Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_oa9
Faten Nasser, Rehab Hussien, Mahasin Hassan, Tasneem S A Elmahdi, Ali Alsaadi, Enas Fallatah
Background: Detection and quantification of liver iron overload are significant to initiate treatment and monitoring of iron overload. This study aimed to quantify liver iron deposits in β-thalassemia major patients using MRI T2* and its correlation with age and heart iron deposition. Methods and Results: This retrospective study included 54 records of patients between 5-16 years of age with hepatic iron deposition due to β-thalassemia major. Data were collected from MRI reports in Picture Archiving and Communication Systems-Radiology Information System (PACS-RIS) and serum ferritin (SF) test results obtained from Hospital Information Systems and written into a dedicated datasheet. The information was recorded on a data collection sheet. The datasheet included all the required data, demographic data, lab results, T2* mapping for iron deposition in the liver and heart, and liver measurements. All subjects had high SF (from 1120 to 9850 ng/ml) with an average of 4317.93±2779.9 ng/ml. Age and SF correlated positively (r=0.368, P=0.0006). A negative correlation was observed between SF and liver T2* (r= -0578, P=0.000) (Table 3), whereas between liver T2* and heart T2* correlation had a positive direction (r= 0.329, P=0.015) Conclusion: MRI provides accurate, non-invasive, valid, and repeatable techniques, which are more acceptable to patients for assessing iron load. Furthermore, MRI T2* methods measure iron overload within the target organ precisely.
{"title":"Hepatic Iron Deposition Quantification in Patients with β-Thalassemia Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"Faten Nasser, Rehab Hussien, Mahasin Hassan, Tasneem S A Elmahdi, Ali Alsaadi, Enas Fallatah","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_oa9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_oa9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Detection and quantification of liver iron overload are significant to initiate treatment and monitoring of iron overload. This study aimed to quantify liver iron deposits in β-thalassemia major patients using MRI T2* and its correlation with age and heart iron deposition. Methods and Results: This retrospective study included 54 records of patients between 5-16 years of age with hepatic iron deposition due to β-thalassemia major. Data were collected from MRI reports in Picture Archiving and Communication Systems-Radiology Information System (PACS-RIS) and serum ferritin (SF) test results obtained from Hospital Information Systems and written into a dedicated datasheet. The information was recorded on a data collection sheet. The datasheet included all the required data, demographic data, lab results, T2* mapping for iron deposition in the liver and heart, and liver measurements. All subjects had high SF (from 1120 to 9850 ng/ml) with an average of 4317.93±2779.9 ng/ml. Age and SF correlated positively (r=0.368, P=0.0006). A negative correlation was observed between SF and liver T2* (r= -0578, P=0.000) (Table 3), whereas between liver T2* and heart T2* correlation had a positive direction (r= 0.329, P=0.015) Conclusion: MRI provides accurate, non-invasive, valid, and repeatable techniques, which are more acceptable to patients for assessing iron load. Furthermore, MRI T2* methods measure iron overload within the target organ precisely.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46800602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_oa17
Timur V. Melkumyan, Nuritdin Kamilov, Z. Khabadze, Maria Makeeva, Gerhard Seeberger, Sargis Gevorgyan, Angela Dadamova
Background: Recently, synthetic materials based on bioactive glasses have been in special demand in dental implantology, which, according to the mechanism of their action, are not only osteo-conductors, but also osteo-inductors. Of even greater interest is the fact that the biological degradation of these materials causes alkalization of the area and inhibits the growth of many pathogens. Considering the unique properties of this group of osteoplastic fillers and the problems associated with healing after guided bone regeneration, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of using bioactive glasses S53P4 and 45S5 when performing vertical bone augmentation in an experiment applying a rabbit tibia model. Methods and Results: Six adult outbred rabbits aged from 1.5 to 2 years and weighing from 2.5 kg to 3.2 kg were used in the study. A titanium mesh was used to perform a true vertical guided bone regeneration technique. In each animal, two titanium tents were placed: one on the left tibia and one on the right tibia. On the left limb, empty spaces were filled with bioactive synthetic bone filler NovaBone® Morsels (USA); on the right limb, we used a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive® granules CMF (Finland) and mineralized bone MedPark Bone-D XB (Bovine Xenograft, South Korea) in a ratio of 1:1. The quantity and quality of regenerated tissues were assessed after 8-10 weeks. The NovaBone application has allowed a gain of 2.6±2.67 mm in extra-skeletal hard tissue growth. No signs of guided bone regeneration were observed in all cases of application of an osteoplastic mixture of Bonalive and Bone-D XB granules. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was found that the use of a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive (S53P4) with bovine hydroxyapatite in a 1:1 ratio was not effective in vertically guided bone regeneration, but the application of NovaBone (45S5) could promote a new bone formation.
背景:近年来，以生物活性玻璃为基础的人工合成材料在口腔种植领域有着特殊的需求，根据它们的作用机制，它们不仅是骨导体，而且是骨诱导剂。更令人感兴趣的是，这些材料的生物降解会导致该地区的碱化，并抑制许多病原体的生长。考虑到这组骨塑填充材料的独特性能以及引导骨再生后的愈合相关问题，本研究旨在通过兔胫骨模型实验，比较使用生物活性玻璃S53P4和45S5进行垂直骨增强的有效性。方法与结果:选用6只年龄在1.5 ~ 2岁、体重在2.5 ~ 3.2 kg之间的成年近交系家兔。使用钛网进行真正的垂直引导骨再生技术。在每只动物体内，放置两个钛帐篷:一个在左胫骨上，一个在右胫骨上。在左肢，用NovaBone®Morsels(美国)生物活性合成骨填充物填充空隙;在右肢，我们使用生物活性玻璃Bonalive®颗粒CMF(芬兰)和矿化骨MedPark bone - d XB(牛异种移植物，韩国)的混合物，比例为1:1。8-10周后评估再生组织的数量和质量。NovaBone的应用使骨骼外硬组织生长增加了2.6±2.67 mm。在应用Bonalive和bone - d XB颗粒的骨塑混合物的所有病例中，均未观察到引导骨再生的迹象。结论:在本研究范围内，我们发现生物活性玻璃Bonalive (S53P4)与牛羟基磷灰石按1:1比例混合使用在垂直引导骨再生中无效，而NovaBone (45S5)的应用可以促进新骨的形成。
{"title":"Vertical Bone Augmentation Using Two Bioactive Glasses in a Rabbit Tibia Model: A Comparative Study with Literature Review","authors":"Timur V. Melkumyan, Nuritdin Kamilov, Z. Khabadze, Maria Makeeva, Gerhard Seeberger, Sargis Gevorgyan, Angela Dadamova","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_oa17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_oa17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Recently, synthetic materials based on bioactive glasses have been in special demand in dental implantology, which, according to the mechanism of their action, are not only osteo-conductors, but also osteo-inductors. Of even greater interest is the fact that the biological degradation of these materials causes alkalization of the area and inhibits the growth of many pathogens. Considering the unique properties of this group of osteoplastic fillers and the problems associated with healing after guided bone regeneration, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of using bioactive glasses S53P4 and 45S5 when performing vertical bone augmentation in an experiment applying a rabbit tibia model. Methods and Results: Six adult outbred rabbits aged from 1.5 to 2 years and weighing from 2.5 kg to 3.2 kg were used in the study. A titanium mesh was used to perform a true vertical guided bone regeneration technique. In each animal, two titanium tents were placed: one on the left tibia and one on the right tibia. On the left limb, empty spaces were filled with bioactive synthetic bone filler NovaBone® Morsels (USA); on the right limb, we used a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive® granules CMF (Finland) and mineralized bone MedPark Bone-D XB (Bovine Xenograft, South Korea) in a ratio of 1:1. The quantity and quality of regenerated tissues were assessed after 8-10 weeks. The NovaBone application has allowed a gain of 2.6±2.67 mm in extra-skeletal hard tissue growth. No signs of guided bone regeneration were observed in all cases of application of an osteoplastic mixture of Bonalive and Bone-D XB granules. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was found that the use of a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive (S53P4) with bovine hydroxyapatite in a 1:1 ratio was not effective in vertically guided bone regeneration, but the application of NovaBone (45S5) could promote a new bone formation.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42109996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_cr3
Miranda Abazi, Arben Abazi, Saranda Sadiku
The aim of this case report is to present an orthodontic technique combined with skeletal anchorage (TADs) in the retromolar region to pull out a right horizontally impacted mandibular second molar (MM2) beneath the third molar (MM3). This treatment approach was performed by extracting the adjacent MM3 lying over the MM2. A miniscrew was inserted in the retromolar region. It required minimal surgical exposure—mucosal incision, crown uncovering, and attaching a bondable button for uprighting MM2 with an elastic chain. Disimpaction was done for several days without any side effects.
{"title":"Management of Impacted Lower Second Molar with Extra Alveolar Tads: A Case Report","authors":"Miranda Abazi, Arben Abazi, Saranda Sadiku","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_cr3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_cr3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this case report is to present an orthodontic technique combined with skeletal anchorage (TADs) in the retromolar region to pull out a right horizontally impacted mandibular second molar (MM2) beneath the third molar (MM3). This treatment approach was performed by extracting the adjacent MM3 lying over the MM2. A miniscrew was inserted in the retromolar region. It required minimal surgical exposure—mucosal incision, crown uncovering, and attaching a bondable button for uprighting MM2 with an elastic chain. Disimpaction was done for several days without any side effects.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46272285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_oa2
A. Yuldasheva, G. Khamidullaeva
Background: Regardless of the mean blood pressure value, short-term and long-term BP variability (BPV) are associated with the development and progression of target organ damage and predictors of cardiovascular complications and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of increased BPV in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Methods and Results: The study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, a retrospective analysis of 365 ABPM results was carried out. As a result of the analysis, 271 patients aged 56.1±10.0 years with uncontrolled AH Grades 1-3 (ESC/ESH, 2018) were included in this study. Depending on the values of BPV, AH patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with normal BPV (n=145), and Group 2 consisted of patients with increased BPV (n=126). The second stage included 91 patients with uncontrolled hypertension without permanent antihypertensive therapy who had increased BPV. We found statistically significant differences in BP between the AH patients with normal BPV and increased BPV. Thus, in the group with normal BPV, compared with increased BPV, the parameters of the average 24-h systolic BP (SBP), daytime SBP, and nighttime SBP were statistically lower (141±14.6 vs. 147.2±20.2 mmHg, P<0.004; 142.8±15.1 vs. 148.4±20.7 mmHg, P<0.01; and 136.2±15.5 vs. 143.8±21.4 mmHg, P<0.001; respectively). A statistically significant moderate direct correlation was found between the average 24-h SBP and the average 24-h and daytime SBP variability (SBPV) (rs=0.49 and rs=0.40 respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A statistically significant moderate to weak direct correlation also was found between the average daytime SBP, and the average 24-h and daytime SBPV (rs=0.45 and rs=0.37, respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A moderate direct correlation was found between nighttime SBP and 24-hour SBPV (rs=0.52, P<0.001) and between nighttime SBP and daytime SBPV (rs=0.42, P<0.001). Weak direct correlations were found between the average 24-h SBPV and central SBP (SBPc) (rs=0.34, P<0.001), as well as between the average 24-h and daytime SBPV and central pulse pressure (PPc) (rs=0.33 and rs=0.32, respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A weak direct correlation was found between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the average 24-h and daytime SBPV (rs=0.37 [P<0.001] and rs=0.3 [P=0.04]). Conclusion: The increased BPV is associated with impaired diurnal blood pressure profile (DBPP) and structural and functional changes in blood vessels, in particular, an increase in SBPc and PP in the aorta, and CIMT thickening, which characterizes increased BPV as a predictor of vascular remodeling in patients with uncontrolled AH.
{"title":"Blood Pressure Variability: Marker or Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk?","authors":"A. Yuldasheva, G. Khamidullaeva","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_oa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_oa2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regardless of the mean blood pressure value, short-term and long-term BP variability (BPV) are associated with the development and progression of target organ damage and predictors of cardiovascular complications and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of increased BPV in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Methods and Results: The study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, a retrospective analysis of 365 ABPM results was carried out. As a result of the analysis, 271 patients aged 56.1±10.0 years with uncontrolled AH Grades 1-3 (ESC/ESH, 2018) were included in this study. Depending on the values of BPV, AH patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with normal BPV (n=145), and Group 2 consisted of patients with increased BPV (n=126). The second stage included 91 patients with uncontrolled hypertension without permanent antihypertensive therapy who had increased BPV. We found statistically significant differences in BP between the AH patients with normal BPV and increased BPV. Thus, in the group with normal BPV, compared with increased BPV, the parameters of the average 24-h systolic BP (SBP), daytime SBP, and nighttime SBP were statistically lower (141±14.6 vs. 147.2±20.2 mmHg, P<0.004; 142.8±15.1 vs. 148.4±20.7 mmHg, P<0.01; and 136.2±15.5 vs. 143.8±21.4 mmHg, P<0.001; respectively). A statistically significant moderate direct correlation was found between the average 24-h SBP and the average 24-h and daytime SBP variability (SBPV) (rs=0.49 and rs=0.40 respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A statistically significant moderate to weak direct correlation also was found between the average daytime SBP, and the average 24-h and daytime SBPV (rs=0.45 and rs=0.37, respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A moderate direct correlation was found between nighttime SBP and 24-hour SBPV (rs=0.52, P<0.001) and between nighttime SBP and daytime SBPV (rs=0.42, P<0.001). Weak direct correlations were found between the average 24-h SBPV and central SBP (SBPc) (rs=0.34, P<0.001), as well as between the average 24-h and daytime SBPV and central pulse pressure (PPc) (rs=0.33 and rs=0.32, respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A weak direct correlation was found between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the average 24-h and daytime SBPV (rs=0.37 [P<0.001] and rs=0.3 [P=0.04]). Conclusion: The increased BPV is associated with impaired diurnal blood pressure profile (DBPP) and structural and functional changes in blood vessels, in particular, an increase in SBPc and PP in the aorta, and CIMT thickening, which characterizes increased BPV as a predictor of vascular remodeling in patients with uncontrolled AH.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44630087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are among the most challenging tumors of the head and neck region to diagnose and treat. Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare extra-parotid malignant neoplasm of the PPS. Herewith, we report a case of extra-parotid, low-grade solid pattern ACC diagnosed in a 55-year-old male who presented with a left parapharyngeal bulge. Despite its rare occurrence, ACC of the PPS should be included in the differential diagnosis of PPS tumors.
{"title":"Parapharyngeal Acinic Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report of a Rare Extra-Parotid Occurrence","authors":"Rinë Limani, Fahredin Veselaj, Zgjim Limani, LabinotaKondirolli Kondirolli, Brikenë Gashi","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_cr1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_cr1","url":null,"abstract":"Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are among the most challenging tumors of the head and neck region to diagnose and treat. Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an extremely rare extra-parotid malignant neoplasm of the PPS. Herewith, we report a case of extra-parotid, low-grade solid pattern ACC diagnosed in a 55-year-old male who presented with a left parapharyngeal bulge. Despite its rare occurrence, ACC of the PPS should be included in the differential diagnosis of PPS tumors.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41253289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_ra1
Varun Rao, Rasika Shankar, Gundu Rao
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. An estimated 17.9 million individuals died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. Cardiometabolic risks, such as hypertension, excess weight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and vascular diseases, contribute significantly to the progression of coronary artery disease. Known sequelae of events that lead to these cardiometabolic diseases include oxidative stress, inflammation, development of dysfunction of vascular adipose tissue, altered blood pressure and blood lipids, altered glucose metabolism, hardening of the arteries, endothelial dysfunction, development of atherosclerotic plaques, and activation of platelet and coagulation pathways. The Framingham Heart Study Group has developed a Risk Score that estimates the risk of developing heart disease in a 10-year period. This group of experts has developed mathematical functions for predicting clinical coronary disease events. These prediction capabilities are derived by assigning weights to major CVD risk factors such as sex, age, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking behavior, and diabetes status. Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. AI-based mimetic pattern-based algorithms seem to be better than the conventional Framingham Risk Score, in predicting clinical events related to CVDs. However, there are limitations to these applications as they do not have access to data on the specific factors that trigger acute vascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. This overview briefly discusses some salient cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in precipitating thrombotic conditions. Further improvements in emerging technologies will provide greater opportunities for patient selection and treatment options. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that most CVDs can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical activity, and harmful use of alcohol. Early detection and better management of the modifiable risks seem to be the only way to reduce, reverse, or prevent these diseases.
{"title":"Acute Vascular Events: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms","authors":"Varun Rao, Rasika Shankar, Gundu Rao","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_ra1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_ra1","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. An estimated 17.9 million individuals died from CVDs in 2019, representing 32% of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 85% were due to heart attack and stroke. Cardiometabolic risks, such as hypertension, excess weight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and vascular diseases, contribute significantly to the progression of coronary artery disease. Known sequelae of events that lead to these cardiometabolic diseases include oxidative stress, inflammation, development of dysfunction of vascular adipose tissue, altered blood pressure and blood lipids, altered glucose metabolism, hardening of the arteries, endothelial dysfunction, development of atherosclerotic plaques, and activation of platelet and coagulation pathways. The Framingham Heart Study Group has developed a Risk Score that estimates the risk of developing heart disease in a 10-year period. This group of experts has developed mathematical functions for predicting clinical coronary disease events. These prediction capabilities are derived by assigning weights to major CVD risk factors such as sex, age, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking behavior, and diabetes status. Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. AI-based mimetic pattern-based algorithms seem to be better than the conventional Framingham Risk Score, in predicting clinical events related to CVDs. However, there are limitations to these applications as they do not have access to data on the specific factors that trigger acute vascular events, such as heart attack and stroke. This overview briefly discusses some salient cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in precipitating thrombotic conditions. Further improvements in emerging technologies will provide greater opportunities for patient selection and treatment options. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that most CVDs can be prevented by addressing behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet and obesity, physical activity, and harmful use of alcohol. Early detection and better management of the modifiable risks seem to be the only way to reduce, reverse, or prevent these diseases.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48156524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_oa18
Sarah Alfaifi, Rania Suliman, Mona Idriss, Abeer Aloufi, Ebtesam Alolayan, M. Awadalla, Alhassan H. Aodah, Omar Asab, Jarallah Al-Qahtani, Nahla Mohmmed, Bandar Alosaimi
This in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity of Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts against the influenza virus. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the active components in each extract, and eighty experimental mice were treated. Electrophoresis was performed to detect protein expression, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze gene expression and quantify viral RNA. Lung tissue histopathology was processed to observe pathological signs. Oral administration of all extracts reduced the viral quantification in mice lungs by 61.6% in the early phase of infection, measured by PCR. From the extracts tested, unroasted green Arabica coffee (AC) extract in protective groups showed remarkable body weight stability of 16.76 g, a survival rate of 100%, and healthier lung tissue, compared to other groups. The antiviral effects of the tested AC and GT (green tea) revealed that AC extracts induced veridical effects, increased body weight, and improved survival rate. Those natural extracts may interfere with viral replication and reduce virus infection. The observed anti-influenza activity demonstrated by reduced symptoms and increased survival rate in animal models suggests that AC extracts might be used as a promising prophylactic agent against influenza viral infections. The active compound in the unroasted green AC extract requires further in vitro analysis as to which viral proteins are targeted by the natural extract and which molecular mechanism this antiviral inhibition is interfering with.
{"title":"In vivo Evaluation of the Antiviral Effects of Arabian Coffee (Coffea arabica) and Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Extracts on Influenza A Virus","authors":"Sarah Alfaifi, Rania Suliman, Mona Idriss, Abeer Aloufi, Ebtesam Alolayan, M. Awadalla, Alhassan H. Aodah, Omar Asab, Jarallah Al-Qahtani, Nahla Mohmmed, Bandar Alosaimi","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_oa18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_oa18","url":null,"abstract":"This in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the antiviral activity of Arabian coffee (Coffea arabica) and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts against the influenza virus. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the active components in each extract, and eighty experimental mice were treated. Electrophoresis was performed to detect protein expression, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze gene expression and quantify viral RNA. Lung tissue histopathology was processed to observe pathological signs. Oral administration of all extracts reduced the viral quantification in mice lungs by 61.6% in the early phase of infection, measured by PCR. From the extracts tested, unroasted green Arabica coffee (AC) extract in protective groups showed remarkable body weight stability of 16.76 g, a survival rate of 100%, and healthier lung tissue, compared to other groups. The antiviral effects of the tested AC and GT (green tea) revealed that AC extracts induced veridical effects, increased body weight, and improved survival rate. Those natural extracts may interfere with viral replication and reduce virus infection. The observed anti-influenza activity demonstrated by reduced symptoms and increased survival rate in animal models suggests that AC extracts might be used as a promising prophylactic agent against influenza viral infections. The active compound in the unroasted green AC extract requires further in vitro analysis as to which viral proteins are targeted by the natural extract and which molecular mechanism this antiviral inhibition is interfering with.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43130799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_oa7
M. Ismaili
Background: This study aimed to determine the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL) in patients with refractive anomalies and emmetropes. Methods and Results: The study included 330 respondents, with a total of 660 eyes, divided into two groups. The test group (TG) included 180 respondents with refractive anomalies (65 respondents with hypertropia, 65 with myopia, and 50 with astigmatism); the control group (CG) included 150 respondents with uncorrected visual acuity – 6/6 in both eyes. The CCT values were higher in the hypermetropic group compared to the myopic group (561.5±25.3 vs. 517.9±37.3 mm, P<0.001), astigmatism group (561.5±25.3 vs. 528.3±35.3 mm, P<0.001) and the CG (561.5±25.3 vs. 553.3±18.5 mm, P<0.001). From 360 eyes in the TG with refractive anomalies, the lowest AL values were found in the hypermetropic group (21.7±1.0 mm) compared to the myopic group (P<0.001), the astigmatism group (P<0.001), and the CG (P<0.001). Similar differences were also found for the right eyes (OD): hypermetrops tend to have shorter AL than the astigmatic group (P<0.001), myopic group (P<0.001), and the CG (emmetrope) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The mean CCT value in the hyperopic group was higher than in the emmetropic group, while the CCT value of the myopic and astigmatic group was lower than that of the emmetropic group. AL values were the lowest in the hypermetropic group than in the myopic, astigmatic, and control groups.
{"title":"Association between Central Corneal Thickness and Axial Length in Patients with Refractive Anomalies and Emmetropes","authors":"M. Ismaili","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_oa7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_oa7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to determine the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and axial length (AL) in patients with refractive anomalies and emmetropes. Methods and Results: The study included 330 respondents, with a total of 660 eyes, divided into two groups. The test group (TG) included 180 respondents with refractive anomalies (65 respondents with hypertropia, 65 with myopia, and 50 with astigmatism); the control group (CG) included 150 respondents with uncorrected visual acuity – 6/6 in both eyes. The CCT values were higher in the hypermetropic group compared to the myopic group (561.5±25.3 vs. 517.9±37.3 mm, P<0.001), astigmatism group (561.5±25.3 vs. 528.3±35.3 mm, P<0.001) and the CG (561.5±25.3 vs. 553.3±18.5 mm, P<0.001). From 360 eyes in the TG with refractive anomalies, the lowest AL values were found in the hypermetropic group (21.7±1.0 mm) compared to the myopic group (P<0.001), the astigmatism group (P<0.001), and the CG (P<0.001). Similar differences were also found for the right eyes (OD): hypermetrops tend to have shorter AL than the astigmatic group (P<0.001), myopic group (P<0.001), and the CG (emmetrope) (P<0.001). Conclusion: The mean CCT value in the hyperopic group was higher than in the emmetropic group, while the CCT value of the myopic and astigmatic group was lower than that of the emmetropic group. AL values were the lowest in the hypermetropic group than in the myopic, astigmatic, and control groups.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.21103/article13(3)_ra3
Juan C. Alamilla-Presuel
Currently, radiotherapy has been identified as the most common cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of this treatment modality is low in several malignancies due to the resistance of cancer to radiation. Multiple mechanisms, including cell-cycle checkpoint function, DNA repair, and cell death pathways, modulate the radio-responsiveness of cancer cells. This review considered the role of p53, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and cellular senescence in radiation response.
{"title":"Role of p53, Cancer Stem Cells, and Cellular Senescence in Radiation Response","authors":"Juan C. Alamilla-Presuel","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_ra3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_ra3","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, radiotherapy has been identified as the most common cancer treatment. However, the efficacy of this treatment modality is low in several malignancies due to the resistance of cancer to radiation. Multiple mechanisms, including cell-cycle checkpoint function, DNA repair, and cell death pathways, modulate the radio-responsiveness of cancer cells. This review considered the role of p53, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and cellular senescence in radiation response.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42654388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common and debilitating injury among athletes, with high recurrence rates and long-term consequences. Identifying individuals at risk of ACL injury can help prevent or reduce the severity of these injuries. The present study aimed to assess the alpha angle (AA) in ACL rupture patients in both the injured (ipsilateral) and non-affected (contralateral) extremities, compared to a control group. Methods and Results: This case-control study included 105 subjects (78.1% male and 21.9% female) aged between 15 and 45 years of both sexes involved in sports. The case group consisted of 54 patients with sport-related, noncontact ACL ruptures identified by MRI. Fifty-one patients, 10(19.6%) of whom were female, with no ACL rupture, were included in the study as a control group. Hip radiographs were taken in all the subjects using the modified Dunn View with the patient in the supine position, hip flexed 45o and abducted 20o. OsiriX software was used to obtain the measurements. Most injuries were caused by football (58.1%), followed by jumping sports (23.8%) and skiing (18.1%). The mean AA was 49.27 o (SD=4.93) for subjects without ACL rupture and 54.84o (SD=6.17) for subjects with ACL rupture, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Results also showed a statistically significant difference in the AA on the ipsilateral (54.84o [SD=6.17]) and contralateral (49.48o [SD=7.04]) hips of the case subjects (P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in AA between the case and control groups and between hips of the same subject with an OR of 1.12 (P=0.041) and 1.2 (P=0.000), respectively. Conclusion: Alterations in proximal femur morphology should be considered a potential risk factor for ACL injury, and AA can be a significant predictor of ACL injury. We recommend that young athletes actively participating in sports have their hip AA measured so those with higher AA can follow special prevention programs.
{"title":"Investigating the Role of Proximal Femoral Morphology in Noncontact ACL Injuries: A Comparative Study","authors":"Dijon Musliu, J. Shatri, Sadi Bexheti, Ardita Kafexholli, Redon Jashari, Agron Mahmuti, Lavdim Berisha, Ardian Karakushi, Qerim Kida","doi":"10.21103/article13(3)_oa11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21103/article13(3)_oa11","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common and debilitating injury among athletes, with high recurrence rates and long-term consequences. Identifying individuals at risk of ACL injury can help prevent or reduce the severity of these injuries. The present study aimed to assess the alpha angle (AA) in ACL rupture patients in both the injured (ipsilateral) and non-affected (contralateral) extremities, compared to a control group. Methods and Results: This case-control study included 105 subjects (78.1% male and 21.9% female) aged between 15 and 45 years of both sexes involved in sports. The case group consisted of 54 patients with sport-related, noncontact ACL ruptures identified by MRI. Fifty-one patients, 10(19.6%) of whom were female, with no ACL rupture, were included in the study as a control group. Hip radiographs were taken in all the subjects using the modified Dunn View with the patient in the supine position, hip flexed 45o and abducted 20o. OsiriX software was used to obtain the measurements. Most injuries were caused by football (58.1%), followed by jumping sports (23.8%) and skiing (18.1%). The mean AA was 49.27 o (SD=4.93) for subjects without ACL rupture and 54.84o (SD=6.17) for subjects with ACL rupture, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Results also showed a statistically significant difference in the AA on the ipsilateral (54.84o [SD=6.17]) and contralateral (49.48o [SD=7.04]) hips of the case subjects (P<0.001). The logistic regression analysis indicated a statistically significant difference in AA between the case and control groups and between hips of the same subject with an OR of 1.12 (P=0.041) and 1.2 (P=0.000), respectively. Conclusion: Alterations in proximal femur morphology should be considered a potential risk factor for ACL injury, and AA can be a significant predictor of ACL injury. We recommend that young athletes actively participating in sports have their hip AA measured so those with higher AA can follow special prevention programs.","PeriodicalId":53991,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomedicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47827917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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