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Passive Control Tolerant to Sensing Faults in dynamic compensation devices - SVC through a hybrid strategy 基于混合策略的动态补偿装置的被动容错控制——SVC
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-02 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.03
J. Ramírez, L. Ortiz, A. Águila
For this research, a passive fault tolerant control system is developed for a static reactive compensator coupled to a microgrid in connected mode, oriented to those faults that result as a consequence of common damages in their sensing systems. The proposed method uses a robust optimal controller by H and artificial neural networks as a nonlinear estimation method. Simulations, validation, plant identification and controller design are carried out using a microgrid Benchmark system, programmed in Matlab/Simulink. The research shows valuable results such as: the improvement in the reliability and resilience of static compensators against sensing failures, improvements in the behavior of the output signal of the static compensator controller exposed to sensing failures and the decrease in error with respect to classic controller.
在本研究中,针对静态无功补偿器在微电网连接模式下的常见故障,开发了一种无源容错控制系统。该方法采用基于H的鲁棒最优控制器和人工神经网络作为非线性估计方法。利用Matlab/Simulink编写的微电网基准系统进行了仿真、验证、对象识别和控制器设计。研究结果表明:静态补偿器在感知故障时的可靠性和弹性得到了提高,静态补偿器控制器在感知故障时输出信号的行为得到了改善,与传统控制器相比误差减小。
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引用次数: 2
Plataforma de enseñanza a distancia de microcontroladores e internet de las cosas 微控制器和物联网远程学习平台
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.05
Renata Pereira, Cleonilson De Souza, Darwin Patiño, J. Lata
Debido al creciente desarrollo tecnológico de los sistemas embebidos y el internet de las cosas (IoT), los dispositivos basados en microcontroladores se aplican cada vez más en diversas áreas del conocimiento. En este contexto, las plataformas y productos educativos online se consideran laboratorios virtuales remotos, ya que los estudiantes pueden acceder a los dispositivos físicos en cualquier lugar siempre que dispongan de un sistema informático conectado a internet. En este sentido, este trabajo describe el diseño y desarrollo de una plataforma con cuatro productos educativos online para la enseñanza de microcontroladores y IoT. Estos productos educativos están basados en software de código abierto, lo que permite su distribución gratuita en línea y se puede acceder a ellos desde un servidor en la nube. El enfoque de código abierto y multiplataforma (Linux, Windows® y Mac OSX) permite una mayor interacción y accesibilidad del usuario. Los productos educativos en línea hacen posible la programación del firmware de ESP32 de forma remota a través de OTA (over the air) y de sistemas embebidos Linux basados en Raspberry Pi (Rpi). Además, los productos educativos en línea permiten manipular los pines a través de la interfaz gráfica de los microcontroladores ESP32 y ESP8266, así como del Rpi. Como resultado, se prueba la plataforma en línea propuesta, ejecutada en un servidor en la nube, y se validaron los cuatro productos educativos de aprendizaje a distancia y la aplicación real de microcontroladores e IoT se encuentran operativos tal como fueron diseñados.
由于嵌入式系统和物联网(IoT)技术的不断发展,基于微控制器的设备越来越多地应用于各个知识领域。在这种情况下,在线教育平台和产品被认为是远程虚拟实验室,因为学生可以在任何地方访问物理设备,只要他们有一个连接到互联网的计算机系统。在这个意义上,这项工作描述了一个平台的设计和开发,其中有四种在线教育产品,用于教学微控制器和物联网。这些教育产品基于开源软件,允许在线免费分发,并可以从云服务器访问。开源和跨平台的方法(Linux, Windows®和Mac OSX)允许更多的交互和用户可访问性。在线教育产品使通过OTA (over the air)和基于Raspberry Pi (Rpi)的嵌入式Linux系统远程编程ESP32固件成为可能。此外,在线教育产品允许通过ESP32和ESP8266微控制器的图形界面以及Rpi操作引脚。因此,在云服务器上运行的在线平台进行了测试,四种远程学习教育产品进行了验证,微控制器和物联网的实际应用按照设计运行。
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引用次数: 1
Considerations in the design of electrical substations, including the effect of potential gradient on surrounding metallic structures 变电站设计中的考虑因素,包括电位梯度对周围金属结构的影响
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.01
Wilo Chiliquinga, Pablo Robles
For designing and studying an electrical substation grounding system [GS], a simple remote substation is considered according to the safety procedures indicated in the IEEE 80 Standard. Buried metallic materials or nearby metallic structures permanently endanger human life when electrical faults occur. Scenarios related to the design of electrical substations that consider the transfer of electrical potentials that can occur between the GS and buried metallic materials in their vicinity are presented, the behavior of potential transfer is evaluated, values of transferred voltages are calculated, and the main variables that influence the transferred voltage levels are identified. The simulations are performed with the CYMGRD software specific for GS calculations. Its analysis generates real results in the potential transfer that must be considered by the GS design engineer, which enables to avoid designing isolated substations without taking into account existing elements that may affect the substation surroundings.
在设计和研究变电站接地系统[GS]时,根据IEEE 80标准中规定的安全程序考虑一个简单的远程变电站。当发生电气故障时,埋藏的金属材料或附近的金属结构将永久危及人类的生命。本文介绍了考虑GS和附近埋地金属材料之间可能发生的电势转移的变电站设计相关场景,评估了电势转移的行为,计算了转移电压的值,并确定了影响转移电压水平的主要变量。模拟是用专用于GS计算的CYMGRD软件进行的。它的分析产生了GS设计工程师必须考虑的电位传递的真实结果,从而避免在设计孤立变电站时不考虑可能影响变电站周围环境的现有因素。
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引用次数: 0
Location of distributed resources in rural-urban marginal power grids considering the voltage collapse prediction index 考虑电压崩溃预测指标的城乡边缘电网分布式资源定位
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.02
Ana B. Lemus, D. Carrión, E. Aguirre, Jorge W. González
This research focuses on the georeferenced location of distributed resources, specifically the injection of active power through distributed generation. A rural-urban marginal feeder of a distribution company in Ecuador with georeferenced information was taken as a case study, which has a three-phase primary link at a medium voltage and several single-phase branches at a medium voltage of great length to supply users who are far away from the local company's network. Consequently, to analyze the behavior of the electrical network, the Cymdist software was used to perform simulations in a steady state without and with the insertion of distributed generation. For the location of the distributed generation, the voltage collapse prediction index was used as a technique for quantifying and identifying problems in the network nodes. Moreover, based on the proposed methodology, the optimal georeferencing of the sites where it is necessary to inject active power to improve the voltage profiles and reduce the voltage collapse prediction index was obtained.
本研究的重点是分布式资源的地理参考位置,特别是通过分布式发电注入有功功率。以厄瓜多尔某配电公司具有地理参考信息的城乡边缘馈线为例,该馈线具有三相中压主链路和多个单相中压长支路,为远离当地公司电网的用户供电。因此,为了分析电网的行为,使用Cymdist软件在无分布式发电和插入分布式发电的稳态下进行了模拟。对于分布式发电的位置,采用电压崩溃预测指标作为一种量化和识别网络节点问题的技术。此外,基于所提出的方法,获得了需要注入有功功率的站点的最佳地理参考,以改善电压分布,降低电压崩溃预测指数。
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引用次数: 1
Análisis comparativo de confort térmico de vivienda unifamiliar en LSF frente a mampostería LSF单户住宅与砖石建筑热舒适的比较分析
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.10
Rodrigo Brito-Peña, Daniel Villa-Enderica, Esteban Zalamea-León
La construcción residencial en Ecuador ha crecido un 35,6 %. El sistema constructivo típico para envolvente de viviendas es de bloque de concreto o de ladrillo, la construcción en LSF (Light Steel Framing) o marcos de acero galvanizado (LSF) está en surgimiento. Para solucionar la demanda habitacional se evalúa el confort interior térmico de una de vivienda unifamiliar de dos plantas en la ciudad de Cuenca con ambos sistemas constructivos para conocer los estándares de confort que ofrecen las viviendas en concordancia con la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción (NEC). La investigación se realizó con Design Builder y Therm donde se analizan los parámetros que influyen en el desempeño energético de las viviendas. Con las condiciones locales, el sistema predominante alcanza valores de confort térmico horario anual del 51 %, pero el sistema LSF alcanza un 62 %. Sin embargo, con estrategias de mejoramiento en la globalidad de la envolvente, el LSF alcanza el 86 %. Las variables en orden de mayor a menor influencia térmica resultaron: infiltraciones de aire, sistema constructivo de la envolvente e implantación de la vivienda. En Cuenca es posible el uso del LSF con aislamiento mínimo para alcanzar niveles aceptables de confort, siendo una alternativa adecuada a promover para edificar viviendas unifamiliares.
厄瓜多尔的住宅建设增长了35.6%。房屋围护结构的典型建筑系统是混凝土块或砖,LSF(轻钢框架)或镀锌钢框架(LSF)正在兴起。为了解决住房需求,我们评估了昆卡市一座两层单户住宅的室内热舒适,这两种建筑系统都符合厄瓜多尔建筑规范(NEC)提供的舒适标准。这项研究是与Design Builder和Therm合作进行的,分析了影响房屋能源性能的参数。在当地条件下,主要系统达到了51%的年热舒适值,但LSF系统达到了62%。然而,通过全面的改善策略,LSF达到了86%。本研究的目的是评估建筑围护结构的热影响,并评估其对建筑的影响。在昆卡,可以使用绝缘最低的LSF,以达到可接受的舒适水平,这是推广建造独户住宅的合适替代方案。
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引用次数: 2
Design and validation of IoT measurement system for photovoltaic generation 光伏发电物联网测量系统的设计与验证
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.04
Thiago Angelino dos Santos, Filipe Gomes de Freitas, Diego Lima Carvalho Gonçalves, Luis M. Fernández‐Ramírez
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems for electricity generation is constantly growing in Brazil. With the reduction in the price of PV modules and the implementation of the electric power compensation system by the power distributor, the consumer is investing in PV microgeneration to reduce the electricity bill. This article aims to develop an embedded system in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). Having an IoT monitoring system applied to a grid-connected PV system in an educational institution helps teach concepts such as IoT and PV generation. The system is based on the ESP32 development board for acquiring DC voltage and current generated by a 1.35 kWp PV system connected to the grid and installed at the IFCE. This proposal offers a low-cost educational solution using open source and programmable hardware, which sends the data to a database in the cloud, enabling remote access worldwide. Then, using the data analysis methodology, it was possible to validate the values measured with the inverter installed with an error below 1% for the voltage and current acquired during one day. With this result, it is concluded that the designed IoT system can be used for measurement in PV systems.
在巴西,光伏发电系统的使用正在不断增长。随着光伏组件价格的降低和电力分销商电力补偿制度的实施,消费者正在投资光伏微发电以减少电费。本文旨在开发物联网(IoT)背景下的嵌入式系统。将物联网监控系统应用于教育机构的并网光伏系统,有助于教授物联网和光伏发电等概念。该系统基于ESP32开发板,用于获取由连接到电网并安装在IFCE的1.35 kWp光伏系统产生的直流电压和电流。该方案提供了一种使用开源和可编程硬件的低成本教育解决方案,将数据发送到云中的数据库,从而实现全球远程访问。然后,使用数据分析方法,可以验证安装了逆变器的测量值,在一天内获得的电压和电流的误差低于1%。由此得出结论,所设计的物联网系统可用于光伏系统的测量。
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引用次数: 2
Structural and Modal Analysis Of Adapter Plates For Hydraulic Hammers And Skid Steers Under Real Work Condition 液压锤和滑橇转向器接头板在实际工况下的结构与模态分析
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.09
Yuri Villa, Trevor Vook, Jorge L. Villa, P. Carbajal, Leonardo Barrera, Max Florez
In Perú the necessity of facility projects such as gas line installation for residents has increased the demand for use of Hydraulic Hammers (HH) with Skid Steers due to the lower amount of investment needed in comparison to other packs of machinery and the versatility. The ability to interchange hydraulic hammers and buckets to complete the demolition and cleaning stages offers higher productivity than manual operations for contractors. For that reason, the virtual design software Inventor Professional was used to design a suitable adapter plate with adequate resistance and durability which has a direct impact on the structure of the hydraulic hammer and the hydraulic arm of the skid steers. Simultaneously, a basic animation was developed to explain the effect of the operation style over the hydraulic hammer and the adapter plate. Finally, for this development, the construction of an adapter plate as a fuse in the system was considered in case operators exceed the resistance capacity of the hydraulic hammer structure.
在Perú,设施项目的必要性,如居民的天然气管道安装,增加了使用液压锤(HH)与Skid Steers的需求,因为与其他机械包和多功能性相比,所需的投资较少。更换液压锤和铲斗来完成拆除和清洗阶段的能力,为承包商提供了比人工操作更高的生产率。因此,使用虚拟设计软件Inventor Professional设计合适的适配板,该适配板具有足够的阻力和耐用性,直接影响液压锤和滑橇转向液压臂的结构。同时,开发了一个基本的动画来解释操作方式对液压锤和转接板的影响。最后,为了这一发展,考虑在操作人员超过液压锤结构的阻力能力的情况下,在系统中建造一个适配器板作为保险丝。
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引用次数: 0
Modelo matemático de un horno resistivo para termoformado de láminas de polipropileno 聚丙烯片材热成型电阻炉的数学模型
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.08
Lidia Castro-Cepeda, José Cortés-Llanganate
En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un modelo matemático de un horno resistivo para la producción de planchas termoformadas, localizado en una planta de producción de la ciudad de Riobamba. El objetivo de la investigación es conseguir la estabilidad de la temperatura y que, al pasar por el proceso de termoformado, las planchas tengan una dimensión homogénea que garantice la satisfacción del cliente. Para ello se analizan las variables físicas que rigen los fenómenos de transferencia de calor; radiación, convención y conducción, y así obtener un modelo matemático que prediga el perfil de temperatura del horno en el proceso de termoformado, a partir del cual se diseña un controlador utilizando varias técnicas de control que se acoplen al sistema de forma eficiente. En la primera etapa de la investigación se plantea un estudio teórico de los fenómenos físicos y las ecuaciones matemáticas que los representan. Luego son resueltas a través de técnicas computacionales usando Simulink para conseguir el perfil de temperatura. Por último, se valida este modelo comparándolo con aquellos ya obtenidos en trabajos anteriores a través de técnicas estadísticas; finalmente, se propone un nuevo controlador que garantice la variabilidad mínima de la temperatura. Como resultado de la simulación se consigue una variación de ±1 mm del ancho de la plancha.
在本研究中,我们分析了热成型板生产电阻炉的数学模型,该模型位于里奥巴市的一个生产工厂。研究的目的是获得温度的稳定性,并通过热成型过程,板材有一个均匀的尺寸,以确保客户满意。为此,分析了控制传热现象的物理变量;辐射、常规和传导,从而获得一个数学模型,预测热成型过程中炉的温度分布,从中设计一个控制器,使用几种控制技术,有效地耦合到系统。研究的第一阶段是对物理现象和代表它们的数学方程的理论研究。然后通过使用Simulink的计算技术进行求解,得到温度剖面。最后,通过与以往工作中获得的统计技术进行比较,验证了该模型的有效性;最后,提出了一种新的控制器,保证了最小的温度变异性。模拟的结果是,板的宽度变化为±1mm。
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引用次数: 0
Estabilidad de tensión y compensación electrónica en sistemas eléctricos de potencia usando herramientas de simulación 利用仿真工具对电力系统的电压稳定性和电子补偿进行了研究
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-06 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n28.2022.07
M. Campaña, P. Masache, E. Inga, D. Carrión
El aumento de la demanda en los distintos sistemas eléctricos de potencia (SEP) tiene un impacto negativo en la estabilidad de la tensión, la confiabilidad y la calidad del suministro eléctrico. El perfil de tensión disminuye cuando las unidades de generación no son capaces de suministrar potencia reactiva al sistema eléctrico en los momentos que se requiere. Con el desarrollo de la electrónica de potencia y los complejos sistemas de control, se han podido introducir dispositivos de sistemas flexibles de transmisión de corriente alterna (FACTS, del inglés Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System). En este artículo se analiza en detalle el impacto que genera la introducción de un tipo de FACTS que permite la compensación de potencia reactiva en el SEP. Además, se analizará una metodología para decidir la capacidad del compensador síncrono estático (STATCOM, del inglés Static Synchronous Compensator) y su ubicación óptima con la ejecución de flujos de potencia continuos (FPC). Finalmente, se estudiará el impacto positivo de la instalación de un control estabilizador de potencia (PSS, del inglés Power System Stabilizer) para asegurar la estabilidad de tensión en el SEP. Este artículo se desarrolla utilizando el sistema base IEEE de 14 barras bajo dos modelos matemáticos para el cálculo del flujo de potencia desarrollados en el software Matlab, que son: i) utilizando las ecuaciones de balance de potencia y ii) Newton Raphson con el textit{toolbox} de MATLAB (PSAT, del inglés Power System Analysis Toolbox).
不同电力系统需求的增加对电压稳定性、可靠性和供电质量有负面影响。当发电机组不能在需要的时候向电力系统提供无功功率时,电压分布就会降低。随着电力电子和复杂控制系统的发展,柔性交流电流传输系统(FACTS)器件已经被引入。本文详细分析了影响采用能够生成一种事实使得反应在公共教育部功率补偿。此外,将一个静态方法来决定补偿性同步的能力(STATCOM英文“Static Synchronous Compensator)及其执行情况的最佳位置连续功率流(FPC)。最后,它将积极影响,安装一个功率控制稳定器(PSS英文Power System Stabilizer),以确保该区域的稳定紧张是的。本文开发利用系统14酒吧在IEEE基地两个功率流数学模型进行计算,在软件开发的演练,他们是:i)使用功率平衡方程和ii)使用MATLAB (PSAT)功率系统分析工具箱的Newton Raphson。
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引用次数: 5
Characterization of DELUX: Ultraviolet light sterilization device for PFF2 / N95 masks against COVID-19 DELUX: PFF2 / N95口罩抗COVID-19紫外线灭菌装置的研制
IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.17163/ings.n27.2022.03
C. B. Lombello, N. Daghastanli, Hermann Windisch Neto, F. Fonseca, F. N. Ambrosio, Raquel Arbex, Isabella Kobb Fernando, Victor Allisson da Silva, Luisa Pataquini dos Santos, Patricia Aparecida da Ana
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health pandemic state due to the trans-mission of the new coronavirus on March 11th, 2020. COVID-19, that is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has a very broad clinical spectrum, with predominantly respiratory symptoms developments. The role of the health professionals in fighting the pandemic requires the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). PFF2 / N95 masks are suitable PPEs for this purpose. Due to the high demand for PFF2 / N95 masks to fight the pandemic, there was a shortage of this PPE world-wide. This work aims to present a characterization of the device called DELUX, utilized for UVC (ultra-violet C light spectra) sterilization of PFF2 / N95 masks, and allowing to extend the time of safe use of this PPE in emergency conditions. The photometric validation of the device resulted in the verification of the emission spectrum of the lamps used in the device, and the measurement of the optical power, demonstrating the adequacy of irradiation with UVC light, with a 15-minute cycle, and safely. Biological validation showed that DELUX is capable of inacti-vating SARS-CoV-2 present on the surface of PFF2 / N95 masks, thus being efficient for their sterilization. The safety offered by the sterilization cycle allows to extend the safe use of those masks. © 2022, Universidad Politecnica Salesiana. All rights reserved.
由于新型冠状病毒的传播,世界卫生组织于2020年3月11日宣布进入公共卫生大流行状态。由SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19具有非常广泛的临床症状,主要是呼吸道症状。卫生专业人员在抗击大流行病方面的作用需要使用个人防护装备。PFF2 / N95口罩是适用于此目的的ppe。由于应对大流行对PFF2 / N95口罩的需求量很大,全球范围内出现了这种个人防护装备的短缺。这项工作旨在介绍一种名为DELUX的设备的特性,该设备用于PFF2 / N95口罩的UVC(紫外线C光谱)灭菌,并允许在紧急情况下延长安全使用这种PPE的时间。该设备的光度验证导致了设备中使用的灯的发射光谱的验证,以及光功率的测量,证明了UVC光照射的充分性,周期为15分钟,并且安全。生物验证结果表明,DELUX能够灭活PFF2 / N95口罩表面存在的SARS-CoV-2,对PFF2 / N95口罩具有良好的杀菌效果。消毒周期提供的安全性可以延长这些口罩的安全使用时间。©2022,巴黎理工大学。版权所有。
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引用次数: 0
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