.8 Ga, which corresponds to their formation ages within the Ukrainian Shield. X-ray analysis shows that of the original samples of chevkinite and allanite give a broad diffraction peak between 16—28° 2Θ as well as Bragg reflections in the region of the most intense reflections of semimetamict allanite and britholite, indicating the metamict state of chevkinite and the semimetamict state of allanite. The content of radioactive Th found in the chevkinite (0.25-0.33 apfu) is higher compared to its amount in allanite (0.024-0.033 apfu). Calculated unit-cell parameters of the chevkinite and allanite samples showed that their structures underwent significant changes after annealing. There is a slight distortion of the chevkinite unit cell related to a decrease in the a and an increase in b and c edges. A decrease in b and the increase in c in the allanite is caused by a redistribution of cations in the structure and an oxidation of iron, Fe2+ → Fe3+, during heating. Thereby the stability of the allanite structure decreases and it ultimately breaks down. The structural sites A and A2 in chevkinite and allanite are mainly occupied by REEs of the cerium group. The amount of Y is minor. The substitution mechanism А2(REE)3+ + М3М2+ → А2Са2+ + М3М3+(allanite) and M2Fe3+ + M3,4Ti4+↔ M2Fe2+ + M3,4Nb5+ (chevkinite) occur. The M2 site in the structure of chevkinite and M3 in allanite contain more Fe2+ than Fe3+. This leads to a weakening of the bonds in their structures, and a stepwise breakdown and partial or total metamictization of their structures. The britholite inclusions in allanite belong to the Y variety. They were probably formed much later than allanite and chevkinite in the Velyka Vyska massif. According to the EPMA results, namely BSE-images and REE content determinations, allanite and chevkinite formed almost simultaneously.
{"title":"NEW DATA ON THE CRYSTAL-CHEMISTRY OF METAMICT MINERALS FROM THE VELYKA VYSKA SYENITE MASSIF (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)","authors":"E. Grechanovskaya, I.M. Lunova, S. Kurylo, V. Belskyi","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"The structural properties and composition of metamict minerals, namely allanite, chevkinite, and britholite, occurring as inclusions in allanite from feldspar syenites of the Velyka Vyska massif (Korsun-Novomyrgorod pluton, Ukrainian Shield) were investigated by X-ray diffraction and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The age of the syenites is 1.7-1.8 Ga, which corresponds to their formation ages within the Ukrainian Shield. X-ray analysis shows that of the original samples of chevkinite and allanite give a broad diffraction peak between 16—28° 2Θ as well as Bragg reflections in the region of the most intense reflections of semimetamict allanite and britholite, indicating the metamict state of chevkinite and the semimetamict state of allanite. The content of radioactive Th found in the chevkinite (0.25-0.33 apfu) is higher compared to its amount in allanite (0.024-0.033 apfu). Calculated unit-cell parameters of the chevkinite and allanite samples showed that their structures underwent significant changes after annealing. There is a slight distortion of the chevkinite unit cell related to a decrease in the a and an increase in b and c edges. A decrease in b and the increase in c in the allanite is caused by a redistribution of cations in the structure and an oxidation of iron, Fe2+ → Fe3+, during heating. Thereby the stability of the allanite structure decreases and it ultimately breaks down. The structural sites A and A2 in chevkinite and allanite are mainly occupied by REEs of the cerium group. The amount of Y is minor. The substitution mechanism А2(REE)3+ + М3М2+ → А2Са2+ + М3М3+(allanite) and M2Fe3+ + M3,4Ti4+↔ M2Fe2+ + M3,4Nb5+ (chevkinite) occur. The M2 site in the structure of chevkinite and M3 in allanite contain more Fe2+ than Fe3+. This leads to a weakening of the bonds in their structures, and a stepwise breakdown and partial or total metamictization of their structures. The britholite inclusions in allanite belong to the Y variety. They were probably formed much later than allanite and chevkinite in the Velyka Vyska massif. According to the EPMA results, namely BSE-images and REE content determinations, allanite and chevkinite formed almost simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.099
I. Naumko, M. Pavlyuk, A. Loktiev, Yu.V. Khokha, В.E. Sakhno, Yu.A. Belеts’ka, N. Sava
Gases in migrating paleofluids of the Transcarpathian Basin in Ukraine proper were investigated. Their properties were analyzed using fluid inclusions in minerals and fluids occurring in closed pores of promising gas-bearing rocks. Samples were taken from wells drilled within the Mukachevo (1-Borodivsk-Novosilsk) and Solotvyno (1-Bushtyno, 4-Hrushovo, 1-Danylovo, 28-Solotvyno) depressions. According to the data from mass-spectrometric chemical analysis, methane and its homologues and carbon dioxide were found in the composition of volatile compounds, which coincides with the identified advantage of methane and its homologues, on the one hand, and carbon dioxide, on the other hand, in the natural gases of fields of the Transcarpathian gas-bearing area. Methane (98.2 vol. %), ethane (1.2 vol. %) and propane (0.6 vol. %) are found in fluid inclusions in calcite of veinlet in the rock from the well 28 of the Solotvyno structure, which includes the Solotvyno natural gas field. Only methane is found in closed rock pores. Natural gases of the Solotvyno gas field contain methane (53.86%), ethane (2.65%) and propane + butane (1.34-0.32%). СО2 contents as high as 97.3 vol. % occur in fluid inclusions in calcite of veinlets in rocks of the well 1 at Ruski Komarivtsi of the Mukachevo depression and 100 % in fluid inclusions in zeolite (?) from impregnates in rocks of the well 1 at Bushtyno of the Solotvyno depression. This can be explained by the activity of two different composition paleofluids, namely reduced or oxidating types present in bowels of the Transcarpathian Basin. They are associated with significant amount of reduced compounds (methane and its homologues) or a high concentration of oxidized compounds for their (mainly СО2). This was determined by differences in the composition of the primary high-energy abiogenic deep fluid: hydrocarbon-containing or carbon dioxide-containing. The gas composition of paleofluids indicates that two types of natural gas deposits may exist, mainly hydrocarbon or mainly carbon dioxide rich and, accordingly, the discovery of natural gas fields such as Solotvyno and carbon dioxide – such as Martovo. Hydrocarbon formation over a wide range of conditions and primary material ("oil polygenesis") allows the assessment of oil and gas resources of the region. A polygenetic approach for understanding hydrocarbon formation processes requires a changes in exploration strategy. More geochemical and thermobarometric research as well thermodynamic study of mineral-forming fluids is needed in promising geologic structures of the Transcarpathian gas-bearing area. This necessary, in order to predict possible occurrence of high-energy gas deposits and to determine areas for exploration.
{"title":"FEATURES OF THE FLUID REGIME OF POSTSEDIMENTOGENIC PROCESSES DURING THE FORMATION OF GAS CAPACITY OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN BASIN (WITHIN THE LIMITS OF UKRAINE)","authors":"I. Naumko, M. Pavlyuk, A. Loktiev, Yu.V. Khokha, В.E. Sakhno, Yu.A. Belеts’ka, N. Sava","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.099","url":null,"abstract":"Gases in migrating paleofluids of the Transcarpathian Basin in Ukraine proper were investigated. Their properties were analyzed using fluid inclusions in minerals and fluids occurring in closed pores of promising gas-bearing rocks. Samples were taken from wells drilled within the Mukachevo (1-Borodivsk-Novosilsk) and Solotvyno (1-Bushtyno, 4-Hrushovo, 1-Danylovo, 28-Solotvyno) depressions. According to the data from mass-spectrometric chemical analysis, methane and its homologues and carbon dioxide were found in the composition of volatile compounds, which coincides with the identified advantage of methane and its homologues, on the one hand, and carbon dioxide, on the other hand, in the natural gases of fields of the Transcarpathian gas-bearing area. Methane (98.2 vol. %), ethane (1.2 vol. %) and propane (0.6 vol. %) are found in fluid inclusions in calcite of veinlet in the rock from the well 28 of the Solotvyno structure, which includes the Solotvyno natural gas field. Only methane is found in closed rock pores. Natural gases of the Solotvyno gas field contain methane (53.86%), ethane (2.65%) and propane + butane (1.34-0.32%). СО2 contents as high as 97.3 vol. % occur in fluid inclusions in calcite of veinlets in rocks of the well 1 at Ruski Komarivtsi of the Mukachevo depression and 100 % in fluid inclusions in zeolite (?) from impregnates in rocks of the well 1 at Bushtyno of the Solotvyno depression. This can be explained by the activity of two different composition paleofluids, namely reduced or oxidating types present in bowels of the Transcarpathian Basin. They are associated with significant amount of reduced compounds (methane and its homologues) or a high concentration of oxidized compounds for their (mainly СО2). This was determined by differences in the composition of the primary high-energy abiogenic deep fluid: hydrocarbon-containing or carbon dioxide-containing. The gas composition of paleofluids indicates that two types of natural gas deposits may exist, mainly hydrocarbon or mainly carbon dioxide rich and, accordingly, the discovery of natural gas fields such as Solotvyno and carbon dioxide – such as Martovo. Hydrocarbon formation over a wide range of conditions and primary material (\"oil polygenesis\") allows the assessment of oil and gas resources of the region. A polygenetic approach for understanding hydrocarbon formation processes requires a changes in exploration strategy. More geochemical and thermobarometric research as well thermodynamic study of mineral-forming fluids is needed in promising geologic structures of the Transcarpathian gas-bearing area. This necessary, in order to predict possible occurrence of high-energy gas deposits and to determine areas for exploration.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.061
N. Kryuchenko, P.S. Paparуga, O. Zhuk, M. Kuhar
The results of research into the sources of carbon dioxide underground water within the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (CBR) are presented. According to the results of statistical processing of the results of the analysis of the chemical composition of water, the limits of the content of the components of the salt composition — SO42–, Cl–, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Na++K+, mineralization, pH value, temperature, as well as СО2 and a comparison with known mineral carbon dioxide were established the waters of the Caucasus — Arzni, Narzan, Borjomi. Possible sources of carbon dioxide inflow into groundwater are given. It has been established that the source of the Kveliv forestry of the Chornohirsky massif of the CBR is similar to the carbonated mineral waters of the Narzan type, the sources of the tracts of Hoverla, Piddil and Krasne Pleso are similar to the carbonated mineral spring of the Borjomi type. The microcomponent composition (As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, V, Cr, F) of the sources of carbonated waters of the CBR was determined, the median content and concentration coefficients were calculated, on the basis of which the source located in the Hoverla tract (the village of Lugi, Chornohirsky massif) was singled out CBR) has a content of cadmium, 20 times, lead — 9 times, and arsenic and chromium — 5 times higher than background. The possibility of enrichment of spring waters with microcomponents due to their inflow into underground waters from polymetallic ore deposits is considered.
{"title":"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WATER FROM THE SOURCES OF THE CARPATHIAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE","authors":"N. Kryuchenko, P.S. Paparуga, O. Zhuk, M. Kuhar","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.061","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research into the sources of carbon dioxide underground water within the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (CBR) are presented. According to the results of statistical processing of the results of the analysis of the chemical composition of water, the limits of the content of the components of the salt composition — SO42–, Cl–, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3–, Na++K+, mineralization, pH value, temperature, as well as СО2 and a comparison with known mineral carbon dioxide were established the waters of the Caucasus — Arzni, Narzan, Borjomi. Possible sources of carbon dioxide inflow into groundwater are given. It has been established that the source of the Kveliv forestry of the Chornohirsky massif of the CBR is similar to the carbonated mineral waters of the Narzan type, the sources of the tracts of Hoverla, Piddil and Krasne Pleso are similar to the carbonated mineral spring of the Borjomi type. The microcomponent composition (As, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, V, Cr, F) of the sources of carbonated waters of the CBR was determined, the median content and concentration coefficients were calculated, on the basis of which the source located in the Hoverla tract (the village of Lugi, Chornohirsky massif) was singled out CBR) has a content of cadmium, 20 times, lead — 9 times, and arsenic and chromium — 5 times higher than background. The possibility of enrichment of spring waters with microcomponents due to their inflow into underground waters from polymetallic ore deposits is considered.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.084
B. Shabalin, K. Yaroshenko, O. Lavrynenko, O. Pavlenko
The article reveals the regularities of the overall process of ozonolytic destruction of organic components of model drain water from nuclear power plants and sorption of imitators of the main dose-forming radionuclides (Cs — with the isotopic 137Cs label; stable isotopes of Co, Sr, Mn salts) by natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsky deposit and sorption-reagent compounds — salts of ferrous and manganese (II). The chemical composition of the main elements of zeolite after ozonation with the addition of iron and manganese salts practically does not differ from the composition of natural zeolite. Its phase composition in the ozonation process in the presence of ferrum salts is represented by the main rock-forming mineral clinoptilolite and the secondary mineral — quartz. The main ferrum-containing phase on the zeolite surface is goethite. Secondary phases include Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides (Green Rust) and lepidocrocite, but their relative content is insignificant. For zeolites, after ozonation with the addition of both ferrous and manganese (II) salts, the main phases are clinoptilolite and quartz. Manganese-containing phases on the zeolite surface are represented by hausmannite Mn3O4, manganese (II) oxide, and manganese oxyhydroxide MnO(OH)2. The iron- and manganese-containing phases deposited on the surface of the zeolite in the process of ozonation are mainly characterized by a weakly crystallized or amorphized structure. The main sorbent of dose-forming radionuclides is zeolite, not the iron- and manganese-containing compounds that formed on its surface during ozonolysis. The maximum degree of sorption of 137Cs by zeolite is up to 90% when the concentration of Fe2+ is increased to 50 mg/dm3 or Mn2+ to 100 mg/dm3. The degree of cobalt sorption is 97.5% at the initial typical concentration of competing cations (Fe2+ — 5 mg/dm3; Mn2+ — 10 mg/dm3) and when Mn2+ concentration increases to 100 mg/dm3. The maximum degree of extraction of Sr2+ and Mn2+ is 99.4% and 99.9%, respectively. For effective extraction of 137Cs and Co2+ by zeolite in the ozonation process, an increase in the concentration of competing Fe2+ cations is permissible — 50 mg/dm3; Mn2+ — 100 mg/dm3 in solutions. The efficiency of extraction of Sr2+ and Mn2+ practically does not depend on the concentration of competing cations (Fe2+, Mn2+) in the drain water solutions.
{"title":"THE CHEMICAL AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF NATURAL ZEOLITES AND THEIR SORPTION PROPERTIES DURING OZONATION WITH DRAIN WATER FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS","authors":"B. Shabalin, K. Yaroshenko, O. Lavrynenko, O. Pavlenko","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.084","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the regularities of the overall process of ozonolytic destruction of organic components of model drain water from nuclear power plants and sorption of imitators of the main dose-forming radionuclides (Cs — with the isotopic 137Cs label; stable isotopes of Co, Sr, Mn salts) by natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsky deposit and sorption-reagent compounds — salts of ferrous and manganese (II). The chemical composition of the main elements of zeolite after ozonation with the addition of iron and manganese salts practically does not differ from the composition of natural zeolite. Its phase composition in the ozonation process in the presence of ferrum salts is represented by the main rock-forming mineral clinoptilolite and the secondary mineral — quartz. The main ferrum-containing phase on the zeolite surface is goethite. Secondary phases include Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides (Green Rust) and lepidocrocite, but their relative content is insignificant. For zeolites, after ozonation with the addition of both ferrous and manganese (II) salts, the main phases are clinoptilolite and quartz. Manganese-containing phases on the zeolite surface are represented by hausmannite Mn3O4, manganese (II) oxide, and manganese oxyhydroxide MnO(OH)2. The iron- and manganese-containing phases deposited on the surface of the zeolite in the process of ozonation are mainly characterized by a weakly crystallized or amorphized structure. The main sorbent of dose-forming radionuclides is zeolite, not the iron- and manganese-containing compounds that formed on its surface during ozonolysis. The maximum degree of sorption of 137Cs by zeolite is up to 90% when the concentration of Fe2+ is increased to 50 mg/dm3 or Mn2+ to 100 mg/dm3. The degree of cobalt sorption is 97.5% at the initial typical concentration of competing cations (Fe2+ — 5 mg/dm3; Mn2+ — 10 mg/dm3) and when Mn2+ concentration increases to 100 mg/dm3. The maximum degree of extraction of Sr2+ and Mn2+ is 99.4% and 99.9%, respectively. For effective extraction of 137Cs and Co2+ by zeolite in the ozonation process, an increase in the concentration of competing Fe2+ cations is permissible — 50 mg/dm3; Mn2+ — 100 mg/dm3 in solutions. The efficiency of extraction of Sr2+ and Mn2+ practically does not depend on the concentration of competing cations (Fe2+, Mn2+) in the drain water solutions.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.040
O. Vovk, I. Naumko, V. Pavlyshyn
Topaz crystal morphology and habit distortion has been studied in various mineral-structural zones of chamber pegmatites of the Korosten pluton, which is located in north-western part of the Ukrainian Shield. It was assumed that the symmetry of the crystals obey the Curie principle. This means that only the symmetry elements common to the crystal and the medium in which it is formed will remain on real polyhedrons. The types of symmetry that contain the axes of infinite order are reduced to the following groups: 1) ∞L∞∞PC is a ball; 2) ∞L∞ is a ball filled with an optically active liquid; 3) L∞∞L2∞PПC is a cylinder; 4) L∞ПС is a rotating cylinder; 5) L∞∞P is a cone; 6) L∞∞L2 is a twisted cylinder; 7) L∞ is a rotating cone. Symmetry of the real fluid-dynamic situation of the mineral-forming medium of topaz-bearing parageneses often evolves in the following way: ∞L∞∞PC → L∞∞P → P. In this case, the flow of the mineral-forming fluid has the symmetry P. The resulting topaz crystals can have P symmetry if their symmetry plane coincides with the flow symmetry plane, otherwise they have no symmetry elements at all. In particular, it is shown for the first crystals that the upper faces grew faster, and their size is smaller than that of the lower ones. Growth was limited by the supply of the necessary fluid to the growing crystal faces. Hence, it follows that the fluid flow was in the direction from top to bottom. If the planes of symmetry of the fluid flow and of the polyhedron do not coincide, then visually triclinic crystals of the second type are formed. They are much more abundant than the ones of the first type. In addition to these two types, polyhedra with external symmetry L2 are found. It is difficult to imagine an environment with such symmetry because; it is unlikely that an attached crystal would grow between two fluid streams moving in opposite directions. Nevertheless, polyhedra flattened along the faces M {110} and less often along l {120} are frequent. That is, they grew in the environment in which the fluid flow moved in a direction parallel to the {110} faces (and less often {120}), in the direction from the smaller faces of a simple forms to the larger ones. The direction of fluid flow is more difficult to establish, with more or less the same development of the faces of the simple form of the topaz crystal.
{"title":"GENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF VARIATIONS IN THE FACES OF THE SIMPLE FORMS OF TOPAZ CRYSTAL FROM CHAMBER PEGMATITES OF THE KOROSTEN PLUTON (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)","authors":"O. Vovk, I. Naumko, V. Pavlyshyn","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.03.040","url":null,"abstract":"Topaz crystal morphology and habit distortion has been studied in various mineral-structural zones of chamber pegmatites of the Korosten pluton, which is located in north-western part of the Ukrainian Shield. It was assumed that the symmetry of the crystals obey the Curie principle. This means that only the symmetry elements common to the crystal and the medium in which it is formed will remain on real polyhedrons. The types of symmetry that contain the axes of infinite order are reduced to the following groups: 1) ∞L∞∞PC is a ball; 2) ∞L∞ is a ball filled with an optically active liquid; 3) L∞∞L2∞PПC is a cylinder; 4) L∞ПС is a rotating cylinder; 5) L∞∞P is a cone; 6) L∞∞L2 is a twisted cylinder; 7) L∞ is a rotating cone. Symmetry of the real fluid-dynamic situation of the mineral-forming medium of topaz-bearing parageneses often evolves in the following way: ∞L∞∞PC → L∞∞P → P. In this case, the flow of the mineral-forming fluid has the symmetry P. The resulting topaz crystals can have P symmetry if their symmetry plane coincides with the flow symmetry plane, otherwise they have no symmetry elements at all. In particular, it is shown for the first crystals that the upper faces grew faster, and their size is smaller than that of the lower ones. Growth was limited by the supply of the necessary fluid to the growing crystal faces. Hence, it follows that the fluid flow was in the direction from top to bottom. If the planes of symmetry of the fluid flow and of the polyhedron do not coincide, then visually triclinic crystals of the second type are formed. They are much more abundant than the ones of the first type. In addition to these two types, polyhedra with external symmetry L2 are found. It is difficult to imagine an environment with such symmetry because; it is unlikely that an attached crystal would grow between two fluid streams moving in opposite directions. Nevertheless, polyhedra flattened along the faces M {110} and less often along l {120} are frequent. That is, they grew in the environment in which the fluid flow moved in a direction parallel to the {110} faces (and less often {120}), in the direction from the smaller faces of a simple forms to the larger ones. The direction of fluid flow is more difficult to establish, with more or less the same development of the faces of the simple form of the topaz crystal.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.02.060
B. Shabalin, K. Yaroshenko, O. Lavrynenko, N. Mitsiuk
The mineral composition and sorption properties of precipitates formed during ozonation of a model solution simulating nuclear power plant wastewater (total mineralization 7 g/dm3, pH = 11.5, T = 60°C, t = 2 hours) 137Cs were studied. The precipitate is represented by finely dispersed spherical particles of metal oxides ranging in size from 20 to 30 nm, forming microaggregates and their associates of various shapes. The composition of the precipitates, along with X-ray amorphous phases, includes Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides (Green Rust), as well as LDH of mixed composition, in particular Fe-Co, and iron oxyhydroxides — goethite and lepidocrocite. The precipitates also contain manganese-containing phases represented by manganese (IV) hydroxide and manganese (II) carbonate with an admixture of manganese oxides, such as Mn2O3∙H2O, MnO, Mn3O4 (gaussmanite). In the process of ozonation, organic compounds that are part of the solutions undergo destruction, co-precipitation with other components of the solution, which is accompanied by the sorption of 137Cs radionuclides on the surface of mineral particles. An increase in the concentration of Fe2+ and Mn2+ cations by 10 times (up to 50 and 100 mg/dm3, respectively) in wastewater reduces the concentration of 137Cs in the initial solution by 50.5%.
{"title":"MINERAL COMPOSITION AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF PRECIPITATES FORMED DURING OZONATION OF RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED WATER FROM NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS TOWARDS 137Cs","authors":"B. Shabalin, K. Yaroshenko, O. Lavrynenko, N. Mitsiuk","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.02.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.02.060","url":null,"abstract":"The mineral composition and sorption properties of precipitates formed during ozonation of a model solution simulating nuclear power plant wastewater (total mineralization 7 g/dm3, pH = 11.5, T = 60°C, t = 2 hours) 137Cs were studied. The precipitate is represented by finely dispersed spherical particles of metal oxides ranging in size from 20 to 30 nm, forming microaggregates and their associates of various shapes. The composition of the precipitates, along with X-ray amorphous phases, includes Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxides (Green Rust), as well as LDH of mixed composition, in particular Fe-Co, and iron oxyhydroxides — goethite and lepidocrocite. The precipitates also contain manganese-containing phases represented by manganese (IV) hydroxide and manganese (II) carbonate with an admixture of manganese oxides, such as Mn2O3∙H2O, MnO, Mn3O4 (gaussmanite). In the process of ozonation, organic compounds that are part of the solutions undergo destruction, co-precipitation with other components of the solution, which is accompanied by the sorption of 137Cs radionuclides on the surface of mineral particles. An increase in the concentration of Fe2+ and Mn2+ cations by 10 times (up to 50 and 100 mg/dm3, respectively) in wastewater reduces the concentration of 137Cs in the initial solution by 50.5%.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.125
V. Sukach, L. Riazantseva, S. Bondarenko, M.S. Kotenko
The Balka Zolota gold-molybdenum deposit is located in the central part of the Solone ore field in the southern part of the Sura greenstone structure of the Middle Dnipro megablock of the Ukrainian Shield. Molybdenum mineralization is confined to the eastern flank of the deposit and is termed as the Solone occurrence. Main questions are address in this study of thе occurrence: i) the discovery and study of the deposit, ii) the composition of wall rock complex, iii) the structural position and localization of molybdenum mineralization, iv) the morphology of ore-bearing zones and ore bodies, (v) the composition of the ores, (vi) the ore mineral associations and the sequence of their formation, (vii) morphological features of molybdenite and (viii) a general analysis on the genesis of molybdenum mineralization. Mining of molybdenum ore of Balka Zolota deposit is possible in the case of output, first of all, gold ores. It can be realized more realistically after the start of mining operations within the Serhiivka gold-molybdenum deposit. Further geological exploration focusing on the Balka Zolota deposit is needed to assess the resources and reserves potential of the gold and molybdenum mineralization, especially on the eastern flank of the deposit.
{"title":"MOLYBDENUM MINERALIZATION OF BALKA ZOLOTA Au-Mo DEPOSIT (MIDDLE DNIPRO, UKRAINIAN SHIELD)","authors":"V. Sukach, L. Riazantseva, S. Bondarenko, M.S. Kotenko","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.04.125","url":null,"abstract":"The Balka Zolota gold-molybdenum deposit is located in the central part of the Solone ore field in the southern part of the Sura greenstone structure of the Middle Dnipro megablock of the Ukrainian Shield. Molybdenum mineralization is confined to the eastern flank of the deposit and is termed as the Solone occurrence. Main questions are address in this study of thе occurrence: i) the discovery and study of the deposit, ii) the composition of wall rock complex, iii) the structural position and localization of molybdenum mineralization, iv) the morphology of ore-bearing zones and ore bodies, (v) the composition of the ores, (vi) the ore mineral associations and the sequence of their formation, (vii) morphological features of molybdenite and (viii) a general analysis on the genesis of molybdenum mineralization. Mining of molybdenum ore of Balka Zolota deposit is possible in the case of output, first of all, gold ores. It can be realized more realistically after the start of mining operations within the Serhiivka gold-molybdenum deposit. Further geological exploration focusing on the Balka Zolota deposit is needed to assess the resources and reserves potential of the gold and molybdenum mineralization, especially on the eastern flank of the deposit.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67127143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.15407/mineraljournal.44.01.048
G. Artemenko, L. Stepanyuk, L.S. Dovbysh, B. Borodynya
The Paleoproterozoic crust formation in the Azov domain remains underexplored. In the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic, the Azov segment of the Archean crust was fragmented by large rift structures. This stage is associated with the formation of Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic sedimentary-volcanic complexes of the Central Azov Series (2.76-2.22 Ga) and extensive granitoid magmatism. The research aimed at studying granitoid intrusions in the Zachativka-Fedorivka anticline in the Mangush synclinorium of the Central Azov region from the geochemical perspective. Granitoids of the Zachativka-Fedorivka anticline in the Mangush synclinorium include granitoids and later pegmatoidal granites. Plagiogranitoids are moderate-potassium rocks of the K-Na series, with predominance of Na2O over K2O and low Rb/Sr ratio (0.03). They are divided into plagiogranites with low contents of HFS elements and positive europium anomalies and granodiorites with higher contents of HFS elements and predominantly negative europium anomalies. The U-Pb age of titanite from granodiorites is 2028±47 Ma. This age corresponds to the closure of the U-Pb isotope system of titanite and thus reflects the minimum age of granodiorite. The 207Pb/206Pb age of zircon from granites is 2.07-2.09 Ga. The formation of the Paleoproterozoic granitoids of the Central Azov may be related to the activization of the mantle beneath the Azov domain during the formation of the East Sarmatian orogen at ca. 2.1 Ga. They could have formed because of partial melting of the lower crust because of underplating of mafic melts. The 2.05 Ga old vein bodies of pegmatoidal subalkaline granites, were probably formed at the stage of collision of the Sarmatia and Volga-Ural continents.
{"title":"GRANITOIDS OF THE ZACHATIVKA-FEDORIVKA ANTICLINE IN THE MANGUSH SYNCLINORIUM: GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES, ORIGIN, AND AGE (AZOV DOMAIN OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD)","authors":"G. Artemenko, L. Stepanyuk, L.S. Dovbysh, B. Borodynya","doi":"10.15407/mineraljournal.44.01.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.44.01.048","url":null,"abstract":"The Paleoproterozoic crust formation in the Azov domain remains underexplored. In the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic, the Azov segment of the Archean crust was fragmented by large rift structures. This stage is associated with the formation of Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic sedimentary-volcanic complexes of the Central Azov Series (2.76-2.22 Ga) and extensive granitoid magmatism. The research aimed at studying granitoid intrusions in the Zachativka-Fedorivka anticline in the Mangush synclinorium of the Central Azov region from the geochemical perspective. Granitoids of the Zachativka-Fedorivka anticline in the Mangush synclinorium include granitoids and later pegmatoidal granites. Plagiogranitoids are moderate-potassium rocks of the K-Na series, with predominance of Na2O over K2O and low Rb/Sr ratio (0.03). They are divided into plagiogranites with low contents of HFS elements and positive europium anomalies and granodiorites with higher contents of HFS elements and predominantly negative europium anomalies. The U-Pb age of titanite from granodiorites is 2028±47 Ma. This age corresponds to the closure of the U-Pb isotope system of titanite and thus reflects the minimum age of granodiorite. The 207Pb/206Pb age of zircon from granites is 2.07-2.09 Ga. The formation of the Paleoproterozoic granitoids of the Central Azov may be related to the activization of the mantle beneath the Azov domain during the formation of the East Sarmatian orogen at ca. 2.1 Ga. They could have formed because of partial melting of the lower crust because of underplating of mafic melts. The 2.05 Ga old vein bodies of pegmatoidal subalkaline granites, were probably formed at the stage of collision of the Sarmatia and Volga-Ural continents.","PeriodicalId":53834,"journal":{"name":"Mineralogical Journal-Ukraine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67126750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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