Pub Date : 2024-04-08DOI: 10.1163/18770703-14010002
Jorge Díaz Ceballos
Although there never was a representative Cortes for the New World, and American cities were never summoned to take part in those held in Castile until 1812, every city or town, no matter its size or population, found ways to communicate and negotiate directly with the Crown and take an active part in politics. Shortly after their foundation, Spanish cities in the New World were granted permission by the Crown to appoint representatives to assist in their affairs, defend them before royal councils and tribunals, and pursue their rights, among other functions. The cities of Castilla del Oro – present day Panama – provide a case study of how representatives of American councils acquired urban privileges. Their example highlights the role of the individual and collective agents who actually defined its politics and so provides a more balanced interpretation of the construction and management of power in the Spanish Monarchy. Ultimately, to understand how it functioned, we need to look beyond the formal government institutions that have dominated accounts of its operation.
{"title":"From Castilla del Oro to the Royal Court and Back: Cities and Political Representation in the Spanish Atlantic, 1510–1573","authors":"Jorge Díaz Ceballos","doi":"10.1163/18770703-14010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-14010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although there never was a representative Cortes for the New World, and American cities were never summoned to take part in those held in Castile until 1812, every city or town, no matter its size or population, found ways to communicate and negotiate directly with the Crown and take an active part in politics. Shortly after their foundation, Spanish cities in the New World were granted permission by the Crown to appoint representatives to assist in their affairs, defend them before royal councils and tribunals, and pursue their rights, among other functions. The cities of Castilla del Oro – present day Panama – provide a case study of how representatives of American councils acquired urban privileges. Their example highlights the role of the individual and collective agents who actually defined its politics and so provides a more balanced interpretation of the construction and management of power in the Spanish Monarchy. Ultimately, to understand how it functioned, we need to look beyond the formal government institutions that have dominated accounts of its operation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020004
J. Michel Marcoux
Modern scholarship shows the enormity of Quaker religious sect misbehaviors starting about 1656 across colonial New England, including Quaker attacks on Plymouth Colony. After William Bradford’s 1657 death during that furor, Thomas Prence served as Plymouth governor for a third time. Prence made many valuable contributions to Plymouth and New England generally. However, unsurpassed among those achievements, his stout defense of Plymouth’s scripture based, separatist Puritan religious settlement against such Quaker attacks was especially meritorious. Scholarly insistence today on the vehemence of the threats posed to Plymouth by Quaker attackers, ca. 1656–62, validates continued appreciation of Prence’s disciplined responsive actions, emphatically voiced by Cotton Mather in the early 18th century.
{"title":"No “Terror To Good Works, But To The Evil”","authors":"J. Michel Marcoux","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020004","url":null,"abstract":"Modern scholarship shows the enormity of Quaker religious sect misbehaviors starting about 1656 across colonial New England, including Quaker attacks on Plymouth Colony. After William Bradford’s 1657 death during that furor, Thomas Prence served as Plymouth governor for a third time. Prence made many valuable contributions to Plymouth and New England generally. However, unsurpassed among those achievements, his stout defense of Plymouth’s scripture based, separatist Puritan religious settlement against such Quaker attacks was especially meritorious. Scholarly insistence today on the vehemence of the threats posed to Plymouth by Quaker attackers, ca. 1656–62, validates continued appreciation of Prence’s disciplined responsive actions, emphatically voiced by Cotton Mather in the early 18th century.","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"72 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020003
Philip Dingeldey
Against those who argue that the term democracy only became a broadly positive term in the 19th century, this article shows that it already had become a positive political term in the 1790s in the USA. With the Jeffersonian revolution, groups that used democracy positively triumphed over the anti-democratic Federalists. By transforming the connotation of the word democracy, however, Democratic Republicans also transformed the concept/theory associated with it – from radical direct democracy to a representative system.
{"title":"The Jeffersonian Republicans and the Democratic Movement","authors":"Philip Dingeldey","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020003","url":null,"abstract":"Against those who argue that the term <jats:italic>democracy</jats:italic> only became a broadly positive term in the 19th century, this article shows that it already had become a positive political term in the 1790s in the USA. With the Jeffersonian revolution, groups that used <jats:italic>democracy</jats:italic> positively triumphed over the anti-democratic Federalists. By transforming the connotation of the word <jats:italic>democracy</jats:italic>, however, Democratic Republicans also transformed the concept/theory associated with it – from radical direct democracy to a representative system.","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020001
David Wheat, Xabier Lamikiz, Roberto Zaugg, April Lee Hatfield, Filipa Ribeiro da Silva, L.H. Roper, Alejandro García-Montón
The study of the trans-Atlantic slave trade is becoming increasingly sophisticated, diverse, and international. Challenging prevailing stereotypes about the dominance of northern European business interests, García Montón’s study shows the persistent vigor of Genoa’s merchant community in this examination of the asiento system that emerged in the mid-seventeenth century and continued into the mid-eighteenth century. Along the way, he also illuminates the slave trade’s connections to many other forms of trade, legitimate and illegitimate, on both sides of the Atlantic. Impressed with his research and approach, these six reviewers discuss its implications for a variety of international contexts, from Central Europe to Italy, Iberia, England, and the Caribbean, including the profitability of the asiento trade and the many different people who participated in and benefitted from it on both sides of the Atlantic. It emerges that the asiento was about much more than just the slave trade. Its profits and trading networks helped integrate the different imperial economies with footholds in the Caribbean. Drawing on the wealth of new scholarship from these different historiographies, they raise some questions about elements that García Montón did not pursue fully in the book. He responds with additional research to address some of those issues, while also calling for more research on the interconnected “asiento worlds” that are one of the most fascinating and unanticipated results of his research.
{"title":"An Atlantic Slave Trade Stretching from the Mediterranean to the Caribbean and Beyond","authors":"David Wheat, Xabier Lamikiz, Roberto Zaugg, April Lee Hatfield, Filipa Ribeiro da Silva, L.H. Roper, Alejandro García-Montón","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020001","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the trans-Atlantic slave trade is becoming increasingly sophisticated, diverse, and international. Challenging prevailing stereotypes about the dominance of northern European business interests, García Montón’s study shows the persistent vigor of Genoa’s merchant community in this examination of the asiento system that emerged in the mid-seventeenth century and continued into the mid-eighteenth century. Along the way, he also illuminates the slave trade’s connections to many other forms of trade, legitimate and illegitimate, on both sides of the Atlantic. Impressed with his research and approach, these six reviewers discuss its implications for a variety of international contexts, from Central Europe to Italy, Iberia, England, and the Caribbean, including the profitability of the asiento trade and the many different people who participated in and benefitted from it on both sides of the Atlantic. It emerges that the asiento was about much more than just the slave trade. Its profits and trading networks helped integrate the different imperial economies with footholds in the Caribbean. Drawing on the wealth of new scholarship from these different historiographies, they raise some questions about elements that García Montón did not pursue fully in the book. He responds with additional research to address some of those issues, while also calling for more research on the interconnected “asiento worlds” that are one of the most fascinating and unanticipated results of his research.","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-21DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020002
Lior Blum
The history of the English Guinea Company (1618–1657) – the circumstances of its establishment in particular – has not drawn much attention from scholars during the last seventy years. Thus, this article focuses on the process leading to the foundation and chartering of the Guinea Company in November 1618, as well as on the company’s role in the history of English activity in West Africa. Using a re-discovered Chancery court case, it argues that the establishment of the company was the outcome of the convergence of two separate commercial trajectories: the development of the camwood trade in the 1610s and the gold-hunting trend that characterized the early stages of England’s overseas expansion process. This outcome, it is further argued, was a turning point in the history of English activity in West Africa, creating the platform that enabled the English to emerge as prominent players in the region in the 1670s.
{"title":"From Scarlet to Gold","authors":"Lior Blum","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020002","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the English Guinea Company (1618–1657) – the circumstances of its establishment in particular – has not drawn much attention from scholars during the last seventy years. Thus, this article focuses on the process leading to the foundation and chartering of the Guinea Company in November 1618, as well as on the company’s role in the history of English activity in West Africa. Using a re-discovered Chancery court case, it argues that the establishment of the company was the outcome of the convergence of two separate commercial trajectories: the development of the camwood trade in the 1610s and the gold-hunting trend that characterized the early stages of England’s overseas expansion process. This outcome, it is further argued, was a turning point in the history of English activity in West Africa, creating the platform that enabled the English to emerge as prominent players in the region in the 1670s.","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020012
Tomasz Rudowski
{"title":"Haiti. The Origins of the State and the Nation, written by Tadeusz Łepkowski","authors":"Tomasz Rudowski","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020005
David Silverman
{"title":"Heathen: Religion and Race in American History, written by Kathryn Gin Lum","authors":"David Silverman","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020011
Kris E. Lane
{"title":"El control de la corrupción en la Monarquía Hispánica. La Casa de la Contratación (1642–1660), written by Alfonso Jesús Heredia López","authors":"Kris E. Lane","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020015
Rasmus Christensen
{"title":"Sea and Land: An Environmental History of the Caribbean, written by Philip D. Morgan, J.R. McNeill, Matthew Mulcahy, and Stuart B. Schwartz","authors":"Rasmus Christensen","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"58 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1163/18770703-13020006
É. Roulet
{"title":"La domination comme expérience européenne et américaine à l’époque moderne, edited by David Chaunu and Séverin Duc","authors":"É. Roulet","doi":"10.1163/18770703-13020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18770703-13020006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53896,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Early American History","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139278430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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